scholarly journals Control of Ailanthus altissima Using Stem Herbicide Application Techniques

2007 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Joseph DiTomaso ◽  
Guy Kyser
Keyword(s):  
Good Control ◽  
Ailanthus Altissima ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Tree Of Heaven ◽  
Stem Injection ◽  
Application Techniques ◽  
Injection Techniques ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Standard Rate ◽  
Cut Stump

Three herbicides were tested using four stem application techniques for control of both single trunks and clumps of tree-of-heaven [Ailanthus altissima (Miller) Swingle]. Imazapyr, triclopyr, and glyphosate were applied using cut stump, stump injection, and stem injection techniques. Imazapyr and triclopyr were also applied as a basal bark treatment. Treatments were compared against manual cutting and untreated controls. Untreated cut stems did not provide control of tree-of-heaven. Cut stump treatment with imazapyr and triclopyr (20% v/v in oil) resulted in more than 90% reduction in both vigor ratings and resprouting of single stems and clumps. In contrast, stump injection applications were ineffective with all herbicides. For stem injection treatments, undiluted imazapyr gave the best results (>95% canopy reduction), but glyphosate also provided excellent control (92% canopy reduction). Removing stems 4, 8, or 12 months after treatment did not impact the level of control with imazapic. Imazapic at half the standard rate also gave good control of multistemmed clumps. Basal bark treatments with imazapyr or triclopyr (20% v/v in oil) gave equally good results, providing nearly complete control. Triclopyr is less selective than imazapyr and thus offers a better option when desirable vegetation surrounds the stems. These results provide several effective options for the control of tree-of-heaven in both urban and riparian sites.

Antiproliferative effects of tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima Swingle)

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo De Feo ◽  
Laura De Martino ◽  
Angelo Santoro ◽  
Arturo Leone ◽  
Cosimo Pizza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ailanthus Altissima ◽  
Antiproliferative Effects ◽  
Tree Of Heaven

THE CONTROL OF THE APPLE APHID ON DWARF APPLE TREES WITH BARK APPLICATIONS OF DIMETHOATE

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Pielou
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Basal Part ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Emulsifiable Concentrate ◽  
Aphis Pomi ◽  
Wettable Powder ◽  
Excellent Control

Very effective control of the apple aphid, Aphis pomi DeG., on dwarf apple trees, has been obtained by two paintings of an undiluted emulsifiable concentrate of dimethoate (30 per cent active ingredient) on the basal part of the trunk of the tree. Approximately 2 millilitres are applied per tree, and application is made with a 1-inch paint brush around the trunk over a distance of approximately 12 inches. A single application in early July, at a time when the seasonal upsurge of aphids is beginning, gave excellent control for 3 to 4 weeks, even where conditions for reinfestation were favourable. A second application at the end of that period ensured full seasonal control. Almost equally good control was obtained by diluting the concentrate with an equal volume of water. At greater dilutions less effective control resulted. The use of a slurry made from dimethoate, 50 per cent wettable powder, in place of the emulsion, was reasonably effective but slower in action.

scholarly journals Ethanol Extracts of Oenothera laciniata sprout, Equisetum arvense L., and Ailanthus altissima Leaves Improve Antioxidant Activities in D-galactose Induced Aging Rat Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 94-94
Author(s):  
Hyoeun Yoo ◽  
Hyun-Sook Kim ◽  
Hyunjin Kim ◽  
Songhee Ahn ◽  
Xiangqin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Ailanthus Altissima ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Equisetum Arvense ◽  
Evening Primrose ◽  
Tree Of Heaven ◽  
Aging Rat ◽  
Antioxidative Effects ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Abstract Objectives Sprout of evening primrose (Oenothera laciniata, OL), Field horsetail (Equisetum arvense L., EAL), Tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima, AA) leaves are all reported to be rich of flavonoids. This study was performed to determine the antioxidative effects of Sprout of evening primrose (Oenothera laciniata), Field horsetail (Equisetum arvense L.), Tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima) leaves ethanol extracts in d-galactose induced aging rat model. Methods After 3weeks of adaptation period, 12-week-old SD rats were randomly divided into six groups (n = 5 each): Control group (C), D-galactose induced aging group (G), D-galactose injection with tomato treatment positive control group (PC), D-galactose injection with OL treatment group (O), D-galactose injection with EAL treatment group (E), D-galactose injection with AA treatment group (A). All groups except C group were intraperitoneally injected with D-galactose for 12 weeks and C group was treated with saline as a substitute. Results After 8 weeks of oral treatment period, there was no significant difference in body weight among six groups. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration levels increased significantly in G group compared to C group (P < 0.05). Serum advanced glycation end (AGE) concentration levels decreased significantly in O group and A group compared to G group (P < 0.05). Liver MDA level decreased significantly in O, E, A groups compared to G group (P < 0.05). Conclusions Sprout of evening primrose (Oenothera laciniata, OL), Tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima, AA) extract consumption can ameliorate antioxidative activities by suppressing oxidative stress in d-galactose induced aging rat model. Further research is under progress to clarify the mechanism of antioxidative effects. Funding Sources This study was partly funded and cooperated by Ministry of Commerce Industry and Energy.

scholarly journals Nontarget Tree Mortality after Tree-of-Heaven (Ailanthus altissima) Injection with Imazapyr

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Lewis ◽  
Brian McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Root Exudation ◽  
Ailanthus Altissima ◽  
Tree Of Heaven ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vegetation Heterogeneity ◽  
Nontarget Species ◽  
Root Grafts ◽  
Injection Risk

Abstract Tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima Miller [Swingle]) can be managed easily with herbicide injection. However, the potential herbicide translocation to neighboring trees must be evaluated before widespread recommendations for herbicide injections. We assessed the nontargettranslocation of imazapyr (Arsenal), an herbicide commonly used to manage woody vegetation in forests, from injected tree-of-heaven to neighboring noninjected stems. Targeted imazapyr injections not only killed all injected tree-of-heaven, but also killed 17.5% of neighboring (within 3 m) noninjected tree-of-heaven and eight other tree species 62 weeks after treatment. Nontarget mortality from herbicide translocation decreased as the distance from injected tree-of-heaven increased (up to 3 m) and as stem diameter of noninjected plants increased. The plausible modes ofinter- and intraspecific herbicide translocation include root grafts, mutually shared mycorrhizal fungi, root exudation and absorption, and/or leaf senescence. Because tree-of-heaven is clonal, patch size and vegetation heterogeneity will be an important determinant of herbicide injectionprotocols. In forest environments with many small patches (i.e., high edge to interior ratio) or mixed species stands, nontarget hardwoods are at an increased risk of mortality. In isolated large patches (with lower edge to interior ratio) or dense monospecific clones, injection risk to nontarget species will be relatively low.

scholarly journals Herbicide Hardwood Crop Tree Release in Central West Virginia

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey D. Kochenderfer ◽  
Shepard M. Zedaker ◽  
James E. Johnson ◽  
David Wm. Smith ◽  
Gary W. Miller
Keyword(s):  
West Virginia ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Tree Damage ◽  
Stem Injection ◽  
The Future ◽  
Low Volume

Abstract Chemical crop tree release treatments were applied to young hardwood stands at three sites in central West Virginia to evaluate the effectiveness of glyphosate as Accord (41.5% SL), imazapyr as Arsenal AC (53.1% SL) and Chopper (27.6% EC), and triclopyr as Garlon 3A (44.4% triethylamine salt SL), and Garlon 4 (61.6% butoxyethyl ester EC) using hack-and-squirt injection and low volume stem bark band application methods. American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) was a major competitor to black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) crop trees at each site. The treatments were applied in June and evaluated 12 months after treatment. A numerical rating system ranging from 1 to 7 (0–100% crown affected), which utilized visual symptoms, was used to evaluate the efficacy of each treatment. Trees receiving a rating of 5 (75% crown control) or greater were considered controlled.After 12 months, almost complete control (99+%) was achieved with the Accord, Garlon 3A, and Arsenal AC injection treatments across all study sites. The low volume stem bark band treatments used in this study were not effective. The imazapyr treatments adversely affected several crop trees and are not recommended for hardwood crop tree release. Some crop tree damage was inflicted by the Accord treatments, but when suggested guidelines are followed, Accord is recommended for crop tree release treatments. No crop tree damage was observed in the Garlon 3A treatments. The costs of the injection treatments expressed in dollars/ft2 of basal area controlled were as follows: Accord ($0.91), Garlon 3A ($1.04), and Arsenal AC ($0.84). The Northeast Decision Model Stand Inventory Processor using the NE-TWIGS growth simulator was used to predict the future composition and value of projected stands. The stem injection treatments more than doubled projected growth of black cherry basal area. Real rates of return for investment in weed tree control averaged 8.77% for stem injection treatments. This study indicates that chemical crop tree release treatments using stem injection with label recommended solutions of Accord or Garlon 3A are an effective way to increase the future value of Appalachian hardwood stands. North. J. Appl. For. 18(2):46–54.

scholarly journals Control of target spot of tomato with fungicides, systemic acquired resistance activators, and a biocontrol agent

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Pernezny ◽  
P. Stoffella ◽  
J. Collins ◽  
A. Carroll ◽  
A. Beaney
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Subtilis Strain ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Target Spot ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Strobilurin Fungicide ◽  
Bacillis Subtilis ◽  
Southern Florida

Control of target spot of tomato, caused by the fungus Corynespora cassiicola (Berk. & Curt.) Wei., was studied in three seasons in southern Florida, USA. The strobilurin fungicide azoxystrobin and a combination product of mancozeb and fumoxate provided excellent control of target spot. In these treatments, accumulated disease severity values were only 10–15% of those in the untreated control and marketable yields were doubled. Excellent disease control also was achieved with acibenzolar-S-methyl, a systemic acquired resistance activator (SAR). This compound reduced defoliation of tomato plants by 42% compared to the control. An experimental compound, BAS 510 02, provided good control of target spot, reducing defoliation by 40% and increasing marketable yields by 34%. Harpin protein and Bacillis subtilis strain QST 713 were not effective for control of target spot.

scholarly journals Control of Black Oak and Tanoak in the Sierra Cascade Range

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. DiTomaso ◽  
Guy B. Kyser ◽  
Edward A. Fredrickson
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Cascade Range ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Lithocarpus Densiflorus ◽  
Stem Injection ◽  
Versatile Tool ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Black Oak

Abstract Broadcast, directed, and stem injection herbicide techniques were applied to 3- to 8-year-old black oak (Quercus kelloggii) and 3-year-old tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus) clumps (directed applications only). Broadcast applications of imazapyr at all rates to black oak and directed applications of imazapyr to tanoak performed better with the addition of an adjuvant compared to treatments without the adjuvant. However, even with an adjuvant, broadcast treatments of imazapyr at or below 560 g acid equivalent (ae/ha) only suppressed black oak growth and did not provide long-term control. Directed applications of imazapyr gave excellent control of both black oak (0.43–2.17% ae plus Sylgard) and tanoak (0.14–1.13% ae plus Hasten) clumps. Imazapyr was more effective than basal bark treatments with triclopyr (8.9% ae), and tank-mixing imazapyr with glyphosate did not improve the level of control. Stem injection treatment of black oak trees or clumps with imazapyr was very effective with nearly all rates and hack intervals, but late summer or fall applications gave greater suppression of basal re-sprouts compared to spring and early summer treatments. These results demonstrate that imazapyr is a very effective and versatile tool for the control of black oak and tanoak clumps and black oak trees. West. J. Appl. For. 19(4):268–276.

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