scholarly journals Prevalence of pesticides in Krško-Brežice polje aquifer

Geologija ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-288
Author(s):  
Nina MALI ◽  
Anja KOROŠA ◽  
Janko URBANC
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Passive Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
The Past ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
The World

Groundwater pollution with pesticides is a problem that occurs all over the world as well as in Slovenia. Considering the past high loads of groundwater with pesticides, the purpose of the presented research was to determine the presence of pesticides in the groundwater of Krško-Brežiško polje in the period 2018-2019 and to check the applicability of the passive sampling method. A total of 21 groundwater samples were taken at 11 locations and 2 samples each in the Sava and Krka rivers. We identified 15 pesticides and their degradation products. Atrazine and its degradation product desethylatrazine were most frequently determined in groundwater samples. They are followed by desethylterbutylazine, terbutylazine, metolachlor and simazine. Atrazine, desethylatrazine, chlortoluron, metolachlor and terbuthylazine were detected in surface water. A total of 24 samples were taken in groundwater and surface water using the qualitative passive sampling method. We singled out 8 pesticides that appear in two campaigns. The frequency and occurrence of individual pesticides by both methods are comparable. Passive sampling has proven to be an appropriate method of identifying the presence of pesticides. The highest loads in the Krško-Brežiško field arise from the agricultural land areas. Groundwater is more contaminated with pesticides in the central part of the field in the direction of groundwater flow from west to east. In the groundwater of the Krško-Brežice field, atrazine and desethylatrazine are still the most frequently detected pesticides with higher concentrations, despite a 20 years long ban on the use of atrazine-based plant protection products.

The Vyredox and Nitredox Methods of in situ Treatment of Groundwater

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Braester ◽  
Rudolf Martinell
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Nitrate Treatment ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite ◽  
Iron And Manganese

Nearly one fifth of all water used in the world is obtained from groundwater. The protection of water has become a high priority goal. During the last decades pollution of water has become more and more severe. Today groundwater is more and more used in comparison with surface water. Recently we have seen accidents, which can pollute nearly all surface water very quickly. Generally the groundwater is easier to protect, as well as cheaper to purify, and above all it is of better quality than the surface water. During the past two decades, alternatives to the traditional method of treating the water in filters have been developed, that is in situ water treatment i.e. the VYREDOX and NITREDOX methods. The most common problem regarding groundwater is too high content of iron and manganese, which can be reduced with the VYREDOX method. In some areas today there are severe problems with pollution by hydrocarbons and nitrate as well, and with modification of the VYREDOX treatment method it is used for hydrocarbon and nitrate treatment as well. The method to reduce the nitrate and nitrite is known as the NITREDOX method.

scholarly journals Development of passive sampler POCIS for the analysis of polar pesticides in surface water

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-144
Author(s):  
Trang Thi Nhu Tran ◽  
Ty Thi Pham ◽  
Hai Lam Son Truong
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Passive Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Passive Sampler ◽  
Polar Pesticides ◽  
Sampling Process ◽  
European Standards ◽  
First Time

The first time in Vietnam a passive sampling method has been developed to analyse the polar pesticides in surface water. The initial investigations of POCIS were performed for 7 polar pesticides as simazine,thiodicarb, carbofuran, chlortoluron, atrazine, isoproturon, and diuron. We determined the sampling rates RS for these substances ranged from 0.369 to 0.962 L day- 1. The obtained values of ku and RS showed the important influence of environmental factors such as flow on the ability to integrate polar pesticides in passive sampling process. This method can be applied to determine these 7 polar pesticides in surface water at trace levels according to European standards for pesticide residues in water (< 0.1 μg L-1).

scholarly journals Farming the waters: Bringing aquatic plant and animal species to agriculture

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-243
Author(s):  
John Castell
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Maximum Sustainable Yield ◽  
Julius Caesar ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Important Means

Aquaculture has a long history, with carp culture in Asia starting before 2000 BC and oyster culture in the Roman Empire before the time of Julius Caesar. However, it is clearly the past 40 yr that have seen the most dramatic expansion of aquaculture. The world's population now exceeds 6 billion people and is still growing at an alarming rate. The world's wild fish harvest has clearly peaked at or above the maximum sustainable yield of about 90 million t. Many fish stocks are suffering from over-fishing and there is little hope of any increase in the capture fisheries production. Though modern agricultural practices have been very efficient at increasing the per acre yields, the world is experiencing an alarmingly steady decrease in the amount of agricultural land devoted to food production. In the past 20–30 yr production of fish, molluscs, crustaceans and aquatic plants (aquaculture) has become an increasingly important means of producing food, and in some countries aquaculture production accounts for more than half of the total fishery harvest and is even as high as 90% in a few countries. I have reviewed the historical growth of aquaculture, compared the product value in various countries and reviewed aquaculture practices for a number of plant, molluscan, crustacean and fish species around the world. These culture technologies were compared and contrasted with agricultural practices. Finally, some predictions for the future of aquaculture development in Canada and the world have been made. Key words: Canadian aquaculture, history, salmon, fish farming, production statistics, fish culture technology

scholarly journals On some results of agroecological monitoring of soils and land resources of the Russian Federation in 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (46) ◽  
pp. 10-10
Author(s):  
Alexander Saakian ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Chemical Indicators ◽  
Physico Chemical

The article presents the results of long-term agroecological monitoring of the state of Russian land resources: the dynamics of changes in agrochemical and physico-chemical indicators, the content of organic matter and elements of mineral nutrition of plants in soils; crop productivity; contamination of soils and products with residual amounts of pesticides, oil and petroleum products, heavy metals, nitrates, radionuclides; the problems of erosion and reclamation of agricultural land are highlighted. Ключевые слова: AGROECOLOGICAL MONITORING, HUMUS, MOBILE PHOSPHORUS, EXCHANGE POTASSIUM, ACIDITY, CHEMICAL RECLAMATION, LIMING, PHOSPHORIZATION, GYPSUM, PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS, YIELD, FERTILIZERS, PESTICIDE RESIDUES, OIL AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, HEAVY METALS, NITRATES, WATER AND WIND EROSION OF SOILS, LAND RECLAMATION

GRACE a witness to the Recovery of the Tigris-Euphrates Hydrologic System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Sultan ◽  
Karem Abdelmohsen ◽  
Himanshu Save
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Global Precipitation Climatology Project ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
The Past ◽  
Grace Data ◽  
Precipitation Record ◽  
The World ◽  
Precipitation Events

&lt;p&gt;Global warming is producing climatic changes across the world that affect in major ways the livelihood of major sectors of the world&amp;#8217;s population. Over the past decade or two, an increase in the frequency and intensity of specific climatic phenomena (e.g., hurricanes, wet or dry periods, etc.) has been reported from many parts of the globe and is believed to be climate change-related. Over the past few years, the largest and most intense precipitation events were recorded over the Tigris and Euphrates watershed (TEW), a heavily engineered watershed (&gt; 60 main dams) that is shared by Turkey, Iran, Syria, Saudi Arabia, and Iraq. Analysis of the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) precipitation record over the past 40 year (1979-present) across the TEW revealed a prolonged dry period (2002- to 2017; Average Annual Precipitation [AAP]: 240 km&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;), followed by wet years (2018 to 2020; AAP: 425 km&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;). The recent extensive precipitation events during the wet period are reflected in GRACE and GRACE-FO data. Throughout the dry period there was a total decline in GRACE&lt;sub&gt;TWS&lt;/sub&gt; of 212 km&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (13.3 km&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/yr) followed by an increase of 246 km&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (82 km&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/yr) during the wet period.&amp;#160; In other words, in the past 2.5 years, the TEW more than recovered its losses during the previous 15 years. This recovery was enabled in part by the impoundment of surface water behind the many dams in the riparian countries and by infiltration of precipitation that recharged the TEW aquifers. Using radar altimetry we observe an increase in surface water levels by 8 m in Lake Ataturk, 13 m in Lake Karakaya, 1.5 m in Lake Van in Turkey, 5 m in Lake Assad in Syria, and 16 m in Lake Tharthar, and 24 m in Lake Mosul in Iraq.&amp;#160; These translate to a volume increase of 21.7 km&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; in Turkey, 3.5 km&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; in Syria, and 34 km&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; in Iraq during the wet period. Using GRACE data and outputs of land surface models, we estimate that groundwater storage GRACE&lt;sub&gt;TWS&lt;/sub&gt; declined at a rate of -7 km&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/yr during the dry period and increased at a rate of 60 km&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/yr during the wet years.&lt;/p&gt;

Summer crops and the impact of pesticides on surface and underground water in the southeast of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Costa ◽  
Hernan Angelini ◽  
Eduardo De Geronimo ◽  
Virginia Aparicio
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Water Courses ◽  
The Impact

&lt;p&gt;Agricultural land is the first pesticide recipient after application. Even if the pesticides are applied in accordance with the regulations, only a smaller amount reaches their objectives (weed or pest), while the rest represents possible environmental pollutants (Hv&amp;#283;zdov&amp;#225; et al., 2018). In this case, the pesticides they become the non-point source of contamination.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of summer crop practices on the concentration of pesticides in surface water and groundwater. In soybean and corn crops, next to surface water courses, 2 freatimeters were installed. Groundwater depth was evaluated in six moments (19/12/2018, 4/1/2019, 14/1/2019, 8/2/2019, 15/2/2019 and 25/2/2019). Water samples were extracted and the concentration of 45 organic molecules (pesticides and degradation products) was determined with a UPLC MS / MS. Once the concentration of each molecule was quantified, it was added to establish the proportion corresponding to the total of a) glyphosate + AMPA; b) Atrazine + hydroxy-atrazine + desetyl-atrazine + desisopropyl-atrazine; c) 2,4D and d) other molecules.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The groundwater was always at a depth greater than 1.30 m in the freatimeters. On average, the proportion of the sum of molecules was: glyphosate metabolite &gt; atrazine metabolite &gt; 2.4D &gt; other organic molecules. The sum of molecules ranged from 0.17 to 39.1 &amp;#181;g l&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;. On the other hand, the sum of molecules ranged from 1.3 to 12.5 &amp;#181;g l&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; during the evaluation period. On average, the proportion of the sum of molecules was: glyphosate + metabolite &gt; Atrazine + metabolite &gt; 2.4D &amp;#160;other organic molecules.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;These preliminary results indicate that the grain production system generates an impact evidenced by the presence of synthetic organic molecules in the water. It is important to adjust crop management practices to avoid and / or minimize that impact and its environmental consequences.&lt;/p&gt;

Foliar Interception and Retention Values after Pesticide Application. A Proposal for Standardized Values for Environmental Risk Assessment (Technical Report)

2000 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 2199-2218 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Linders ◽  
H. Mensink ◽  
G. Stephenson ◽  
D. Wauchope ◽  
K. Racke
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Technical Report ◽  
The World

In performing risk assessments for plant protection products by applicants or regulators in relation to the registration of the products, an important aspect to take into account is the foliar interception and retention of the active substance of the product on the plant. An overview is given of the approaches to this item in several parts of the world. The relevant circumstances and influencing variables, such as growth phase, planting density, and some physicochemical characteristics (e.g., vapor pressure and Henry's coefficient) are dealt with. Finally, a proposal is presented for how to take into account the phenomenon of foliar interception and retention in the initial phase, first tier, of the risk assessment process.

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