Advancing an Ecosystem Approach in the Gulf of Maine

2012 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Gulf Of Maine ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Water Bloom ◽  
Sun Compass ◽  
Fine Sediments ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Crangon Septemspinosa

<i>Abstract</i> .—Because of partial recirculation and steep bottom slopes, the Gulf of Maine (GoM) contains steep environmental gradients in both space and time. I focus, in particular, on optical properties associated with both resources and risks. The GoM estuary-shelf systems differ from those whose fine sediments are trapped behind barrier bars; in the GoM, nepheloid layers prevail over a wide range of depths, and onshore-offshore turbidity gradients at a given water depth are also steep. Turbidity reduces predation risk. Three crustacean species that are major fish forages respond to the strong environmental gradients in resources and risks by migrating seasonally both horizontally and vertically. Northern shrimp (also known as pink shrimp) <i>Pandalus borealis</i> , sevenspine bay shrimp <i>Crangon septemspinosa</i> , and the most common mysid shrimp in the GoM, <i>Neomysis americana</i> , share both stalked eyes that appear capable of detecting polarized light and statocysts. This pair of features likely confers sun-compass navigational ability, facilitating use of multiple habitats. All three species converge on a shallow-water bloom at depths <100 m of the western GoM shelf in December–March, well before the basin-wide, climatological spring bloom in April. In addition to reaching abundant food resources, I propose that they are also using optical protection, quantified as the integral of the beam attenuation coefficient from the surface to the depth that they occupy during daylight. Spring immigration into, and fall emigration from, estuaries appear to be common in GoM sevenspine bay shrimp and <i>N. americana</i> , out of phase with their populations south of New England and with turbidity differences a likely cause. Migration studies that include measurements of turbidity are needed, however, to test the strength of the effect of optical protection on habitat use by all three species. Simultaneous sampling of estuaries and the adjacent shelf, together with trace-element tracer studies, would be very useful to resolve timing and extent of mass migrations, which likely are sensitive to turbidity change resulting from climate change. These migrations present special challenges to ecosystem-based management by using so many different habitats.

Advancing an Ecosystem Approach in the Gulf of Maine

2012 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Gulf Of Maine ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Organizational Studies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Integrated Policy ◽  
Range Of Functions ◽  
Integrated Assessments ◽  
Science Symposium ◽  
State Of The Environment

<i>Abstract</i>.—This paper briefly summarizes some of the regional developments and advances in the theme “Tools for Integrated Policy and Management” that were presented at the October 2009 Gulf of Maine Science Symposium held in St. Andrews, New Brunswick. Tools for integrated policy and management meet a wide range of functions and originate from a variety of fields, from the physical and biological sciences to social sciences and organizational studies. Some of the tools presented at the 2009 Gulf of Maine symposium are discussed in this paper. Knowledge gaps still exist regarding impacts of development and industrial activities, which becomes apparent when trying to evaluate and quantify cumulative impacts. Geographic information system-based tools and elements of marine spatial planning such as human use mapping can help establish better cumulative impact assessments. While it is recognized that advances in integrated policy and management have occurred since the previous (1996) Gulf of Maine science symposium, evaluation of that progress is still in development. Tools such as state of the environment reporting, integrated assessments/ ecosystem overviews, frameworks for implementation of ecosystem-based management (EBM), or approaches developed by the EBM Tools Network all assist in measuring and evaluating our progress towards full implementation of an ecosystem approach within the context of management activities and actions.

Advancing an Ecosystem Approach in the Gulf of Maine

2012 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Gulf Of Maine ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Calanus Finmarchicus ◽  
Massachusetts Bay ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
Dramatic Decline ◽  
Salinity Water ◽  
Peak Abundance ◽  
Ocean Observing

<i>Abstract</i> .—In a collaborative project with a number of New England commercial fishermen, zooplankton was sampled two to three times a month between 2003 and 2005 at the GoMOOS (Gulf of Maine Ocean Observing System) Buoy “B” and between 2003 and 2008 at a station on Jeffreys Ledge in the western Gulf of Maine. Additionally, during 2007 and 2008 zooplankton and ichthyoplankton were sampled semimonthly at stations located in Massachusetts Bay and Ipswich Bay, New Hampshire. The authors report here on seasonal and interannual patterns in biomass, diversity, and abundance in the zooplankton at the Jeffreys Ledge station and in the ichthyoplankton at the Massachusetts and Ipswich Bay stations. Notable is the dominance of <i>Calanus finmarchicus </i> on Jeffreys Ledge and the dramatic decline in summer abundance of this species between 2003 and 2005, perhaps related to a shift to lower salinity water during this same period. Interannual differences in timing of peak abundance, and in species dominance of ichthyoplankton, were observed between 2007 and 2008. While these time series provide information and insight about change in the coastal planktonic communities in the western Gulf of Maine, currently there are no observing programs that sample coastal communities at frequency sufficient to show seasonal and interannual change in this region.

Advancing an Ecosystem Approach in the Gulf of Maine

2012 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Gulf Of Maine ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Federal Management ◽  
Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management ◽  
Management Council ◽  
The U.S

<i>Abstract</i>.—There is a strong desire to move toward ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) in New England. However, there are many other problems in U.S. fisheries that have prevented timely adoption of EBFM. Changes in the Magnuson Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act, requiring catch limits for federally managed fisheries, may help speed the movement toward ecosystembased approaches to fishery management. In the meantime, the term “integrated fishery management” (IFM) is being used by the New England Fishery Management Council to mean incorporating flexibility between fishery management plans to allow, and account for, mixed catch. If IFM is going to provide a step toward EBFM, there are several actions that must be taken: (1) adequate monitoring across all fisheries must be provided, (2) flexibility across existing management plans must encourage reporting and landing rather than discarding, (3) interjurisdictional coordination within and among states and federal management bodies must improve, and (4) application of the U.S./Canada Resource Sharing Understanding must expand.

AN INTERNATIONAL POSITION STATEMENT ON THE MANAGEMENT OF FRAILTY IN DIABETES MELLITUS: SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS 2017

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
A.J. SINCLAIR ◽  
A. ABDELHAFIZ ◽  
T. DUNNING ◽  
M. IZQUIERDO ◽  
L. RODRIGUEZ MANAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
American Medical ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
English Language ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
Position Statement ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Medicine Journal ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
International Experts

Aim: the the International Position Statement provides the opportunity to summarise all existing clinical trial and best practice evidence for older people with frailty and diabetes. It is the first document of its kind and is intended to support clinical decisions that will enhance safety in management and promote high quality care. Methods: the Review Group sought evidence from a wide range of studies that provide sufficient confidence (in the absence of grading) for the basis of each recommendation. This was supported by a given rationale and key references for our recommendations in each section, all of which have been reviewed by leading international experts. Searches for any relevant clinical evidence were generally limited to English language citations over the previous 15 years. The following databases were examined: Embase, Medline/PubMed, Cochrane Trials Register, Cinahl, and Science Citation. Hand searching of 16 key major peer-reviewed journals was undertaken by two reviewers (AJS and AA) and these included Lancet, Diabetes, Diabetologia, Diabetes Care, British Medical Journal, New England Journal of Medicine, Journal of the American Medical Association, Journal of Frailty & Aging, Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, and Journals of Gerontology – Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. Results: two scientific supporting statements have been provided that relate to the area of frailty and diabetes; this is accompanied by evidence-based decisions in 9 clinical domains. The Summary has been supported by diagrammatic figures and a table relating to the inter-relations between frailty and diabetes, a frailty assessment pathway, an exercise-based programme of intervention, a glucose-lowering algorithm with a description of available therapies. Conclusions: we have provided an up to date evidence-based approach to practical decision-making for older adults with frailty and diabetes. This Summary document includes a user-friendly set of recommendations that should be considered for implementation in primary, community-based and secondary care settings.

THE WORST IS YET TO COME ..

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-70
Author(s):  
J. F. L.
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Academic Medical ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Use Of Services ◽  
Market Driven ◽  
To Come ◽  
The One ◽  
A Current

Jerome Kassirer, in a current issue of the New England Journal of Medicine, expressed the fear that: market-driven care is likely to alienate physicians, undermine patients' trusts of physicians' motives, cripple academic medical centers, [and] handicap the research establishment ... On the one hand, doctors are expected to provide a wide range of services, recommend the best treatments, and improve patients' quality of life. On the other, to keep expenses to a minimum they must limit the use of services, increase efficiency, shorten the time spent with each patient, and use specialists sparingly!

Epistemology

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-117
Author(s):  
Paul Helm
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Divine Revelation ◽  
Divine Sovereignty ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Birth ◽  
True Knowledge ◽  
John Owen

For Edwards, epistemology went hand in hand with metaphysics, both intellectually and biographically, from his teenage years. The philosophical influences were Locke and Berkeley, and Malebranche as well with his Calvinistic emphasis on divine sovereignty, considered as an activity that was both transcendent, in God’s upholding of all reality, and his disclosure of himself in a wide range of sources, in his divine revelation in Scripture, in the experience of the effects of the new birth of his elect, and in his scientist’s interest in the flora and fauna of his New England environment. True knowledge of divine revelation was supernatural, through the imparting of divine light immediately to the soul in the possession of what he called a ‘new sense’. Beside those mentioned, he was influenced by St. Augustine and by the Puritan John Owen.

Benthic Nepheloid Layers along the U.S. GEOTRACES GA03 Transect in the Western North Atlantic: Characterization and Influence on 230Th and 231Pa Cycling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyuan Sean Chen ◽  
Olivier Marchal ◽  
Paul Lerner ◽  
Daniel McCorkle ◽  
Michiel Rutgers van der Loeff
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Particle Concentration ◽  
Sediment Resuspension ◽  
Fine Sediments ◽  
Optical Instruments ◽  
Sensitivity Tests ◽  
Continental Slopes ◽  
Chemical Oceanography ◽  
Western Segment ◽  
The U.S

&lt;p&gt;Benthic nepheloid layers (BNLs) are particle-rich layers that can extend over a thousand meter or more above the seafloor and are thought to be produced by the resuspension of fine sediments from strong bottom currents. They can often be subdivided into two sublayers: (i) a lower sublayer in contact with the seabed, where particle concentrations are the largest and which roughly coincides with the bottom mixed layer (BML); and (ii) an upper sublayer in which particle concentration decreases up to a clear water minimum (CWM). Although BNLs have long been recognised in vertical traces of optical instruments lowered to abyssal depths, their influence on ocean biogeochemical cycles &amp;#8211; on the cycling of particle-reactive metals in particular &amp;#8211; remains poorly understood.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this study, we characterize the BNLs observed between the New England continental shelf and Bermuda and explore their influence on the cycling of &lt;sup&gt;230&lt;/sup&gt;Th and &lt;sup&gt;231&lt;/sup&gt;Pa &amp;#8211; two naturally-occurring particle-reactive radionuclides that have found different applications in chemical oceanography and paleoceanography. To this end, we use concomitant measurements of temperature, salinity, particle concentration derived from light beam transmissometry, and &lt;sup&gt;230&lt;/sup&gt;Th and &lt;sup&gt;231&lt;/sup&gt;Pa activities in the dissolved and particulate fractions, which have been collected along the western segment of the U.S. GEOTRACES GA03 transect. We estimate that the thickness of strong BNLs (particle concentration &gt; 20 &amp;#181;g l&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;) varied from about 72 to 1358 m between different deep stations. At all stations, particle concentrations below the CWM were the highest in the BML, whose thickness ranged from 95 to 320 m, and decreased generally with height above the seafloor. A simplified model of particle-radionuclide cycling in the deep water column, which includes a particle source representing sediment resuspension at topographic reliefs and their subsequent lateral transport, is fitted to observed profiles of particle concentration and radionuclide activities at two selected stations. The model can reproduce simultaneously the increase of particle concentration with depth, the low dissolved activities in the BNLs, and the extremely large particulate activities near the bottom. Analysis of &lt;sup&gt;230&lt;/sup&gt;Th and &lt;sup&gt;231&lt;/sup&gt;Pa budgets reveals that the behaviour of both radionuclides in the BNL is fundamentally different from that envisioned in reversible exchange theory. Sensitivity tests with the model suggest that lateral particle sources near continental slopes and similar reliefs can produce significant biases in the paleoceanographic applications of both radionuclides, including the &lt;sup&gt;230&lt;/sup&gt;Th-normalization method and the interpretation of sediment &lt;sup&gt;231&lt;/sup&gt;Pa/&lt;sup&gt;230&lt;/sup&gt;Th records.&lt;/p&gt;

Advancing an Ecosystem Approach in the Gulf of Maine

2012 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Maine ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Fishing Industry ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Georges Bank ◽  
The West ◽  
Management Guidance ◽  
Natural Foods

<i>Abstract</i>.—The Gulf of Maine (GoM) may have defined borders to some, but to the Canadian fishing industry, it carries a flow of larvae, nutrients, and other resources that help sustain the fishery from Georges Bank to the West Scotian Slope to the Bay of Fundy and all points in between. The GoM provides a source of wealth to people and communities, as well as supplying what may be one of the last natural foods on the planet. The fishing industry has been using the GoM for centuries, yet it is only recently that monitoring and data gathering has been taking place. In my opinion, we can extract much more value from the fisheries than we presently do. If the fisheries resource of the GoM is not delivering its full potential, who is ultimately responsible and accountable? In the past decade, transboundary groundfish resources from Georges Bank have been successfully managed through the Transboundary Management Guidance Committee. We can improve decision making even further in a greater ecosystem context, recognizing that decisions have to be made with the information available. An ecosystem approach to fisheries proposes a pragmatic view based on assessing the risk of not meeting agreed objectives.

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