Influence of the selected physicochemical properties of the active substances of plant protection products on the results of their model exposure assessment in the surface water compartment

2021 ◽  
Vol 234 ◽  
pp. 124-135
Author(s):  
Dorota Sobczak ◽  
Igor Kondzielski ◽  
Marta Kijenska ◽  
Barbara Gworek
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Water Compartment ◽  
Active Substances

Toxicokinetic mixture effects of co-formulants and active substances in plant protection products in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 350 ◽  
pp. S237
Author(s):  
M. Karaca ◽  
B. Fischer ◽  
C.T. Willenbockel ◽  
P. Marx-Stoelting ◽  
D. Bloch
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Mixture Effects ◽  
Active Substances

scholarly journals Application of the Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) in Food Safety: Challenges and Opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rositsa Serafimova ◽  
Tamara Coja ◽  
George E. N. Kass
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Guidance Documents ◽  
Threshold Of Toxicological Concern ◽  
Active Substances

The safety assessment of chemicals added or found in food has traditionally made use of data from in vivo studies performed on experimental animals. The nature and amount of data required to carry out a risk assessment is generally stipulated either in the different food legislations or in sectoral guidance documents. However, there are still cases where no or only limited experimental data are available or not specified by law, for example for contaminants or for some minor metabolites from active substances in plant protection products. For such cases, the Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) can be applied. This review explores the use of the TTC approach in food safety in the European Union, in relation to the different food sectors, legal requirements and future opportunities.

scholarly journals Current possibilities and prospects of using fungicides in forestry

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Okorski ◽  
Agnieszka Pszczółkowska ◽  
Tomasz Oszako ◽  
Justyna A. Nowakowska ◽  
Małgorzata Oszako
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fungicide Resistance ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
Limited Availability ◽  
Forest Pathogens ◽  
Forest Nurseries ◽  
Active Substances

AbstractThe possibility of using chemicals in European forestry is extremely limited due to the binding legal regulations and specific conditions concerning the market of plant protection products. This is reflected in the limited availability of active fungicides in forestry. Due to this limitation, practitioners using fungicides in forest nurseries and forest cultivation must have substantial knowledge of the biology of pathogens to ensure satisfactorily effective protection.The work presented here provides an overview of the currently recommended fungicides in Polish forestry as well as the mechanisms of interaction between the active substances and the pathogen, the plant and mycorrhizal fungi. The risk of fungicide resistance, which has been insufficiently explored in the context of forest pathogens, is also discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals Brief communication: new perspectives on the calculation of bioaccumulation factors for active substances in living organisms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aude Ratier ◽  
Christelle Lopes ◽  
Gauthier Multari ◽  
Vanessa Mazerolles ◽  
Patrice Carpentier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
Bioaccumulation Factors ◽  
On Line ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Data Requirements ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Test Guideline

AbstractToday, there are no ready-to-use convenient tools in ecotoxicology to diagnose and predict the accumulation and effects of chemical substances on living organisms, accounting for exposure situations that are known to be complex (routes of exposure, metabolization processes, cocktail effects, etc.). Regarding plant protection products in marketing authorization applications, regulation No 283/2013 (EU) defines the data requirements for active substances with a bioaccumulation test on fish according to OECD Test guideline 305. This paper presents new perspectives on the estimation of the bioaccumulation factors via an innovative ready-to-use web tool providing these factors, associated with their uncertainty to facilitate the daily work of regulators, but also of any user, by benefiting of a freely available and user-friendly on-line interface avoiding to invest into underlying mathematical and statistical technicalities. This tool, MOSAICbioacc, is available at https://mosaic.univ-lyon1.fr/bioacc, and can be used by any environmental scientists, ecotoxicologists or managers when accumulation-depuration data are collected and need to be easily and quickly analysed.

scholarly journals Prevalence of pesticides in Krško-Brežice polje aquifer

Geologija ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-288
Author(s):  
Nina MALI ◽  
Anja KOROŠA ◽  
Janko URBANC
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Passive Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
The Past ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
The World

Groundwater pollution with pesticides is a problem that occurs all over the world as well as in Slovenia. Considering the past high loads of groundwater with pesticides, the purpose of the presented research was to determine the presence of pesticides in the groundwater of Krško-Brežiško polje in the period 2018-2019 and to check the applicability of the passive sampling method. A total of 21 groundwater samples were taken at 11 locations and 2 samples each in the Sava and Krka rivers. We identified 15 pesticides and their degradation products. Atrazine and its degradation product desethylatrazine were most frequently determined in groundwater samples. They are followed by desethylterbutylazine, terbutylazine, metolachlor and simazine. Atrazine, desethylatrazine, chlortoluron, metolachlor and terbuthylazine were detected in surface water. A total of 24 samples were taken in groundwater and surface water using the qualitative passive sampling method. We singled out 8 pesticides that appear in two campaigns. The frequency and occurrence of individual pesticides by both methods are comparable. Passive sampling has proven to be an appropriate method of identifying the presence of pesticides. The highest loads in the Krško-Brežiško field arise from the agricultural land areas. Groundwater is more contaminated with pesticides in the central part of the field in the direction of groundwater flow from west to east. In the groundwater of the Krško-Brežice field, atrazine and desethylatrazine are still the most frequently detected pesticides with higher concentrations, despite a 20 years long ban on the use of atrazine-based plant protection products.

scholarly journals Biotechnology for production of recombinant hybrid proteins from plants and microbes with antifungal activity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Rogozin
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Heterologous Expression ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Hybrid Plant ◽  
Chimeric Proteins ◽  
Hybrid Proteins ◽  
Antimicrobial Polypeptides ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Pathogenic Micromycetes

The principle of obtaining recombinant antimicrobial polypeptides from plant and microbial origins as a part of chimeric proteins with thioredoxin by heterologous expression in a prokaryotic system is presented. The results obtained in terms of their antifungal activity in relation to plant pathogenic micromycetes allow us to consider these compounds as prototypes of some active substances of environmentally friendly biofungicides, as well as possible components of hybrid plant protection products against fungal diseases.

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