Dr Stanisław Michałek-Grodzki (1889?1951) – twórca polskiej szkoły chirurgii plastycznej

Nowa Medycyna ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Ciesielska
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
First World War ◽  
Medical Documentation ◽  
World War ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
Plastic And Reconstructive Surgery ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Surgery Department ◽  
First World

Dr Stanisław Michałek-Grodzki was the first plastic surgeon in Poland. To obtain the appropriate qualifications he was trained in foreign clinics in France, Italy and Czechoslovakia. During the First World War he was a military doctor. From the early 1930s, he sought to create a clinic for people requiring reconstructive and plastic surgery, and to create a special plastic surgery department. During the German occupation of Poland, he worked at the Ujazdowski Hospital in Warsaw, where he performed hundreds of reconstruction operations to save injured Polish soldiers from disability. Despite the imminent danger, he performed procedures reversing the effects of circumcision on Jews hiding on the so-called Aryan side. In 1951 he became the director of the first hospital in Poland dealing in plastic and reconstructive surgery. He left behind unpublished medical documentation, including photos, radiographs and videos of his procedures, and a book of his own authorship.

Hungarian Accounts from the Ottoman Fronts of the First World War

2021 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-492
Author(s):  
Gábor Fodor
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Turkish Women ◽  
World War ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Military Chaplain ◽  
The First World War ◽  
War Correspondents ◽  
Historical Sites ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
First World

Even though the annexation of Bosnia by the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy in 1908 raised the tension between the Monarchy and the Ottomans, Hungaro-Turkish political, economic, and cultural relations significantly improved from the beginning of the twentieth century until the end of the First World War. With the eruption of the Great War these friendly relations turned into a war alliance, where suddenly the battlefields became fields of joint effort. As a consequence, the outbreak of the war caused intensification of mutual visits and the arrival of Hungarian soldiers, journalists, and even artists and religious representatives in greater numbers in the Ottoman Empire. In this paper the author mainly focuses on Hungarian accounts of different Ottoman fronts during the First World War, while not forgetting to put all these activities in the frame of the wartime alliance. War correspondents like Béla Landauer, István Dobay, and Jenő Heltai from different Hungarian journals, soldiers from the Austro-Hungarian Army like Dr Emil Vidéky and Dr László Király, the painter Géza Maróti, and even a military chaplain, Pál Schrotty left behind detailed memoirs of environments ranging from the picturesque Bay of Izmir to the desert of Palestine. These mostly unknown depictions reveal the cruelty of the war, research the healthcare system of the capital, and provide detailed accounts of the Berlin-Bagdad line and historical sites in the Empire, while also raising questions regarding the situation of Turkish women.

The Construction of Reputation and the Case of Debussy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Wheeldon
Keyword(s):  
Fine Arts ◽  
Family Members ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

This chapter considers some of the general mechanisms by which artistic figures are consecrated and weighs their relative contribution to the construction of Debussy’s reputation. Drawing on Gladys Engel Lang and Kurt Lang’s analysis of the survival of reputation in the fine arts, four areas emerge that would seem to be particularly relevant to Debussy: (1) the initiatives undertaken by the composer to establish his own legacy; (2) the posthumous reception of the corpus of works left behind; (3) the actions of heirs and family members on behalf of the deceased: and (4) the efforts of the composer’s close friends and collaborators. Yet, as Chapter 1 demonstrates, the first two were rendered less effective because of the particularities of Debussy’s case—namely, his protracted illness and his death during the First World War.

Excavations and Prehistoric Discoveries in France (1940–1944)

1945 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 39-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Raymond Lantier
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
National Centre ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Learned Societies ◽  
First Time ◽  
First World

During these four hard years of German occupation and in spite of hindrances of all kinds—preliminary permits to be obtained, censorship and severe limitations imposed on the liberty of the scientific press—research and the publication of works on our national antiquities have not meanwhile been interrupted. Excavations have been carried on with an activity, which the struggles for liberation during the summer of 1944, have not invariably retarded. The reviews and publications of the learned societies of the departments, although perceptibly reduced in bulk, continued to record discoveries and to print erudite articles. A new documentary review, Gallia: Excavations and Archaeological Monuments of Metropolitan France, was even published for the first time in 1943. Edited under the aegis of the National Centre for Scientific Research, its object is to publish, with the least delay possible, the reports of excavators upon their discoveries. Such results could not have been attained without the co-operation of all archaeologists, editors and printers, in fulfilling a single and imperative duty, namely, to assure the continuity of French archaeology in spite of the uncertainties and distress of the period. This amounted moreover, at the same time to a form of service and was one of the aspects of resistance to the invader. All were thus only following the example, set at the time of the first world war by Camille Jullian, the great historian of Gaul, who then placed his science and his eloquence at the service of his country. The book, dedicated to him by Albert Grenier, is no mere biography; it traces another page of the history and archaeology of contemporary France.

scholarly journals Tales of the Horrors of War: Analysing Select Indian Fictions on World War I

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Shahnawaz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
First World War ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
World War ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Non Fiction ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Indian Men ◽  
First World

Conscription of Indian men from different states and ethnicities were recruited to fight in the First World War for the British in foreign lands, while Indian resources kept the Allies going. The discursive reduction of it quantified India to merely numbers, of soldiers given, soldiers lost, tons of food sent, and money spent. The Indian Movement for Independence as an act of political negotiation with the British masters had warranted the cultural amnesia of the Indian intellectual class about the War’s impact to focus on the more vital demand, and how easily were all the unwanted marks of the War hidden and left behind. Thus, my paper will examine the representation of War in India and identify the ways in which Indian involvements in the War remain unacknowledged in the contemporary period through select works of fiction and non-fiction by Indian authors. Therefore, it is a pressing concern that much of the information about the World War I from an Indian perspective is lost, or is on the verge of being lost forever, because of the general apathy towards the preservation of such materials. This engagement with the First World War is not acknowledged the way it should be, since most of these works are not even categorized or identified as ‘war literature’ even if their sole concern remained precisely that. It is also important in this regard to understand the inclusion of the World War I in the silences and the omissions. Therefore, I will analyse select literary texts by Indian authors to evaluate the intersections of fiction and history alongside the enunciation of the unknown/forgotten voices of the marginalized people in the World War I.

scholarly journals Een nieuwe kijk op de Vlamse Hogeschool. De Duitse bezettingspolitiek en de universiteiten van Gent en Warschau tijdens de Eerste Wereldoorlog in een transnationaal perspectief

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-167
Author(s):  
Kristof Loockx
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Policy ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
The First World War ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
National Perspective ◽  
Sphere Of Influence ◽  
First World

Dit artikel belicht de Duitse bezettingspolitiek en de universitaire hervormingen te Gent en te Warschau tijdens de Eerste Wereldoorlog. Hoewel beide hervormingen vrij goed zijn bestudeerd, heeft een comparatief vergelijk amper aandacht gekregen in de historiografie. Nochtans brengt een confrontatie van de Duitse cultuurpolitiek in de twee regio’s heel wat inzichten naar voren. Het transnationaal perspectief laat namelijk zien dat een nieuw licht wordt geworpen op de (Vlaams-)nationalistische kaders waarin de Vlaamse Hogeschool meestal geplaatst wordt. Geboren uit hetzelfde Duitse annexionisme – ditmaal via de omweg van het culturele en intellectuele leven – schreef het bezettingsregime een ambitieus plan uit, door in te spelen op de heersende kwesties met als doel de Duitse invloedssfeer in Europa uit te breiden. Gezien de uiteenlopende context waarin de strijd voor het hoger onderwijs tot wasdom was gekomen, ontwikkelde het bezettingsregime een programma op maat van beide regio’s.________A new perspective on the Flemish University: The German occupation policy and the Universities of Ghent and Warsaw during the First World War from a trans-national perspective.This article analyses the German occupation policy and the university reforms in Ghent and Warsaw during the First World War. Although each of the reforms has been studied fairly well, a comparative study has hardly received any attention in the historiography. Nevertheless, an investigation of the German cultural policy in the two regions produces many insights. The trans-national perspective demonstrates in fact that a new light may be cast on the (Flemish) nationalistic contexts, in which the Flemish University is usually placed.Derived from the same German drive for annexation – this time via the detour of cultural and intellectual life – the occupying authorities worked out an ambitious plan by responding to the prevailing issues with the objective to expand the German sphere of influence in Europe. In view of the different context in which the struggle for higher education had matured, the occupying authorities developed a programme that was custom-made for each of the regions.

scholarly journals Letters of Orthodox Priests about the German Occupation of Estonia during the First World War

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Paert ◽  
James M. White
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
Main Complaint ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Complex Picture ◽  
War Propaganda ◽  
The One ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
First World

During the invasion of the Baltic provinces between 1915 and 1918, a large swathe of territory and its population fell under German control: this included Orthodox parishes and their priests. The clergy and laity thus had to face many new challenges: the behaviour of occupation forces, material deprivations, and the actions of Lutheran clerical and secular elites in the new context. This article focuses on the response to the advance of the German armies in 1915 and 1916 into the Baltic. On the one hand, the article addresses the preparation and execution of the evacuation of the clergy and the rhetoric that underpinned the process of evacuation. On the other hand, it examines the problem of the church life under occupation. As evident from the sermons and articles published in the ecclesiastical press, the Germans represented a major threat to the Orthodox faith, clergy, and church property. Thus most Orthodox institutions were evacuated from the Baltic in 1915. Finally, the article discusses the position of the Orthodox Church during German occupation of the Estonian islands seized by the imperial German navy on 3 November 1917 from the perspective of parish priests. The article is based on the letters written by priests to the bishop of Riga and provides a complex picture of the German occupation, much of which differs from the representation of Germans in Russian war propaganda. Most priests represented the German forces as being relatively respectful towards churches and the clergy: their main complaint against the soldiers was the seizure of food, horses, and property, with the concomitant disruptions and discomforts this caused. The more serious threat to Orthodoxy, according to this evidence, came not from Germans but from the Lutheran clergy, who allegedly used the opportunity afforded by the invasion to undermine the Orthodox Church’s position. This publication will provide a unique insight into religion under occupation during the First World War, revealing the difficulties of maintaining everyday religious life in a multiconfessional region during and after invasion.

Communities in Exile

2020 ◽  
pp. 180-202
Author(s):  
Alex Dowdall
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
First World War ◽  
The State ◽  
World War ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Forced Displacement ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
First World

Chapter 6 discusses the relationships of refugees from the front-line towns to the bombarded communities they left behind. It outlines the size of the refugee populations from the front-line towns, and maps their destinations within the French interior. It demonstrates that most refugees from the front-line towns experienced forced displacement alongside others from their home communities, and that this geography of displacement allowed refugees to remain socially, emotionally, and imaginatively involved in their bombarded home communities. In this way, refugees remained members of the front-line communities, even while displaced. To date, the refugee history of the First World War has focused on the attitudes of the state and host communities in the interior towards refugees. This chapter, in contrast, makes a significant contribution to the historiography by focusing on the attitudes and actions of refugees themselves. Using refugee newspapers, diaries, and a previously unknown collection of letters, it argues that refugees from the front-line towns were not merely the passive recipients of state and charitable aid, but could actively shape the conditions of their exile by remaining invested in their abandoned home towns and making appeals based on their French citizenship.

scholarly journals De Vlaamse afdeling van de Belgische Persbond en Wereldoorlog I (1887-1918)

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 112-123
Author(s):  
Romain Van Eenoo
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Field ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Specific Interests ◽  
First World

De Vlaamse afdeling van de Belgische Pers-bond kwam in Gent tot stand in 1888. Ze verenigde journalisten van alle politieke strekkingen met uitzondering van Vlaams-nationalistische. De verdediging van enkele specifieke belangen die deels ruimer en deels beperkter dan syndicale belangen waren, bleef het voornaamste bindmiddel. Op het politieke terrein bleef ze strikt neutraal. Onder het Duitse bezettingsregime van 1914-1918 bleef het merendeel van de journalisten actief, ondanks de censuur, wat na de oorlog tot spanningen leidde.________The Flemish Section of the Belgian Press Association and the First World War (1887-1918)The Flemish section of the Belgian Press Association came into being in Ghent in 1888. It united journalists from all political tendencies, expect Flemish nationalist. The defence of a few specific interests that were in some ways broader and in some ways narrower than union interests remained the primary link between members. On the political field, the Flemish section remained strictly neutral. Under the German occupation regime of 1914-1918 the majority of journalists remained active despite censorship, which led to tensions after the war.

The Quest for Masculinity in a Defeated France, 1940–1945

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Capdevila
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
First World War ◽  
Cultural Patterns ◽  
World War ◽  
Masculine Identity ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
Political Beliefs ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

This article provides a detailed analysis of the individuals who enrolled in Vichy fighting units at the end of the German occupation. Those groups were mostly created in late 1943 and early 1944, and acted as effective subsidiaries to German troops, treating civilians and partisans with extreme violence. The enrolment of those men was a consequence of their political beliefs, notably strong anti-communism. But the fact that their behaviour seems born of desperation (some were recruited after D-Day) is a hint that it was shaped according to other cultural patterns, especially an image of masculinity rooted in the memory of the First World War and developed, among others, according to fascist and Nazi ideologies: a manhood based on strength, the violence of warfare and the image of the soldier. This article provides an analysis based on judiciary documents from the time of the purge, with a careful reconstruction of personal trajectories and self discourse in order to understand the masculine identity these sometimes very young men tried to realise through political engagement in the guise of warriors.

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