scholarly journals Sucrose-Induced Tolerance to and Recovery from Deicing Salt Damage in Containerized Ilex aquifolium L. and Quercus robur L.

2006 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 277-285
Author(s):  
Sulaiman Al-Habsi ◽  
Glynn Percival
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Ilex Aquifolium ◽  
Deicing Salt ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
Leaf Necrosis ◽  
Induced Tolerance

Two outdoor experiments were conducted using containerized trees of the species holly (Ilex aquifolium L.) and English oak (Quercus robur L.) to determine the effectiveness and feasibility of sucrose to improve tolerance to and recovery from deicing salt (sodium chloride [NaCl]) damage. In experiment one, sucrose plus a water-only control was applied as a root drench to containerized stock. Seventy-two hours later, NaCl was applied to both tree species as a root drench. At day 15 after NaCl application, effects on leaf chlorophyll a and b, carotenoid (lutein, β-carotene, neoxanthin, α-carotene), xanthophyll (zeaxanthin, antheraxanthin, violaxanthin) concentration, leaf necrosis, and chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) were measured. In experiment 2, NaCl was applied as a root drench. At day 14 after NaCl application, plants were root drenched with sucrose plus a water-only control and recovery rates monitored by recording leaf necrosis, leaf chlorophyll concentration, and chlorophyll fluorescence over the proceeding 8 weeks. At week 8 after sucrose application, effects on tree growth were recorded. Sucrose was found to confer to both tree species a useful degree to tolerance to NaCl and improve recovery from salt-induced damage with promotion of photoxidative antioxidant pigments (carotenoids, xanthophylls) and chlorophylls strongly indicated as significantly contributing to the induction of NaCl tolerance.

scholarly journals Calcium-Induced Freezing and Salinity Tolerance in Evergreen Oak and Apple cv. ‘Golden Crown’

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-199
Author(s):  
Glynn Percival ◽  
Sally Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Evergreen Oak ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll Fluorescence

Greater variability in weather patterns and later spring frosts equate to poor winter hardiness, premature spring budbreak, and greater susceptibility to low-temperature damage and concomitant deicing salt application. A field trial was undertaken to determine the influence of a range of commercially available calcium fertilizers applied as foliar sprays on the freezing and salinity tolerance of two tree species, evergreen oak (Quercus ilex L.) and apple (Malus cv. ‘Golden Crown’). In all cases, application of calcium sprays increased twig, leaf, and root freezing and salt tolerance of both species as measured by leaf chlorophyll fluorescence and tissue electrolyte leakage bioassays. In the case of apple, a hardiness gain of 4.3°C (7.74°F) was recorded in twig tissue. In the case of evergreen oak, a hardiness gain of 2.1°C (3.78°F) was recorded in leaf tissue. After a –5°C (23°F) (apple) and –6.5°C (20°F) (evergreen oak) freezing stress, root electrolyte leakage values as a measure of cell membrane structural damage were 16% to 27% less in calcium-treated trees compared with noncalcium-treated controls. The salt concentration needed to cause 50% reductions in leaf chlorophyll fluorescence as a measure of photosynthetic efficiency rose by 0.2% to 1.2% in calcium-fertilized trees indicating a positive influence of calcium on enhancing leaf tissue tolerance to salt damage. Differences in the magnitude of freezing and salinity tolerance gained were noticeable between the calcium products used. In general, calcium hydroxide, calcium nitrate borate, and calcium metalosate improved twig, leaf, and root freezing and salt tolerance in both tree species to a greater degree than calcium chloride, calcium sulphate, calcium nitrate, and a calcium–magnesium complex. A significant correlation existed between increased freezing tolerance and internal tissue calcium content. Results of this study indicate that calcium sprays during late summer and fall can increase the freezing and salinity tolerance of evergreen oak and apple during the winter. This should be considered noteworthy for individuals involved in the management of trees in areas subject to subzero temperature fluctuations and/or concomitant applications of deicing salts in the form of sodium chloride.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Effects of Metamitron on Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Fruit Set in Apple and Peach

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. McArtney ◽  
John D. Obermiller ◽  
Consuelo Arellano
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Ionic Surfactant ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Commercial Thinning ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Relative Electron Transport Rate ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Relative Electron

The effects of foliar applications of the photosystem II (PSII) inhibitor metamitron on chlorophyll fluorescence and fruit set were compared in peach and apple trees. Metamitron increased dark-adapted chlorophyll fluorescence, measured as a reduction in Fv/Fm values, in both peaches and apples. Maximum suppression of the normalized ratio of variable fluorescence to maximum fluorescence (Fv/Fm) in peaches occurred 1 to 2 days after application and Fv/Fm values recovered by 7 days after treatment. The effects of metamitron on chlorophyll fluorescence were more persistent in apples compared with peaches. Fv/Fm values in apple declined within 2 days of treatment and did not start recovering until 5 days after treatment or longer. Concentrations of metamitron greater than 200 mg·L−1 were phytotoxic to peach leaves, reducing the leaf chlorophyll concentration as determined by SPAD measurements. At 300 mg·L−1, metamitron reduced fruit set in apple but not in peach. Inclusion of a non-ionic surfactant (Silwett L-77) with metamitron greatly increased its negative effect on Fv/Fm, quantum photosynthetic yield of PSII (ΦPSII), and relative electron transport rate (ETR). These results suggest that metamitron may be a useful thinner in apple but not in peach. Additional information is needed to understand how combining metamitron with existing thinning chemicals might enhance their activity. In particular, caution may be necessary if metamitron is applied as a tank mixture with commercial thinning products that have been formulated with a wetting agent.

scholarly journals A Phenotypic Search on Graft Compatibility in Grapevine

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Tedesco ◽  
Ana Pina ◽  
Pedro Fevereiro ◽  
Friedrich Kragler
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Internal Anatomy ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Pigment Contents ◽  
Graft Compatibility ◽  
Graft Success ◽  
Selection Of

Grafting is the most used propagation method in viticulture and is the unique control strategy against Phylloxera. Nevertheless, its practice remains limited mainly due to inconsistent graft success and difficulties in predicting graft compatibility responses of proposed scion–rootstock combinations, slowing down the selection of elite rootstocks. Aiming to identify optimal phenotypic parameters related to graft (in)compatibility, we used four clones of two grapevine cultivars that show different compatibility behavior when grafted onto the same rootstock. Several physiological parameters, internal anatomy of the graft union, chlorophyll fluorescence, and pigment contents of homo- and heterografts were monitored in a nursery-grafting context. The measurements highlighted enhanced performance of the heterografts due to rooting difficulties of Vitis vinifera homografts. This suggests that in viticulture, homografts should only be used as compatibility controls regarding qualitative attributes. By observing the internal anatomy of the union, we found that grapevines might require longer times for graft healing than anticipated. While Affinity Coefficients were not informative to assess incompatibility, leaf chlorophyll concentration analysis proved to be a more sensitive indicator of stress than the analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence. Overall, we conclude that graft take correlated best with callus formation at the graft junction three weeks after grafting.

Detection of Heterodera schachtii infestation in sugar beet by means of laser-induced and pulse amplitude modulated chlorophyll fluorescence

Nematology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Kiewnick ◽  
Walter Kühbauch ◽  
Astrid Schmitz ◽  
Iryna Tartachnyk ◽  
Richard Sikora
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Linear Discrimination ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll

AbstractTwo glasshouse experiments with sugar beet cvs Penta and Macarena inoculated, respectively, with 0 or 1500 and 0, 500, 1000 or 1500 juveniles of Heterodera schachtii, were conducted to estimate the capability of laser-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (LIF) and pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) chlorophyll fluorescence techniques to detect H. schachtii infestation and to differentiate between infestation levels. Fluorescence and gas exchange parameters, nitrogen and chlorophyll content of sugar beet leaves were measured weekly after nematode inoculation. Sugar beet plants responded to H. schachtii infestation initially with a decrease in photosynthesis rate and later with a reduction in nitrogen uptake and chlorophyll concentration. At the early stages of nematode infestation, before visual symptoms were evident, infested sugar beet plants displayed increased fluorescence (F680, F740). Later stages of infection were accompanied by an increase in the F686/F740 ratio, ground fluorescence (Fo) and a decrease in photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) induced by degradation of leaf chlorophyll. Sugar beet plants infested with 500, 1000 or 1500 juveniles per 100 cm3 of soil did not differ either in their nitrogen and chlorophyll content or in photosynthesis and transpiration rate. The linear discrimination analysis based on the combination of PAM and LIF parameters resulted in 100% correct classification of control plants and high classification rates (60-100%) of the infested treatments on all the sampling dates. Whether the fluorescence technique will differentiate nematode densities under field conditions needs further study.

Leaf chlorophyll fluorescence discriminates herbicide resistance inEchinochloaspecies

Weed Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 424-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
C J Zhang ◽  
S H Lim ◽  
J W Kim ◽  
G Nah ◽  
A Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll Fluorescence

Influence of vehicular emissions on metropolitan trees using chlorophyll contents

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
Babatunde Saheed Bada ◽  
Adeleke Taofik Towolawi ◽  
Ireyimika Esther Oyegbami
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Matrix Analysis ◽  
Vehicular Emissions ◽  
Vehicular Emission ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Carbon Sequestration Potential ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Specific Reactions

The study assessed carbon sequestration potential of the identified trees {Gmelina, Mango, Neem, Masquerade, Step and Cassia} along the five selected roadsides in Abeokuta metropolitan. Leaves of the identified trees were plucked, digested in triplicate and analysed for chlorophyll (Ch) A, B and A+B contents using UV-visible spectrophotometer. Obtained data were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics while correlation analysis for relationship between the analysed leaf Ch contents. Results indicated that leaf chlorophyll contents varied. The ranking of tree to metropolitan vehicular emission along roadsides was Neem < Gmelina < Mango < Masquerade tree. Correlation matrix analysis indicated that production of the Ch contents across the roadsides tree species was not alike and might be due to their specific reactions to vehicular emission. In conclusion, the order of Ch contents might be the tree species potential to withstand vehicular pollutants.

scholarly journals The Damage of Deicing Salt on Two Spruce Tree Species Planted along Roadsides in Northern Japan

2005 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1113-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masazumi KAYAMA ◽  
Ali M. QUORESHI ◽  
Yoshinori KITAHASHI ◽  
Yasunori NAKAGAWA ◽  
Yasuaki SAKAMOTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Deicing Salt ◽  
Northern Japan

scholarly journals Impact of Exposure to Low Temperature Degrees in Field Conditions on Leaf Pigments and Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Leaves of Mango Trees

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 30-45
Author(s):  
Ali A.S. Sayed ◽  
Farouk M. Gadallah ◽  
Mohamed A. Seif El-Yazal ◽  
Gamal A. Abdel-Samad
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical ◽  
Sampling Times ◽  
Fayoum Governorate

This experiment was conducted to found the connection between low temperature stress in vivo conditions (ambient-air temperature) and the changes in some physiological and biochemical events (leaf pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence) of mango trees in response to exposure to natural low temperature (cold). To verify this objective, 12 popular commonly mango cultivars (25 years old) which grown in private orchard in Fayoum Governorate, Egypt were selected for this study which carried out during the period from November to March of years; 2012 and 2013. The selected cultivars were: Alphonso, Baladi, Bullock's Heart, Helmand, Hindi Besennara, Mabrouka, Mestekawy, Nabeeh, Oweisi, Spates, Taimour and Zebda. Based on the obtained results, it can be stated that, chlorophyll (a) concentration in the leaves was significantly differed among the cultivars throughout the whole sampling times, in this respect, Helmand one gave the highest one while, and the highest one by sampling times was November one. The concentration of chlorophyll (b) was significant as effected by the effect of cultivars and sampling time recorded the highest value by the cultivar of Spates and December sample, respectively. Total chlorophyll concentration in the leaves reached its peak by the cultivar of Nabeeh and sampling time of December as compared to others. The both of Ewais cultivar and the sample of March showed the highest values of carotenoids concentration in the leaves. The levels of anthocyanin in leaves were significantly differed as affected by the cultivars and sampling times, indicating that the cultivar of Helmand and November sample recorded the highest values of anthocyanin in leaves. The greatest reductions in Fv/Fmratio were recorded at month of November and indicated that the reductions were in the order of Alphonso˃ Mabrouka˃Taimour˃ others. The effect of sampling time, cultivars and their interaction on Fv/Fm were significant, but small between some values of Fv/Fm.

scholarly journals Tolerance of Prunus Rootstock to Potassium Carbonate-induced Chlorosis

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Shi ◽  
D. H. Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Commercial Fertilizer ◽  
Nutrient Source ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Tolerance Level ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Standardized Screening ◽  
Fe Chlorosis ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll Concentration

A standardized screening procedure for tolerance to bicarbonate-induced Fe chlorosis using a commercial fertilizer mix (Plantex) as the nutrient source, high solution pH (8.5) and 1.5 m m bicarbonate to simulate a calcareous soil situation was used with a 1 vermiculite:1 perlite (v/v) support media, small pots and topping (pinching back the tops of shoots). The tolerance level of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] rootstock could be assessed by leaf visual-chlorosis ratings and Spad-502 chlorophyll readings instead of extractable leaf-chlorophyll concentration or plant Fe concentration. Although most of the tolerant genotypes had almond [P. amygdalus (Mill.) D.A. Webb] in their parentage, a few peaches (`Swat', NJ672281007) showed high to moderate levels of tolerance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document