scholarly journals COVID-19 significant effect on global international economic relations

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Tariro Portia Tendengu ◽  
Fadzai Mahere
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
International Economic Relations ◽  
Regional Organisations ◽  
Modes Of Interaction

The purpose of this paper is to reach the augment of COVID-19 effects on international economic relations. The globe has become a cohesive economic community with interdependence being fuelled by rising economies and the need to exchange technical know-how, goods and services. Globalization has turned the world into one unit with diversified limbs that work in tandem with each other, for instance the lesser the lesser developed countries need raw material to sustain their industries. Now because of the unforeseen emergence of COVID-19 pandemic, social, political and economic modes of interaction have been obstructed normally to curb the spread of the virus which has claimed lives in the hundreds of thousands to millions.This in turn has hindered in some cases  brought to a halt certain areas of the economy both internationally and nationally. Economic relations have been stunned by the introduction of COVID-19 measures like travel bans, limiting interactions between individuals and groups and limited time of operations for essential services. A desktop review analysis was used as the research methodology.  Data collection methods that were used included observations, focus group discussions and interviews. The targeted population included international, statutory and non-statutory organizations in Zimbabwe. Findings from the study concluded that closure of borders during the COVID-19 pandemic affected imports and exports of trade, COVID-19 led to the loss of labour though massive deaths and quarantine measures and the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on oil dependent counties was severe.` Recommendations from the research affirm that governments and regional organisations should reunite in the global context so as to face pandemics, policy makers should implement effective policies which address economic relations between countries and countries should better prepare for such threats like COVID-19 to economic relations and trade through enhancing technologies.

scholarly journals Model of analysis of the evolution of international economic exchanges

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-75
Author(s):  
Constantin Anghelache ◽  
Gabriela Victoria Anghelache ◽  
Mădălina-Gabriela Anghel
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
European Union ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Domestic Activity ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
International Economic Relations ◽  
Economic Exchanges

Abstract The economic activity of a country is achieved both by domestic activity and by international economic and technical-scientific exchanges. International commercial activity is a necessary one nowadays. This is because there is no state capable of performing an autarchic activity. Regardless of of the technical, scientific, resource, and level of development, any state needs to participate in international economic, technical and scientific exchanges. Through international economic exchanges, the need for resources, means of production, labor resources or goods and services is completed. Also in this economic activity of international exchanges is realized the capitalization of surplus production, goods and services, surplus fixed capital, which is offered for export or as a possibility of cooperation in international projects. Thus, the activity of international exchanges is a necessity for each state. Under the conditions of the European Union, in which Romania is a member, there are a number of facilities and in this respect they are being implemented or are being implemented under the European Directive on trade without borders. In this respect, between the Community countries, in the exchange of goods and services, protection measures such as the import tax are no longer practiced and VAT is no longer charged. The international economic exchanges are a significant role in the final result materialized in the level of gross domestic product achieved in each period of time. The countries that import and do it to supplement domestic needs means that they spend part of the value realized in domestic activity to make imports. The exports are made with surplus goods and services that go to other states. In the European Union there are intra-community economic exchanges, complemented by extra-community international economic relations. The authors have studied this aspect and have found that intra-community economic relations have developed more intensively than non-EU economic relations over the last period. In other respects, states are grouped into two categories, ie states with surplus international economic relations, ie states that export more than imports and the second group, countries with activities in the international deficient relations, which imports more than just exports. Comparison between exports and imports results in net exports that may be a surplus or deficit. Romania has always been a deficit country since 1990 and it has to be analyzed in the sense that, due to the difference in favor of imports, part of the gross domestic product made in Romania diminishes with this deficit. The authors, by analyzing this data, highlight how the activity of international economic exchanges has evolved.

Contemporary Challenges of International Economic Relations

2019 ◽  
pp. 152-167
Author(s):  
Vesna Petrovic
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Data Value ◽  
International Economic Relations ◽  
Trade Dynamics

The main aim of this chapter is to analyze the contemporary challenges that have affected movements in the global trade and investments, as well as their interdependence. The focus is on the causes and consequences of the fundamental changes in international economic relations. The analysis is based on the following data: value of world trade, dynamics, and structure of exchange. Contemporary faces of the world economy such as transnationalization, intra-sector trade, increasing discourse on whether foreign trade and FDIs represent substitutes or complements, have also been an unavoidable part of this chapter. Depending on the stage of development, global changes have specific consequences on developed countries and developing economies. The chapter in its final part focuses on the analysis of how global value chains are directly affecting the growth of international trade and flows of foreign capital through the inevitable role of multinational companies.

Developments in the Law and Institutions of International Economic Relations

1974 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Gold
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World War ◽  
Weighted Voting ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Weighted Voting System ◽  
International Economic Relations ◽  
Voting System

[Ed. Note: Since World War II the administration of international monetary, financial, and commodity agreements has been performed by institutions operating on weighted voting principles, the weight dependent largely on the stake of various countries in the assetsdisposed of through the agreement. There is much discussion now concerning the adoption of such a system for the trade field, perhaps through amendment of the GATT, or in codesof trade liberalization among developed countries. Mr. Gold's article, relating the limitations and problems attendant upon the operation of the weighted voting system in the International Monetary Ftmd, is therefore particularly timely. Stanley D. Metzger.]

scholarly journals Cost-effectiveness analysis of the international exchange of goods and services

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Cost Effectiveness Analysis ◽  
International Exchange ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Effectiveness Analysis ◽  
International Economic Relations ◽  
Economic Interaction

Presents patterns of economic interaction between countries in the international exchange of goods and services, factors of production and financial and credit flows. An analysis of international economic relations and Russia's relations with international organizations is considered.

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