scholarly journals Forming Autonomous Citizens – The Role of Education

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-26
Author(s):  
Eleni Mousena
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Educational Context ◽  
Major Goal ◽  
Intellectual Autonomy ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Political Literacy ◽  
Democratic Principles

Forming intellectually autonomous and active citizens is a major goal of education. Several areas of autonomy can be identified in education, such as school autonomy, curriculum autonomy, educators' autonomy, and the formation of autonomous citizens. The development of intellectual autonomy is realized, first and foremost, through the content of social studies and political literacy within an educational context of democratic principles of operation. The aim of this paper is to explore the concept of intellectual autonomy and the parameters by means of which intellectual autonomy is fostered through formal education. This paper involves a theoretical meta-analysis of the subject. It is concluded that school constitutes a primary context for developing political literacy, which achieves its goal by being able to shape intellectually autonomous and active citizens who can understand the significance of collective social action and gain self-fulfillment.

Adequacy of health literacy and its effect on diabetes self-management: a meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 458
Author(s):  
Xiu-mei Guo ◽  
Xia Zhai ◽  
Bo-ru Hou
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Factors Affecting

This study evaluated the role of health literacy (HL) in the self-management of diabetes. A literature search was conducted in electronic databases and studies were selected using precise eligibility criteria. A meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the HL adequacy rate, factors affecting the adequacy of HL and correlations between HL and diabetes self-management variables. Thirty-three studies were included in the analysis. The HL adequacy rate was 67% (95% confidence interval (CI) 57, 76). Compared with patients with inadequate HL, patients with adequate HL were younger (mean difference –5.2 years; 95% CI −7.2, −3.2; P<0.00001), more likely to have a high school or higher level of education (odds ratio (OR) 8.39; 95% CI 5.03, 13.99]; P<0.00001) and were less likely to belong to a low-income group (OR 0.36; 95% CI 0.23, 0.56; P<0.00001). HL was positively correlated with self-monitoring (r=0.19; 95% CI 0.11, 0.27; P<0.00001), dietary and physical care (r=0.12; 95% CI 0.07, 0.18; P=0.009), diabetes knowledge (r=0.29; 95% CI 0.09, 0.45; P<0.001), self-efficacy (r=0.28; 95% CI 0.15, 0.41; P<0.00001), self-care (0.24; 95% CI 0.16, 0.31; P<0.00001), formal education (r=0.35; 95% CI 0.18, 0.53; P<0.00001) and social support (r=0.2; 95% CI 0.07, 0.33; P<0.00001). Patient age (r=−0.28; 95% CI −0.39, −0.17; P<0.00001) was inversely correlated with HL. In conclusion, 67% of diabetes patients had adequate HL, with a higher rate among better educated and higher income groups. HL had a statistically significant but weak positive correlation with diabetes self-management variables.

scholarly journals KEGIATAN LITERASI 15 MENIT TERHADAP MINAT BACA KELAS IV SD NEGERI SALATIGA 05

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
Alfa Reza Silvia Putri
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Literacy Activities ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Reading Interest ◽  
Literacy Activity

THE 15 MINUTE LITERATION ACTIVITIES AGAINST READING INTEREST OF 4TH GRADERS SD NEGERI SALATIGA 05This research aims to find out the reading interest of 4th graders SD Negeri Salatiga 05 after 15 minutes of literacy activity. This research is used qualitativ descriptive approach. The subject of this research is 4th graders students of SD Negeri Salatiga 05. Data collection was done using observation and questionnaire methods. The result of this research found several students who experienced an increase in reading interest after literacy activities were conducted, but there are still students who have low reading interest. The low interest in reading students is due to lack of attention and motivation towards books and the lack of the role of the teacher. The role of the teacher is very important, this teacher must understand the characteristics of each student's characteristics. Reading interest is felt to be very important because reading is an important part of growing character and competitive capital in the 21st century. This 15-minute literacy activity is one of the government's efforts to increase students' interest in reading in Indonesia to create a culture of literacy in formal education.

EDUCATIONAL CAPITAL AS A CONSTITUTIVE FACTOR OF THE CONTEMPORARY SOCIO-MORAL ORDER

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Joanna Juszczyk-Rygallo
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Moral Order ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Educational Capital ◽  
The Face ◽  
Educational Need ◽  
Democratic Principles ◽  
Constitutive Factor

Modern societies need mainly extensive educational resources for their development. The basic educational need in this area is the possibility of establishing contacts between groups of cooperating people and in this way building educational capital. Simultaneously, increasing role of education is accompanied by its crisis, which is said to be overcome by changing paradigms in social structure. In the face of formal education crisis, processes of building educational capital are transferred informally to social websites. The resource which is educational capital is one of the key factors determining the disposition of a given society for the development and maintenance of socio-moral order, based on democratic principles of social life. The cult of education begins to develop as a panacea for pains of the transforming society. Access to educational services becomes more and more important and even more significant than other human rights. As far as social development is concerned, role of technocracy (possession of knowledge) loses its significance and role of educracy - ideology of pervasive education - is growing (ability to make use of acquired knowledge). The conducted analysis attempts to answer the question of whether and to what extent educational capital is a constitutive resource of social and moral. 

The Role of Tumor Volume on Outcome in Prostate Cancer after Prostatectomy

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 233-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber G. Brannan ◽  
Peter A.S. Johnstone
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Gleason Score ◽  
Tumor Volume ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Volume Effect ◽  
Pubmed Search ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Disease Free

Objective: Significant study has been made of the role of tumor volume contributing to outcome in prostate cancer: almost two dozen studies have been published on the subject, without clear results either for or against a relationship. Methods: An extensive MEDLINE and PUBMED search yielded fourteen articles involving >10,600 patients describing analyses of institutional prostate cancer experiences including tumor volume after radical prostatectomy (RP). Studies were included if multivariate analysis (MVA) was performed including a variable related to tumor volume. All studies had a common outcome of biochemical disease-free (bNED) survival. Results: The more rigorous the MVA performed, the more likely tumor volume was to be independently predictive. When the analysis included only tumor volume and Gleason score, studies agreed on outcome half the time. As more variables were added to the analysis, the degree of concordance increased. The two studies with most complete MVAs concur in a volume effect on outcome in over 1470 patients. Conclusion: While no meta-analysis on the subject is possible without knowing particulars of each reported case, tumor volume as a predictive variable is likely to be less important than more frequently analyzed factors such as Gleason score and PSA. However, the studies that most completely address the complex and competing variables impacting bNED survival in prostate cancer are those that describe a relationship of tumor volume on outcome.

Citizenship, identity and belonging

2019 ◽  
pp. 25-50
Author(s):  
Carol Vincent
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Citizenship Education ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
Vast Literature ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Democratic Principles ◽  
Citizenship Identity

Chapter 2 is split into three main parts. The first part discusses an approach to citizenship that stresses affect, and then moves on to explore some of the vast literature around citizenship and nationalism, focusing on what Conversi refers to as the ‘deliberate cultivation of common [national] allegiances’ (2014 p.28) and the role of universal democratic principles in so doing. I draw attention to the arguments of several commentators that asserting a national identity through commitment to apparently universal liberal democratic principles often obscures the existence of narrower cultural and ethnic understandings of belonging. Second, Chapter 2 considers the role of citizenship education in promoting national and global belonging, and identifies some of the recent developments in the subject. Third, it discusses these recent developments in England and elsewhere, including the entanglement with counter-extremist policies.

The Hamilton and Zuk Hypothesis Revisited: a Meta-Analytical Approach

Behaviour ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 134 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 299-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Poulin ◽  
William J. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Fish Morphology ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Host Parasite

AbstractThe Hamilton & Zuk (1982) hypothesis of parasite-mediated sexual selection has been the subject of both inter- and intraspecific tests. Past reviews have used vote counting to determine whether this hypothesis is supported by empirical evidence. This study reanalysed 199 separate quantitative assessments of a central prediction of the Hamilton & Zuk hypothesis using meta-analytical techniques. Overall, our meta-analysis showed that there was a significant negative effect of parasites on male showiness as predicted. However the magnitude of this effect varied between host taxa and between endo and ectoparasitic taxa. As a whole intraspecific correlations between parasite load and male showiness provided very little support for the hypothesis with only the effect of parasites on fish morphology matching the Hamilton & Zuk prediction. There was more support for the hypothesis from interspecific studies especially those based upon the original Hamilton & Zuk (1982) data set, although other bird studies provided weaker support. The generality of the Hamilton & Zuk hypothesis in respect to parasite mediated sexual selection across taxa is thrown into doubt by these results. However, in some specific host-parasite systems the role of parasites appears important and future intraspecific tests of parasite-mediated sexual selection should perhaps focus on such systems.

scholarly journals Ratna Ghosh and Mathew Zachariah (eds) Education and the Process of Change. New Delhi: Sage Publications India Pvt. Ltd. 1987.301 pp. Price Rs 190.00 (Hardbound Edition).

1990 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-95
Author(s):  
Ziaul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Common People ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Education In India ◽  
Mcgill University ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Education And Social Change

Is formal education in India a sort of indoctrination by economic and political elites to perpetuate their dominance over the common people? Does the Indian system of education at all levels really promote economic growth? What social classes benefit from public education? What role does education play in cultural revitalization, social mobility, and social progress? Does education help in reducing the fertility rates to control popUlation growth? What is the role of education in eliminating child labour and in liberating the oppressed female and rural populations from ignorance, misery, and poverty? These are some of the major questions which comprise the subject-matter of the fourteen articles of this important book. These papers were presented by eminent Indian scholars at a conference on "Education and Social Change in India: Reinterpretations and New Directions", held at McGill University, Montreal (Canada) in June 1985, and published later in Delhi.

Chronic Pain: Fundamental Scientific Considerations, Specifically for Legal Claims

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Barth
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Problematic Relationship

Abstract Scientific findings have indicated that psychological and social factors are the driving forces behind most chronic benign pain presentations, especially in a claim context, and are relevant to at least three of the AMA Guides publications: AMA Guides to Evaluation of Disease and Injury Causation, AMA Guides to Work Ability and Return to Work, and AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment. The author reviews and summarizes studies that have identified the dominant role of financial, psychological, and other non–general medicine factors in patients who report low back pain. For example, one meta-analysis found that compensation results in an increase in pain perception and a reduction in the ability to benefit from medical and psychological treatment. Other studies have found a correlation between the level of compensation and health outcomes (greater compensation is associated with worse outcomes), and legal systems that discourage compensation for pain produce better health outcomes. One study found that, among persons with carpal tunnel syndrome, claimants had worse outcomes than nonclaimants despite receiving more treatment; another examined the problematic relationship between complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) and compensation and found that cases of CRPS are dominated by legal claims, a disparity that highlights the dominant role of compensation. Workers’ compensation claimants are almost never evaluated for personality disorders or mental illness. The article concludes with recommendations that evaluators can consider in individual cases.

Top-Down Processing and Visual Reorientation Illusions in a Virtual Reality Environment

2004 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred W. Mast ◽  
Charles M. Oman
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Line Length ◽  
Perceptual Cues ◽  
Virtual Reality Environment ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Processing Mechanisms

The role of top-down processing on the horizontal-vertical line length illusion was examined by means of an ambiguous room with dual visual verticals. In one of the test conditions, the subjects were cued to one of the two verticals and were instructed to cognitively reassign the apparent vertical to the cued orientation. When they have mentally adjusted their perception, two lines in a plus sign configuration appeared and the subjects had to evaluate which line was longer. The results showed that the line length appeared longer when it was aligned with the direction of the vertical currently perceived by the subject. This study provides a demonstration that top-down processing influences lower level visual processing mechanisms. In another test condition, the subjects had all perceptual cues available and the influence was even stronger.

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