scholarly journals Rynkowy model polskich ubezpieczeń gospodarczych w rolnictwie w okresie przygotowań do wejścia do UE (lata 1990–2004) The market model of Polish economic insurance in agriculture in the period of preparations for joining the EU (1990–2004)

2021 ◽  
pp. 105-148
Author(s):  
Stanisław Henryk Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Market Model ◽  
The Eu

Funkcjonujący w Polsce od ponad trzydziestu lat model gospodarki rynkowej doświadczał – obok swoich niekwestionowanych osiągnięć – różnego rodzaju kryzysów. Od przełomu XIX i XX wieku gospodarka światowa, wkraczając w fazę nowej rewolucji postindustrialnej, boryka się z licznymi niestabilnościami społeczno-gospodarczymi. Wielu uczonych, w tym nobliści, przewiduje upadek kapitalizmu. Dzisiejszy świat dotykają pogłębiające się problemy gospodarcze, kryzysy społeczne, polityczne i religijne, ubóstwo i głód, a także klęski żywiołowe. Te ostatnie w znacznym stopniu dotykają gospodarkę rolną większości krajów świata. Stosowane dotychczas dość skutecznie w gospodarce światowej modele zabezpieczania działalności człowieka i materialnych skutków ryzyka – przede wszystkim metody ubezpieczeniowe – przestają wystarczać. W ramach systemu neoliberalnej gospodarki współczesny model ubezpieczeń stawia zasadę stałego zysku ponad społecznymi aspektami działalności ubezpieczeniowej. Wprowadzony w Polsce i realizowany ponad trzydzieści lat temu system kontraktowych ubezpieczeń gospodarczych okazał się niezadowalający zarówno dla sektora rolnego, ludności obszarów wiejskich, jak i dla gospodarki narodowej. Niniejsze opracowanie składa się z dwóch artykułów: pierwszy obejmuje okres pierwszych lat transformacji ustrojowej i ubezpieczeniowej, aż do początku uczestnictwa polskiego rynku rolnego w systemie Unii Europejskiej, tj. do połowy 2004 roku; drugi dotyczy okresu funkcjonowania polskiego rynku rolnego w strukturach unijnych. Podjęto także problem perspektyw i kierunków rozwoju systemu ubezpieczeń dla polskiego rolnictwa i ludności obszarów wiejskich, zmierzających do zaspokojenia oczekiwań ochronnych metodami ubezpieczeniowymi.

scholarly journals The V4’s Gas Market transition towards the EU’s Energy Security

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-218
Author(s):  
Katarína Sárvári
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Market Transition ◽  
Market Model ◽  
Spot Markets ◽  
Supply Contracts ◽  
Gas Market ◽  
Returns On Investment ◽  
Gas Supply ◽  
The Eu

Current development of the European gas market uncovers several new opportunities and challenges for energy security that developed from big changes in production, transit and supply ways of natural gas to Europe. New European gas market model builds on the principles of diversification, the security of supply, interconnectivity and liberalization. Realization of the EU Third Energy Package related to a progressive shift from long-term oil-linked gas supply contracts and development of alternative gas supply sources and lines, as well as the rivalry between already established gas transit lines and the new supply lines present new challenges and require transition for the V4 countries. In this article I studied what are the new changes and challenges of the transition of V4 countries towards the EU’s energy security? To adjust to transition V4 countries should build the new infrastructure on the short-term pricing market and the ways how it will be funded. If V4 countries want to trade gas with the neighbours and transport most of the Russian gas to Europe, they need to invest into reforms of pipelines’ networks or to find other alternatives of diversification in the next decades. Returns on investment on a liberalized market with a multitude of competitors will be manageable but require serious reforms. The V4 countries will have to enter into the spot markets to efficiently trade gas. Available gas hubs in Europe are much smaller, less liquid, and mostly supplied by the same companies as the long-term traded gas hubs. This kind of markets is easy to manipulate. Therefore, it is important for the V4 countries to plan how to coordinate their national energy policies and name EU’s energy targets for the future.

scholarly journals Neoliberal Approaches in the Model of European Economic Integration

2021 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 126-136
Author(s):  
Natalia Kondratieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Market Model ◽  
Economic Regulation ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
The Third ◽  
European Model ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Model Formation ◽  
The Eu

A feature of the first decade of the XXI century was the shift of the EU from the second to the third position in the competition of global geographical centers of power; the beginning of the third decade was marked by the withdrawal of the UK from the EU. Despite many external and internal challenges, the EU remains committed to its chosen economic model and its unique asset, the Single internal market. The article focuses on the following questions. Why did the neoliberal ideas embodied in the creation of a model for the integration of national markets receive support in Europe in the middle of the XX century? How has neoliberalism strengthened over time? Does the process of developing a common economic policy and expanding the EU's powers run counter to the development of a neoliberal idea? What alternative models compete with the European neoliberal model? How stable is the neoliberal idea in the EU? The subject of the study is the growth of supranational economic regulation in the EU. Using general scientific methods, historical, comparative analysis and abstraction, a schematic representation of the classical market model and the EU model (European model) is given, with the designation of common and special reference elements that ensure economic efficiency. The author describes the three stages of the formation of the European model. It is concluded that the EU's regulatory activities are neoliberal in nature. It is aimed at using market leverage, and the model itself retains a margin of stability. The author argues that the current stage started in 2000 is a stage of a smart neoliberal model formation.

scholarly journals Global implications of national price policies on the wheat market – quantitative assessment of world market effects

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 475-480
Author(s):  
J. Ziolkowska ◽  
K. Jechlitschka ◽  
D. Kirschke
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
World Market ◽  
Market Model ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Producer Surplus ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Price Policies

Price policy instruments are common political measures to influence the supply and export of agricultural products. Different price policies have thus different influence on national agricultural markets. These policies can also influence the world market and third countries provided that the exporting country places a high share of its production on the world market. Using a Cobb-Douglas market model we quantitatively assess global implications of national price policies in the EU-27, Russia, and the US (as leading wheat exporting countries) on the world market price for wheat and on welfare, foreign exchange, and producer surplus in third countries. The results prove that increasing protectionist price policies in the EU-27, Russia, and the US would only slightly influence the welfare in third countries. This policy would however bring about a higher decrease of foreign exchange and producer surplus in third countries.

The Interplay between the European Commission, Member States and Utilities in the Debate on Transmission Network Unbundling

2011 ◽  
pp. 137-158
Author(s):  
Paolo Nardi
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Market Model ◽  
Transmission Network ◽  
Policy Integration ◽  
Press Releases ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Eu

A long debate among European Commission and Member States brought to the final approval of the third package on energy (June 2009). This work firstly introduces an overview of the principal acts and positions of the major players involved in the decision making process of the third package. Three different scenarios or models are suggested, according to the scholars' suggestions, to interpretate the debate: a pure pro-market model, capture by lobbies of hybridised utilities or a struggle for geopolitical supremacy. Afterwards these models are checked on the base of the main positions and comments of the EC members, the MS and the Utilities, as emerged from an analysis of documents, press releases, interviews and articles across 2007 and 2008. Conclusions point out that the debate on unbundling can be interpreted as a struggle for supremacy, because the EC which aims at a stronger role inside and outside its borders on energy policy. Integration of energy markets can be considered as a first step for the centralization of energy policy: afterwards, the essential role of energy for the development of the contemporary society will increase the EU polity's importance respect to national states.

Varieties of capitalism in Eastern Europe (with special emphasis on Estonia and Slovenia)

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frane Adam ◽  
Primož Kristan ◽  
Matevž Tomsšič
Keyword(s):  
Path Dependence ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Market Model ◽  
New Members ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
International Environment ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
Communist Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The authors proceed from the assumption that the institutional and economic efficiency of a particular country (or society) depends on its historic legacy or ‘path-dependence’, strategic interactions of the elite and the impact of the international environment. Estonia and Slovenia are both — not only economically, but also institutionally — perceived as relatively successful and prominent post-communist countries and new members of the EU. Yet they have developed completely different — in some aspects even diametrically opposite — regulative settings and socio-political arrangements. The main emphasis is on the connection between the dynamics and ideological preferences of political actors and the pace of reforms as well as institutional regulations. One can argue that the political elite in Estonia encouraged the shaping of the state in a direction close to the liberal-market model, whereas Slovenia is closer to the corporatist social welfare-state model. In both cases, some dysfunctional effects are evident that represent a new challenge to the elites and, at the same time, a test of their credibility and competence.

The Art of Lobbying the EU

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rinus van Schendelen
Keyword(s):  
The Eu
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