scholarly journals Neoliberal Approaches in the Model of European Economic Integration

2021 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 126-136
Author(s):  
Natalia Kondratieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Market Model ◽  
Economic Regulation ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
The Third ◽  
European Model ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Model Formation ◽  
The Eu

A feature of the first decade of the XXI century was the shift of the EU from the second to the third position in the competition of global geographical centers of power; the beginning of the third decade was marked by the withdrawal of the UK from the EU. Despite many external and internal challenges, the EU remains committed to its chosen economic model and its unique asset, the Single internal market. The article focuses on the following questions. Why did the neoliberal ideas embodied in the creation of a model for the integration of national markets receive support in Europe in the middle of the XX century? How has neoliberalism strengthened over time? Does the process of developing a common economic policy and expanding the EU's powers run counter to the development of a neoliberal idea? What alternative models compete with the European neoliberal model? How stable is the neoliberal idea in the EU? The subject of the study is the growth of supranational economic regulation in the EU. Using general scientific methods, historical, comparative analysis and abstraction, a schematic representation of the classical market model and the EU model (European model) is given, with the designation of common and special reference elements that ensure economic efficiency. The author describes the three stages of the formation of the European model. It is concluded that the EU's regulatory activities are neoliberal in nature. It is aimed at using market leverage, and the model itself retains a margin of stability. The author argues that the current stage started in 2000 is a stage of a smart neoliberal model formation.

scholarly journals On the Legal Consequences of Brexit

Legal Concept ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 140-145
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Galushko
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
The European Union ◽  
International Treaty ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Legal Consequences ◽  
The Eu

Introduction: one of the most important functioning aspects of modern regional international organizations is the institution of state membership. For the European Union, this issue has until recently been considered in terms of the ongoing process of developing European integration and expanding the membership of States in this international organization. In 2016, the UK held a referendum on its leaving the EU, whose positive result gave rise to the process of leaving the EU – Brexit. Brexit has produced a number of consequences, some of which will be analyzed in this paper. The aim of the study is to investigate and analyze some of the legal consequences of Brexit. Methods: in the course of the research both general scientific methods of cognition and specific legal methods (formal-legal, historical-legal) were used. Results: the paper proves that Brexit is a unique case in the practice of both the European Union and the international practice of interaction between States and international organizations. The author found that the UK’s leaving the EU entails a number of consequences, which are extremely difficult to identify, since they are very diverse and relate to completely different spheres of public relations: peace, security, economy, migration, Northern Ireland, and etc. Conclusions: Brexit becomes a process of testing completely new mechanisms and procedures that will have a significant impact both at the international legal level and at the domestic level. Today, Brexit requires careful legal support, as it directly affects the rights and freedoms, first of all, of citizens on both sides. Without a properly executed international treaty, Brexit could become a threat not only to the economic sphere, but even to peace and security in the region.

European experience in transition to circular economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Ratner
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
National Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
European Experience ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Eu

Subject. The article considers the concept of circular economy, which has originated relatively recently in the academic literature, and is now increasingly recognized in many countries at the national level. In the European Union, the transition to circular economy is viewed as an opportunity to improve competitiveness of the European Union, protect businesses from resource shortages and fluctuating prices for raw materials and supplies, and a way to increase employment and innovation. Objectives. The aim of the study is to analyze the incentives developed by the European Commission for moving to circular economy, and to assess their effectiveness on the basis of statistical analysis. Methods. I employ general scientific methods of research. Results. The analysis of the EU Action Plan for the Circular Economy enabled to conclude that the results of the recent research in circular economy barriers, eco-innovation, technology and infrastructure were successfully integrated into the framework of this document. Understanding the root causes holding back the circular economy development and the balanced combination of economic and administrative incentives strengthened the Action Plan, and it contributed to the circular economy development in the EU. Conclusions. The measures to stimulate the development of the circular economy proposed in the European Action Plan can be viewed as a prototype for designing similar strategies in other countries, including Russia. Meanwhile, a more detailed analysis of barriers to the circular economy at the level of individual countries and regions is needed.

People-Trafficking: Some Reflections on the EU Legislation, and its Implementation in the UK

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 189-210
Author(s):  
John R Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Framework Decision ◽  
Eu Legislation ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academic Network ◽  
The Uk ◽  
European Criminal Law ◽  
The Eu

Abstract This chapter examines the efforts in Europe and and the UK to deal with the problem of people-trafficking. As readers will see, it is in five Sections. The first sets the scene by explaining what ‘people-trafficking’ is, and outlining the history of international attempts to repress it and to relieve its human consequences. The second describes the recent legislative attempts to deal with it in Europe, and in particular, the EU Framework Decision of 2002. The third examines the UK legislation enacted with the aim—not entirely accurate, as we shall see—of implementing it. The fourth looks at the way the UK legislation is working. And the final section concludes with two general reflections. It is based on a study carried out in 2007 for ECLAN, the European Criminal Law Academic Network. Any reader who reaches the end with a thirst for further knowledge will find further refreshment in the book that resulted from the ECLAN study, which was published earlier this year.

scholarly journals Konsekwencje brexitu dla finansów Unii Europejskiej

Studia BAS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (67) ◽  
pp. 133-152
Author(s):  
Kamil Kotliński
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Additional Contribution ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Investment Bank ◽  
European Central ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Uk ◽  
European Investment ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Budget Revenue

The aim of the article is to identify the consequences of Brexit from the point of view of the EU finances. The first section focuses on the share of member states in the EU budget revenue. The author attempted to estimate the additional contribution of each member state. The second section briefly shows in which EU programmes the UK still takes part. The third section concentrates on the adjustment of the shares in the capital of the European Investment Bank and the European Central Bank to the reduced number of shareholders. The next part discusses the budgetary correction mechanisms as a historical remnant of the British rebate. In the last section the author describes the Brexit Adjustment Reserve, which supports regions and sectors most affected by the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union.

Exclusionary Abuses

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-112
Author(s):  
Renato Nazzini
Keyword(s):  
Competition Policy ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Private Enforcement ◽  
Pharmaceutical Sector ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Third ◽  
Public And Private Enforcement ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Abuse Of Dominance ◽  
The Eu

Chapter 4 deals with exclusionary abuses under the Competition Act 1998, covering both public and private enforcement cases. The analysis concerns the approach to dominance as well as tests for abuse, focusing on retroactive rebates and bundled discounts, exclusion in multi-market settings, exclusivity, most favoured nation and equivalent clauses, discrimination, and exclusionary abuses in the pharmaceutical sector. This chapter argues that, in its second decade, modern UK competition law continued a trend that was already clear in the first decade: the prohibition of abuse of dominance is applied in a more economically robust and commercially reasonable way than it is by the EU institutions - the Commission and the EU courts - and in certain other Member States. The chapter notes that the third decade of the Competition Act 1998 will see the UK develop its competition policy free from the constraints of EU law and may allow for some divergence in the approach to exclusionary abuses in the future.

NATURE AND RESIDENTIAL ENVIRONMENT IN THE FIRST GARDEN CITIES IN GALICIA: “SALWATOR” IN KRAKOW AND “NOVYI SVIT” IN LVIV

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-252
Author(s):  
Tyrchyn B ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Residential Environment ◽  
Comprehensive Approach ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Garden City ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Garden Cities ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Historical Comparative

The article discloses the peculiarities of the nature and residential environment in the first garden cities in Galicia: “Salwator” in Krakow and “Novyi Svit” in Lviv. The topicality of the issue is predetermined by the need for supplementing and developing available scientific researches related to the study of the garden city concept as well as for analyzing profoundly and comparing the architectural and townplanning structures of the garden cities in Galicia at the early stages of their development. Both general scientific methods (historical, comparative, structural analysis), and special field observations have been used. This comprehensive approach has enabled us to point out the special features (planning, functional) of the garden cities as exemplified by Lviv and Krakow. It has been proven that the development of the architecture and town planning of the above cities in the early ХХth century corresponds to the general European trends, while the concept of garden cities was implemented in a fragmented way, that is in the form of gardens-on-the-outskirts.

People-Trafficking: Some Reflections on the EU Legislation, and its Implementation in the UK

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 189-210
Author(s):  
John R Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Framework Decision ◽  
Eu Legislation ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academic Network ◽  
The Uk ◽  
European Criminal Law ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThis chapter examines the efforts in Europe and and the UK to deal with the problem of people-trafficking. As readers will see, it is in five Sections. The first sets the scene by explaining what ‘people-trafficking’ is, and outlining the history of international attempts to repress it and to relieve its human consequences. The second describes the recent legislative attempts to deal with it in Europe, and in particular, the EU Framework Decision of 2002. The third examines the UK legislation enacted with the aim—not entirely accurate, as we shall see—of implementing it. The fourth looks at the way the UK legislation is working. And the final section concludes with two general reflections. It is based on a study carried out in 2007 for ECLAN, the European Criminal Law Academic Network. Any reader who reaches the end with a thirst for further knowledge will find further refreshment in the book that resulted from the ECLAN study, which was published earlier this year.

Part II The New EU Prospectus Rules, 17 The Prospectus Regime and Brexit

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gleeson Simon
Keyword(s):  
Incremental Cost ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Securities Markets ◽  
The Third ◽  
International Securities ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Eu ◽  
International Offering

This chapter discusses the third country regime against the backdrop of Brexit. It explains that, post-Brexit, it will no longer be possible to use a UK prospectus for distribution of securities in the EU. However, since the majorities of securities offered on the UK markets are in fact sold to UK or international (non-EU) investors, it is difficult to know whether the consequence of this will be an increase in EU prospectus offerings or a decrease. The chapter notes that in reality the point is that there is a relatively well-established prospectus orthodoxy in the international securities markets, and as long as the EU regime remains closely aligned with that international orthodoxy, it is likely that the incremental cost of adding an EU limb to a global offering will remain acceptable. However if EU disclosure standards diverge from international standards, the issue will become more acute, and issuers may find themselves having to choose between a domestic EU offering and an international offering.

scholarly journals The Kingdom of Spain’s Key Ministries of on Combating Racism, Xenophobia and Other Types of Discrimination: Activities and Structures

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
Alexandra A. Ashmarina ◽  
◽  
Anna E. Tsymbalova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Special Programs ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Sociopolitical Climate ◽  
The Eu

The article focuses on the study the structural and functional characteristics of three departments: the Ministry of Labor, Migration and Social Security; the Ministry of Internal Affairs; and the Ministry of the Presidency for Relations with Courts and Equality Issues, because these ministries directly control and regulate activities in the field of combating discrimination and intolerance. The aim of the article is to study the structure and various aspects of cooperation between these ministries, with particular attention to the implementation of special programs to combat various types of discrimination. The article was prepared using original sources, such as official electronic resources of the key ministries and institutions, regulatory documents, draft programs on combating discrimination and intolerance, agreements between Spain and international organizations. The plans and reports of the police, which reflect the main measures taken to combat racism and xenophobia, were analyzed. The study is based on an institutional approach, which allows carrying out a comprehensive analysis of the activities of Spanish public institutions and organizations in the field of combating discrimination and intolerance at the state, autonomous and city levels. The study employed the general scientific methods of analysis to highlight the key areas of activity of the ministries and to study them comprehensively, comparison to identify the general and specific functions of each of the organs, and generalization to identify the most common directions of anti-discrimination policy in Spain. In the course of the study, the authors develop the thesis that discrimination is a multidimensional phenomenon, the consequences of which affect not only individuals or groups, suffering from discrimination, but also, indirectly, society and the sociopolitical climate in general. Anti-discrimination measures are obligatory for the implementation of a comprehensive public policy, but, despite the presence of common functionality, the key ministries involved in this area have their own specifics. As a result of the study, the authors come to the conclusion that Spain has an extensive network of institutions and organizations dealing with the prevention and fight against various types of intolerance and discrimination. This network operates based not only on the local legislative basis, but also on international treaties and agreements with international organizations. The well-developed institutional structure and the introduction of new specialized organizations increase the effectiveness of government’s measures. The large number of projects to combat racism and xenophobia, which annually receive funding from the state and the EU, indicate that this area is receiving very close attention.

scholarly journals Mass Artificial Famine of 1921—1923: Social and Economic Consequences of Legitimation of the Communist Regime in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 114-129
Author(s):  
Svitlana Markova ◽  
Olesia Stasiuk
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The article attempts to generalize social and economic consequences of legitimation of the communist regime in Ukraine on the basis of analysis of historical and statistical data, and to confirm the fact of mass artificial famine in 1921–1923 and regular confiscation, export of grain and food products abroad from Ukraine. To ensure a comprehensive study of the main aspects of the research topic, we used historical, problem-chronological, historical-comparative, historical-psychological methods, as well as general scientific methods – systematization, analysis, generalization, modeling, etc. The new archival materials from the funds of State Archives of Zaporizhzhia Region were introduced into the scientific use that prove the facts of mass artificial famine of 1921–1923, as well as the materials from the State Archives of Khmelnytskyi Region that confirm the facts of regular and extra confiscations and export of grain, especially abroad. It is mentioned that after the legitimation of party and Soviet organizations in Ukrainian territories with the use of Cheka, the Bolsheviks conducted the policy of confiscations, product dictatorship, used already known and created new mechanisms of terror. In 1922, mass famine covered Zaporizhzhia province, and because of the lack of relief aid, people were physically exhausted, ate surrogates, died of starvation; there were cases of cannibalism. During 1922, the system of compulsory extra confiscations (of rye and wheat) for starving regions was introduced in the regions that suffered less, especially in Podillia province. Regular extra confiscations and export of grain from Podillia province had prolonged effects, which later led to the stagnation of agricultural sphere in the region, facts of starvation and hunger edema.

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