scholarly journals Effectiveness of Three Different Toothpaste Formulations in Reduction of Plaque and Gingivitis: A Comparative Clinical Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-92
Author(s):  
Amit Bhardwaj ◽  
Shalu V Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Metallic Ions ◽  
Antimicrobial Substances ◽  
Tooth Cleaning ◽  
Gingival Health ◽  
Mouth Rinses ◽  
Comparative Clinical Study ◽  
Spectrum Activity ◽  
Polyvinyl Methyl Ether ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms

ABSTRACT The role of dental plaque in gingivitis and periodontitis is well established. It is commonly observed that daily brushing often fails to achieve and maintain optimum gingival health. In order to improve the efficacy of the self-performed mechanical tooth cleaning procedure, antimicrobial substances like chlorhexidine, metallic ions, fluorides and various phenolic compounds have been evaluated, as such adjuvants in clinical trials that have been added to dentifrice used during tooth brushing. Triclosan (2, 4, 4' trichloro-2'hydroxyphenylether) is a nonionic antibacterial agent with broad spectrum activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Recently, triclosan was introduced in toothpaste and mouth rinses for control of plaque and gingivitis. However, maximum antiplaque activity is shown when triclosan is used in combination with agents like copolymer polyvinyl methyl ether maleic acid (PVM/MA). The PVM/MA copolymer retains the triclosan on the soft and hard surfaces of the oral cavity for several hours. This study aims in proving efficacy of triclosan copolymer toothpaste over the triclosan alone and non-triclosan toothpaste in reduction of plaque and gingivitis.

Ion chemistry of transition metals in hydrocarbon flames. II. Cations of Sc, Ti, V, Cr, and Mn

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 2219-2228 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Goodings ◽  
Quang Tran ◽  
Nicholas S. Karellas
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metals ◽  
Metal Atom ◽  
Chemical Ionization ◽  
Metallic Ions ◽  
Ion Chemistry ◽  
Hydrocarbon Flames ◽  
Basic Series ◽  
First Time ◽  
Isomeric Structures

The same fuel-rich, premixed, conical, methane–oxygen flame at 2200 K and atmospheric pressure used for studies of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn in Part I (1) is doped with the same concentration (~1 ppm) of Sc, Ti, V, Cr, and Mn to complete the first row of ten transition metals. Metallic ions of these metals and their compounds formed by chemical ionization reactions with H3O+ are observed by sampling the flame through a nozzle into a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Concentration profiles of individual and total cations are measured as a function of distance along the flame axis, and also mass spectra at a fixed point in the burnt gas. If A is the metal atom, the observed ions can be represented by four hydrate series including (a) A+•nH2O, (b) AOH+•nH2O, (c) AO+•nH2O, and (d) AO2H+•nH2O with n = 0–3 or 4, giving a maximum of four ligands around the metal atom. However, alternative isomeric structures are possible for each of the four basic series (e.g. AO+•2H2O ~ A(OH)2+•H2O ~ A(OH)3H+). The ions observed with Cr and Mn, in common with those of Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu, strongly favour series (a). On the other hand, Sc is completely different; the ions of series (c) are dominant. All four series are observed with each of Ti and V. Series (b) dominates for Ti and series (c) for V; ions from series (d) were observed for the first time. The ion chemistry of these metals is discussed in detail with emphasis on the probable chemical ionization reactions responsible for metallic ion formation. The pre-eminent role of proton transfer processes is apparent.

scholarly journals A comparative clinical study to access the role of Basti and Virechana Karma followed by Rasayana in post menopausal Asthikshaya (Osteoporosis)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (05) ◽  
pp. 96-103
Author(s):  
Deepa S. Patil ◽  
Prashanth A.S
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Comparative Clinical Study ◽  
Group A ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Group B

Rajonivrutti condition manifests in the end phase of Jarawastha; but its Samprapti begins from the Sandhikala of Madhyamawastha and Jarawastha due to Vatavruddi in womens reaching Rajonivrutti. Postmenopausal Asthikshaya is a disabling disease, which renders women a bedridden life. Here 40 subjects diagnosed with postmenopausal Asthikshaya fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected for the study and randomly categorized intp two groups as group A and group B each consisting of 20 subjects. Group A received Amapachana with Hinguvachadivati, Yastimadhu Siddha Ksheerabasti administered in Yoga Basti schedule followed by Tritiyatriphala Rasayana. Group B received Amapachana with Hinguvachadivati, Sadhyosnehapana with Amrita Ghrita, Sarvanga Abyanga with Murchita Tilataila followed by Sarvanga Swedana and Sneha Virechana was admistered with Eranda Taila followed by Tritiyatriphala Rasayana was given. Tritiya Triphala Rasayana selected for the present study by adapting all the general principles of prevention and management of Asthikshaya and as it is a well known Rasayana.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress Levels in Orthodontic Patients and Efficacy of Antioxidant Supplements in Combating Its Effects- A Randomized Clinical Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Sheetal Yamyar ◽  
Suchita Daokar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Randomized Clinical Study ◽  
Gingival Health ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
Group A ◽  
Antioxidant Supplements ◽  
Group B

Introduction: Orthodontic appliances are considered to be biocompatible although adverse effects attributed to release of nickel ion which are free radicals in oral cavity. These free radical produce damages both in cellular and extracellular components phospholipid membrane, proteins, mitochondrial and nuclear DNA leading to Oxidative stress which is normally counter balanced by the action antioxidant mechanisms. However in higher concentrations of free radicals resulting in cellular death and apoptosis Orthodontic appliances such as brackets, wire, resins has considered as potential allergen leading to release of free radicals. The study was conducted to determine and compare the role of oxidative stress and role of antioxidants in saliva of patients undergoing fixed orthodontic appliances therapy at different time intervals. Materials & Method: A double-blinded, parallel, randomized clinical study was designed consisting of 40 healthy participants, aged 15-30yrs. The samples were divided into two groups Group A without antioxidants supplements and Group B with antioxidants supplements. Salivary MDA levels and gingival health index was recorded at different time intervals from each group. Salivary Lipid peroxidation (Malondialdehyde) level was estimated using Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method and gingival status was investigated using Silness & Loe gingival index. Intragroup and intergroup comparison was statistically analyzed using student’s paired T test. Result: Increased salivary MDA levels and mild to moderate amount of gingivitis is seen in both groups. This is more pronounced after 24 hours of appliance placement. Improvement in salivary MDA levels and gingival health status is observed during the course of treatment, In Group B the salivary MDA levels and gingival health index score reached below their pretreatment values. However even after a span of 3 months the levels remained higher to their base values in Group A. Conclusion: Improvement in salivary MDA levels and gingival health status is observed following antioxidant therapy during course of treatment, indicating combating nature of antioxidant supplements in orthodontic patients.

scholarly journals Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse Mitigates Mental Fatigue Effects on Maximal Incremental Test Performance, but Not in Cortical Alterations

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cayque Brietzke ◽  
Paulo Estevão Franco-Alvarenga ◽  
Raul Canestri ◽  
Márcio Fagundes Goethel ◽  
Ítalo Vínicius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Mental Fatigue ◽  
Mouth Rinse ◽  
Incremental Test ◽  
Mouth Rinses ◽  
Spontaneous Behavior

Detrimental mental fatigue effects on exercise performance have been documented in constant workload and time trial exercises, but effects on a maximal incremental test (MIT) remain poorly investigated. Mental fatigue-reduced exercise performance is related to an increased effort sensation, likely due to a reduced prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation and inhibited spontaneous behavior. Interestingly, only a few studies verified if centrally active compounds may mitigate such effects. For example, carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinse potentiates exercise performance and reduces effort sensation, likely through its effects on PFC activation. However, it is unknown if this centrally mediated effect of CHO mouth rinse may mitigate mental fatigue-reduced exercise performance. After a proof-of-principle study, showing a mental fatigue-reduced MIT performance, we observed that CHO mouth rinse mitigated MIT performance reductions in mentally fatigued cyclists, regardless of PFC alterations. When compared to placebo, mentally fatigued cyclists improved MIT performance by 2.24–2.33% when rinsing their mouth with CHO during MIT. However, PFC and motor cortex activation during MIT in both CHO and placebo mouth rinses were greater than in mental fatigue. Results showed that CHO mouth rinse mitigated the mental fatigue-reduced MIT performance, but challenged the role of CHO mouth rinse on PFC and motor cortex activation.

Delafloxacin activity against Staphylococcus aureus with reduced susceptibility or resistance to methicillin, vancomycin, daptomycin or linezolid

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 2605-2608
Author(s):  
Louis D Saravolatz ◽  
Joan M Pawlak ◽  
Corinne Wegner
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Good Activity ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Skin Structure ◽  
Spectrum Activity ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms ◽  
Susceptibility Rate ◽  
Broad Spectrum Activity

Abstract Background Delafloxacin is a recently approved anionic fluoroquinolone antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. The drug has been approved for patients with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections including those caused by MRSA. There are limited data available against MRSA blood isolates (MRSABIs), vancomycin-intermediate strains (VISA), vancomycin-resistant strains (VRSA), daptomycin-non-susceptible strains (DNSSA) and linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LRSA). Methods Antimicrobial activity of delafloxacin, levofloxacin, vancomycin, daptomycin and linezolid was determined against 110 MRSABIs, 15 VRSA, 35 VISA, 40 DNSSA and 6 LRSA. Microdilution testing using CAMHB was used to determine MIC according to CLSI guidelines. FDA breakpoints were used to determine delafloxacin susceptibility, and CLSI breakpoints were used for all other antibiotics. PCR testing for molecular markers was performed. Results Delafloxacin demonstrated activity against MRSABIs with an MIC90 of 1 mg/L and 68% susceptibility. Against the other groups the MIC90 and susceptibility were 1 mg/L and 40%, respectively, for VISA, 4 mg/L and 7% for VRSA and 1 mg/L and 38% for DNSSA. None of the LRSA isolates was susceptible to delafloxacin. Delafloxacin was active against 94% of MRSA blood isolates that were genotype SCC IVa. For MRSABIs with a levofloxacin MIC ≥8 mg/L (55/110), suggesting multiple mutations in the QRDR, delafloxacin MIC90 was 1 mg/L with a 36.4% susceptibility rate. Conclusions Delafloxacin demonstrates superior activity to levofloxacin against recent MRSA blood isolates, VISA, VRSA and DNSSA, and demonstrates good activity against blood isolates most commonly found in the community.

scholarly journals 1588. Delafloxacin Activity Against Staphylococcus aureus with Reduced Susceptibility or Resistance to Methicillin, Vancomycin, Daptomycin, or Linezolid

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S579-S580
Author(s):  
Louis D Saravolatz ◽  
Joan Pawlak
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Spectrum Activity ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms ◽  
Mueller Hinton Broth ◽  
Broad Spectrum Activity

Abstract Background Delafloxacin is a recently approved anionic fluoroquinolone antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. The drug has been approved for patients with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections including those caused by methicillin-resistant S. aureus. There is limited data available against methicillin-resistant S. aureus blood isolates (MRSABI), vancomycin intermediate strains (VISA), vancomycin-resistant strains (VRSA), daptomycin non-susceptible strains (DNSSA) and linezolid-resistant S. aureus (LRSA). Methods Antimicrobial activity of delafloxacin, levofloxacin, vancomycin, daptomycin, ceftaroline, and linezolid was determined against recent (2016–2018) MRSABI (110), VRSA (15), VISA (35), DNSSA (40), and LRSA (6). Broth microdilution testing using Mueller–Hinton broth was used to determine minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) according to CLSI guidelines. FDA breakpoints were used to determine delafloxacin susceptibility, and CLSI breakpoints were used for all other antibiotics. Results Antimicrobial MIC90 expressed in mg/L and (% susceptible) None of the LRSA were susceptible to delafloxacin or levofloxacin. All strains that were susceptible to the antimicrobial agents above had an MBC that was the same as the MIC or one dilution greater except for linezolid which demonstrated an MBC that was more than eight-fold greater than the MIC. For MRSABI isolates with a levofloxacin MIC ≥ 8 mg/L (55/110) suggesting multiple mutations in the quinolone-resistant determining region, the delafloxacin MIC90 was 1 mg/L with a 36.4% susceptibility rate. Conclusion Delafloxacin demonstrates superior activity to levofloxacin against recent MRSA blood isolates, VISA, VRSA, and DNSSA. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Role of Extracellular Components in Microbial Biosorption of Copper and Lead

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (9-11) ◽  
pp. 2153-2156 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Pradhan ◽  
A. D. Levine
Keyword(s):  
Metal Removal ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Metallic Ions ◽  
Copper Uptake ◽  
Uptake Capacity ◽  
Inhibiting Effect ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Microbial System ◽  
Microbial Systems

Binding of metal ions to extracellular components of microbial systems plays an important role in biosorption processes. Besides pH and temperature, type of anionic system and concentration of the metallic ions are some of the governing factors determining the maximum uptake capacity of the microbial system. Actinomycetes show an ability to selectively scavenge metals from aqueous systems. A biosorption system was tested using a bimetallic solution containing lead and copper. Uptake of Pb was observed to increase with concentration. Chloride ions had an inhibiting effect on the metal removal capacity of the actinomycetes system.

scholarly journals The role of hospital environment in transmissions of multidrug-resistant gram-negative organisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Po Ying Chia ◽  
Sharmila Sengupta ◽  
Anjanna Kukreja ◽  
Sasheela S.L. Ponnampalavanar ◽  
Oon Tek Ng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms

The role of coronal contour in gingival health

1977 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sydney S. Wagman
Keyword(s):  
Gingival Health

scholarly journals Role of Dexamethasone in reducing Postoperative Sequelae following Impacted Mandibular Third Molar Surgery: A Comparative Clinical Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bipin C Reddy ◽  
Mueedul Islam ◽  
Azhar Khan ◽  
Shoaib N Parkar ◽  
Tanmoy Nath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Third Molar ◽  
Third Molar Surgery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dexamethasone Group ◽  
Impacted Mandibular Third Molar ◽  
Mandibular Third Molar ◽  
Comparative Clinical Study ◽  
Mandibular Third Molar Surgery

ABSTRACT Aims and objectives To understand the benefits of dexamethasone and compare the effects of submucosal vs intramuscular (IM) administration of dexamethasone in reducing postoperative sequelae following impacted mandibular third molar surgery. Materials and methods The study was conducted on 90 patients, who were divided into three groups of 30 each. The two experimental groups were given dexamethasone 4 mg submucosally or intramuscularly (preoperatively), and the control group did not receive any form of corticosteroid. Measurements of facial swelling and maximal interincisal distance were made preoperatively and on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th postoperative days. Pain was evaluated from patients' response to visual analog scale and recording the number of rescue analgesic tablets taken at the end of the 7th postoperative day. Results Both dexamethasone groups showed a significant reduction in pain, swelling, and trismus as compared with the control group at all intervals. There was a statistically significant reduction in magnitude of swelling in the submucosal dexamethasone group as compared with the IM dexamethasone group on the 1st postoperative day, but there was no significant difference among two experimental groups at other times and their effects were comparable for all variables. Conclusion Dexamethasone 4 mg is an effective therapeutic strategy for reducing postoperative sequelae following surgical removal of impacted third molars and submucosal dexamethasone is an effective alternative to dexamethasone given systemically. How to cite this article Imran M, Reddy BC, Islam M, Khan A, Parkar SN, Nath T. Role of Dexamethasone in reducing Postoperative Sequelae following Impacted Mandibular Third Molar Surgery: A Comparative Clinical Study. J Health Sci Res 2017;8(2):53-60.

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