Hungarian Accounts from the Ottoman Fronts of the First World War

2021 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-492
Author(s):  
Gábor Fodor
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Turkish Women ◽  
World War ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Military Chaplain ◽  
The First World War ◽  
War Correspondents ◽  
Historical Sites ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
First World

Even though the annexation of Bosnia by the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy in 1908 raised the tension between the Monarchy and the Ottomans, Hungaro-Turkish political, economic, and cultural relations significantly improved from the beginning of the twentieth century until the end of the First World War. With the eruption of the Great War these friendly relations turned into a war alliance, where suddenly the battlefields became fields of joint effort. As a consequence, the outbreak of the war caused intensification of mutual visits and the arrival of Hungarian soldiers, journalists, and even artists and religious representatives in greater numbers in the Ottoman Empire. In this paper the author mainly focuses on Hungarian accounts of different Ottoman fronts during the First World War, while not forgetting to put all these activities in the frame of the wartime alliance. War correspondents like Béla Landauer, István Dobay, and Jenő Heltai from different Hungarian journals, soldiers from the Austro-Hungarian Army like Dr Emil Vidéky and Dr László Király, the painter Géza Maróti, and even a military chaplain, Pál Schrotty left behind detailed memoirs of environments ranging from the picturesque Bay of Izmir to the desert of Palestine. These mostly unknown depictions reveal the cruelty of the war, research the healthcare system of the capital, and provide detailed accounts of the Berlin-Bagdad line and historical sites in the Empire, while also raising questions regarding the situation of Turkish women.

Arcybiskup generał brygady Sawa (Sowietow) 1898–1951: duszpasterz, żołnierz, obywatel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Grzybowski
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
First World War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Religious Service ◽  
World War ◽  
Military Chaplain ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

The books presents the life of archbishop brygadier general Sawa (Sowietow). The author explores its successive stages: young years during the First World War, priesthood in the Second Polish Republic, wanderings during the Second World War, service in Polish Armed Forces in the West (as the chief military chaplain of the Orthodox Church), and religious service among Polish citizens abroad after the Yalta Conference.

The Construction of Reputation and the Case of Debussy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Wheeldon
Keyword(s):  
Fine Arts ◽  
Family Members ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

This chapter considers some of the general mechanisms by which artistic figures are consecrated and weighs their relative contribution to the construction of Debussy’s reputation. Drawing on Gladys Engel Lang and Kurt Lang’s analysis of the survival of reputation in the fine arts, four areas emerge that would seem to be particularly relevant to Debussy: (1) the initiatives undertaken by the composer to establish his own legacy; (2) the posthumous reception of the corpus of works left behind; (3) the actions of heirs and family members on behalf of the deceased: and (4) the efforts of the composer’s close friends and collaborators. Yet, as Chapter 1 demonstrates, the first two were rendered less effective because of the particularities of Debussy’s case—namely, his protracted illness and his death during the First World War.

The refugee question in Bulgaria before, during and after the First World War

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolai Vukov
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
World War ◽  
Balkan Wars ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First World

This chapter focuses on the circumstances of displacement, the reception and settlement of refugees, and the state’s attempts to address the political, economic and social shock of accepting thousands of refugees from the lost territories. It outlines the centrality of the refugee issue to the development of the modern Bulgarian state particularly after the Balkan wars. The chapter focuses on three main episodes: before 1912, when a quarter of a million refugees already fled to Bulgaria whose population was around 4.5 million in 1912; between 1913 and 1918, when 120,000 refugees settled in the country; and in the years 1919-25 during which time Bulgaria witnessed the influx of an additional 180,000 refugees. Some consideration is given to prevailing social and economic conditions, such as the impact of refugees on urban and rural life in Bulgaria, and to the role of refugee relief organisations. Attention is also devoted to the international repercussions of the refugee crisis.

A “POLYGONAL” RELATIONSHIP: THEODORE ROOSEVELT, THE UNITED STATES AND EUROPE

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-106
Author(s):  
John M. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mass Culture ◽  
The United States ◽  
First World War ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
World War ◽  
Theodore Roosevelt ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
First World

As Eric Hobsbawm recounts in his classic work, The Age of Empire: 1875–1914, the final decades of the nineteenth century and the initial decades of the twentieth century were years of enormous change and activity across the globe. It was the apogee of imperialism for the West; mass, or at least more broadly based, democracy emerged in many countries; total wealth increased dramatically; technological changes greatly reduced travel times and facilitated rapid, even instantaneous, communication between states and continents, which, in turn, allowed the spread of mass culture in a way the world had never seen before. At the center of these events were the great powers of Europe—in particular Britain, France, Germany, Russia, and Austria-Hungary—and the United States. Indeed, the interaction between Europe's great powers and the United States drove much of the political, economic, cultural, and technological ferment that culminated in the First World War. No American played a more important role in this process than Theodore Roosevelt, and this special issue is devoted to exploring key facets of TR's, and by extension his country's, relationship with Europe.

scholarly journals Tales of the Horrors of War: Analysing Select Indian Fictions on World War I

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Shahnawaz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
First World War ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
World War ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Non Fiction ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Indian Men ◽  
First World

Conscription of Indian men from different states and ethnicities were recruited to fight in the First World War for the British in foreign lands, while Indian resources kept the Allies going. The discursive reduction of it quantified India to merely numbers, of soldiers given, soldiers lost, tons of food sent, and money spent. The Indian Movement for Independence as an act of political negotiation with the British masters had warranted the cultural amnesia of the Indian intellectual class about the War’s impact to focus on the more vital demand, and how easily were all the unwanted marks of the War hidden and left behind. Thus, my paper will examine the representation of War in India and identify the ways in which Indian involvements in the War remain unacknowledged in the contemporary period through select works of fiction and non-fiction by Indian authors. Therefore, it is a pressing concern that much of the information about the World War I from an Indian perspective is lost, or is on the verge of being lost forever, because of the general apathy towards the preservation of such materials. This engagement with the First World War is not acknowledged the way it should be, since most of these works are not even categorized or identified as ‘war literature’ even if their sole concern remained precisely that. It is also important in this regard to understand the inclusion of the World War I in the silences and the omissions. Therefore, I will analyse select literary texts by Indian authors to evaluate the intersections of fiction and history alongside the enunciation of the unknown/forgotten voices of the marginalized people in the World War I.

Communities in Exile

2020 ◽  
pp. 180-202
Author(s):  
Alex Dowdall
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
First World War ◽  
The State ◽  
World War ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Forced Displacement ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
First World

Chapter 6 discusses the relationships of refugees from the front-line towns to the bombarded communities they left behind. It outlines the size of the refugee populations from the front-line towns, and maps their destinations within the French interior. It demonstrates that most refugees from the front-line towns experienced forced displacement alongside others from their home communities, and that this geography of displacement allowed refugees to remain socially, emotionally, and imaginatively involved in their bombarded home communities. In this way, refugees remained members of the front-line communities, even while displaced. To date, the refugee history of the First World War has focused on the attitudes of the state and host communities in the interior towards refugees. This chapter, in contrast, makes a significant contribution to the historiography by focusing on the attitudes and actions of refugees themselves. Using refugee newspapers, diaries, and a previously unknown collection of letters, it argues that refugees from the front-line towns were not merely the passive recipients of state and charitable aid, but could actively shape the conditions of their exile by remaining invested in their abandoned home towns and making appeals based on their French citizenship.

scholarly journals The Democratic Conference and the Pre-Parliament in Russia, 1917: Class, Nationality, and the Building of a Postimperial Community

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Ivan Sablin
Keyword(s):  
Community Building ◽  
First World War ◽  
Political Community ◽  
Russian Civil War ◽  
World War ◽  
Top Down ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
First World

Abstract The article offers a detailed analysis of the debates at the All-Russian Democratic Conference and in the Provisional Council of the Russian Republic (the Pre-Parliament), which followed the proclamation of the republic on September 1, 1917, and predated the Bolshevik-led insurgency on October 25. The two assemblies were supposed to help resolve the multilayered political, economic, and military crises of the First World War and the Revolution by consolidating a Russian postimperial political community and establishing a solid government. The debates demonstrated that grievances and antagonism, which were articulated in terms of class and nationality, made the idea of a broad nationalist coalition unpopular, since it would halt agrarian and other reforms and continue the negligence of non-Russian groups. Furthermore, those who still called for all-Russian national or civic unity split on the issue of community-building. The top-down, homogenizing and bottom-up, composite approaches proved irreconcilable and precluded a compromise between non-socialist and moderate socialist groups. The two assemblies hence failed to ensure a peaceful continuation of the postimperial transformation and did not lead to a broad coalition against right and left radicalism. The divisions, which were articulated in the two assemblies, translated into the main rifts of the Russian Civil War.

Dr Stanisław Michałek-Grodzki (1889?1951) – twórca polskiej szkoły chirurgii plastycznej

Nowa Medycyna ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Ciesielska
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
First World War ◽  
Medical Documentation ◽  
World War ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
Plastic And Reconstructive Surgery ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Surgery Department ◽  
First World

Dr Stanisław Michałek-Grodzki was the first plastic surgeon in Poland. To obtain the appropriate qualifications he was trained in foreign clinics in France, Italy and Czechoslovakia. During the First World War he was a military doctor. From the early 1930s, he sought to create a clinic for people requiring reconstructive and plastic surgery, and to create a special plastic surgery department. During the German occupation of Poland, he worked at the Ujazdowski Hospital in Warsaw, where he performed hundreds of reconstruction operations to save injured Polish soldiers from disability. Despite the imminent danger, he performed procedures reversing the effects of circumcision on Jews hiding on the so-called Aryan side. In 1951 he became the director of the first hospital in Poland dealing in plastic and reconstructive surgery. He left behind unpublished medical documentation, including photos, radiographs and videos of his procedures, and a book of his own authorship.

An Avant-garde Theological Generation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Kirwan
Keyword(s):  
Social Engagement ◽  
First World War ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
World War ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
First World

This book offers a clearer understanding of the nouvelle théologie, an influential French reform movement that flourished during the 1930s and 1940s, championed ressourcement, or, a ‘return to the sources’, and hoped to build a certain rapprochement with modernity by appropriating the historical method, aspects of phenomenology, and social engagement. Comprised of theologians and philosophers from the Jesuit theologate Fourvière in Lyon and the Dominican house at Le Saulchoir in Belgium, they were led by such figures as Henri de Lubac, Jean Daniélou, Marie Dominique Chenu, and Yves Congar. After identifying a lacuna in the secondary literature, the book remedies certain historical deficiencies by constructing a history more sensitive to the wider intellectual, political, economic, and cultural milieu of the French interwar crisis, that establishes continuity with the Modernist crisis and the First World War. It examines the modern French avant-garde generations that shaped intellectual and political thought in France. The historical narrative examines various stages of older generational influence on the development of the nouveaux théologiens, including the influence of the Modernists as well as older generations of Jesuit and Dominican mentors. Moreover, the effects of the First World War are examined, as is their religious formation in the 1920s, the emergence of their wider generation during the crisis years of the 1930s, and their own participation in the wider intellectual thirst for revolution. It explores the 1940s, when the generation of 1930 rose to prominence and the global triumph of their thought during the 1960s.

Sorana Țopa - A destiny under the wing of time

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-319
Author(s):  
Carmen Antochi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
First World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The City ◽  
First World

Abstract During the first world war, the city of Iasi played the role of the ‘wartime capital’ of Romania. Besides the political-economic structures, The National Theatres of Bucharest and Craiova moved temporarily to Iasi, leading to Iasi being a cultural capital as well, a reputation which it has kept even to this day. In the interwar period, Romania blossomed culturally unlike ever before, a true intellectual, cultural and artistic revival under the influence of the currents travelling through European stages. In spite of the laurels earned, the name of Sorana Topa is too little known. Formed by the Iasi theatre school, noticed and hired by the national theather of iasi by Marin Sadoveanu, promoted by the previous directors of Iasi theatre, she is offered the chance to study in Paris along with her stage colleagues Aurel and Maria Ghițescu.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document