scholarly journals Assessment of Facial Soft Tissue Thickness in Individuals having Skeletal Class II Malocclusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
Ravi Subrahmanya ◽  
Jacob T Kunnath ◽  
Harnoor Dhillon
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Facial Soft Tissue ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Soft Tissue Thickness

scholarly journals Modifications of Midfacial Soft-Tissue Thickness Among Different Skeletal Classes in Italian Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Daniele Gibelli ◽  
Matteo Zago ◽  
Annalisa Cappella ◽  
Claudia Dolci ◽  
Chiarella Sforza
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Facial Soft Tissue ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Soft Tissue Thickness ◽  
Italian Children ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The anatomical assessment of the arrangement of facial soft tissues has important applications in different fields from orthodontics to plastic surgery. One of the issues concerns the relationship between facial soft tissue thickness and skeletal class. Literature mainly deals with adult populations, whereas very few studies have been focused on children. Objective: This study aims at investigating the relationship between midline facial soft tissue thickness and skeletal classes in Italian pre-treatment orthodontic child patients. Methods: Lateral cephalometric X-ray films were obtained from 220 healthy Caucasoid children (91 males and 129 females), aged between 6 and 18 years (Class I: 41 males and 70 females; Class II: 18 males and 25 females; Class III: 32 males and 34 females). All the films were digitized and 14 soft tissue thicknesses were measured on the midface; in addition, the skeletal class was assessed according to the corrected ANB angle (ANBc). Differences in facial soft tissue thickness according to sex and skeletal class were assessed through two-way ANOVA test (p<0.01). Results: Statistically significant differences according to sex were found for labrale superius, stomion and labrale inferius, with thicker soft tissues in males than in females (p<0.01). Only measurements at labrale superius and gnathion showed statistically significant differences according to skeletal class, with thicker soft tissues in Class III children and thinner ones in Class II children (p<0.01). Conclusion: The limited number of investigations, as well as the differences in protocols, renders the comparison of results from different studies difficult, suggesting further investigations to enlighten this complex and debated anatomical issue.

scholarly journals Variation of Facial Soft Tissue Thickness in Nepalese Adult Orthodontic Subjects

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Ravi Kumar Mahto ◽  
Dashrath Kafle ◽  
Pankaj Kumar Singh ◽  
Sonika Khanal ◽  
Siddhartha Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Facial Soft Tissue ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Skeletal Malocclusion ◽  
Soft Tissue Thickness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Female Subjects

Introduction: Variations in facial soft tissue thickness have been established previously by studies conducted in different population. Hence, it is essential to obtain facial soft tissue thickness measurement data specific to a population and develop individual standards. The objective of this research is to obtain facial soft tissue thickness data of Nepalese adult male and female subjects seeking orthodontic treatment with different sagittal skeletal malocclusion and evaluate variations in facial soft tissue thickness. Materials & Method: Facial soft tissue thicknesses was measured manually on ninety pretreatment lateral cephalogram at eleven points (Glabella, Nasion, Rhinion, Subnasale, Labrale superius, Stomion, Labrale inferius, Labiomentale, Pogonion,Gnathion and Menton). One-way Analysis of variances [one-way ANOVA] followed by Least significant difference (LSD) post hoc test was used to determine difference in facial soft tissue thickness measurements among three sagittal skeletal group for both sexes. In addition, Student’s t-test was used to find difference in facial soft tissue thickness between the male and female subjects in each skeletal Class. Result: Statistically significant differences were found at points Rhinion, Subnasale, Labrale superius, Stomion and Gnathion in males and at Subnasale, Labrale superius, Stomion and Labrale inferius in females while comparing facial soft tissue thickness among three sagittal skeletal classes. Also, it was observed that mean facial soft tissue thickness was greater for males as compared to female subjects with significant differences at Subnasale, Labrale superius, and Labrale inferius in each skeletal Class. Conclusion: Facial soft tissue thickness varies considerably among different population group, sex and sagittal relationship of jaws.

scholarly journals Soft tissue thickness of face profile conditioning by dento-skeletal anomalies

2011 ◽  
Vol 139 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 439-445
Author(s):  
Tatjana Tanic ◽  
Zorica Blazej ◽  
Vladimir Mitic
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Facial Soft Tissue ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Skeletal Anomalies ◽  
Soft Tissue Thickness ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile

Introduction. Orthodontic treatment of dento-skeletal anomalies is generally based on the correction of teeth and jaws relationship, while it is expected that soft facial tissue spontaneously adapts to therapeutically achieved relationship and to accompany hard tissue changes. Objective. To establish facial soft tissue thickness conditioning by the presence of dento-skeletal anomalies. Methods. The study was performed at the Dental Clinic of Nis, and involved the analysis of cephalometric rendgenograms in 121 patients, aged 12-18 years, with no previous orthodontical treatment. According to dento-skeletal relationship between teeth and jaws the patients were divided into four groups; class I (control group), class II of division 1, class II of division 2 and class III. The standard analysis of dento-skeletal profile was done according to Steiner and soft tissue profile according to Burstone was done in all. Results. The patients of class II/1 had a significantly thinner upper lip (t=2.650; p<0.05) and thinner upper lip sulcus (t=1.999; p<0.05). The patients of class II/2 had a significantly thicker upper lip (t=2.912; p<0.01), while those of class III had a significantly thinner lower lip (t=3.900; p<0.001). Conclusion. The thickness of facial soft tissue considerably influences facial profile appearance in persons with a dento-skeletal anomaly. Not only do soft tissues adapt to the existing jaws relationship, but can also camouflage present anomalies.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Soft Tissue Chin Thickness in Adult Patients with Skeletal Class II Malocclusion with Various Vertical Growth Patterns: a Cephalometric Study

Folia Medica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
Harshal Santosh Patil ◽  
Sangeeta Golwalkar ◽  
Kishor Chougule ◽  
Nishita Rajeev Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Soft Tissue Thickness ◽  
Group I ◽  
Anterior Cranial Base

Introduction: Facial soft tissue thickness is important not only for plastic surgeons but also for orthodontists to plan the treatment procedure. Genioplasty, an orthognathic surgery in combination with orthodontic treatment is indicated to restore adequate shape and projection of the chin in the face. It has been performed to enhance soft tissue contours related to disproportion between soft and hard tissue. These treatments require the critical information regarding the relation between soft and hard tissues for proper treatment plan-ning. However, there is very minimal documentation on comparison of soft tissue characteristics particularly in Class II malocclusion.&nbsp; Aim: To evaluate and compare soft tissue chin thickness in class II subjects with various growth patterns. To evaluate soft tissue chin thickness difference in males and females and compare the results with previous studies.&nbsp; Materials and methods: The study comprised 150 adults aged between 18 and 26 years (mean age 21 years). Based on FH/MP angle the study sample was allocated into three groups: group I - low (hypodivergent), group II &ndash; average, and group III - high (hyper-divergent). Radiographs were traced manually. Angular measurements were computed to determine the vertical position of the maxilla and mandible in relation to anterior cranial base, to true horizontal and to each other. Soft tissue chin thickness was measured at three different levels.&nbsp; Results: Hyperdivergent group showed greater soft tissue chin thickness at Pog-Pog&rsquo; than the hypodivergent and average angle groups. Hypodivergent group showed greater soft tissue chin thickness at Me-Me&rsquo; and Gn-Gn&rsquo; as compared to average and hyperdivergent groups. Males showed greater soft tissue chin thickness at hypodivergent, average and hyperdivergent group than females.&nbsp; Conclusions: Soft tissue thickness measurements were smaller in adult patients of hyperdivergent group compared to adult patients in clinically average and hypodivergent groups. All STC measurements were greater in men than in women. The findings suggested that STC thickness in hyperdivergent pattern should be considered differently at its most anterior point (Pog) relative to its inferior landmarks (Gn and Me).

scholarly journals The Effects of Functional Appliances on Female Patients with Skeletal Class II Malocclusion 6 Months after Menarche

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 286-293
Author(s):  
Ali AM Jouybari ◽  
Valiallah Arash ◽  
Saeid Tavanafar ◽  
Soraya Khafri ◽  
Zahra Dehghan
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile ◽  
Functional Appliances ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Aim To investigate the skeletal, dental, and soft tissue changes in girls with class II division 1 malocclusion after growth spurt peak under the effect of activator appliance. Materials and methods In this clinical trial study, 15 female patients, with skeletal class II and mandibular growth deficiency and at least 5 mm overjet, were randomly selected 6 months after their menarche. The mean of their ages at the beginning was 12.33 ± 0.81 years, and in the end it was 13.73 ± 0.79 years; the mean duration of treatment was 12.2 ± 3.18 months. Lateral, cephalometric radiographs were taken from all the patients before and after the treatment. Data were analyzed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 20 using paired t-test. Results On an average, the ANB angle, the angle of the upper incisors with the S-N, facial convexity, and overjet decreased by 2.6° ± 0.9, 5.4° ± 0.8, 3.8° ± 3.4, and 5.6 ± 1.8 mm respectively. The SNB angle, the angle of the lower incisors with the N-B, the labiomental angle, the total length of the mandible, the lower anterior facial height, the lower lip distance, the first molar of the mandible, and the soft tissue pogonion to the vertical line from the S point increased by 2.8° ± 1.8, 3.4° ± 3, 14.7 ± 15, 3.7 ± 2.6, 2.1 ± 1.6, 6.3 ± 2.5, 4.4 ± 2.4, and 6 ± 3.3 mm respectively. All these figures were statistically significant (p = 0.000). Conclusion The functional appliance improved the dental–skeletal relations and the soft tissue profile of patients after growth spurt peak of puberty in a group of Iranian girls, whereas dental changes were more than skeletal ones. Clinical significance Functional appliances can be used for correction of skeletal class II malocclusion 6 months after menarche in girls. How to cite this article Jouybari AAM, Arash V, Tavanafar S, Khafri S, Dehghan Z. The Effects of Functional Appliances on Female Patients with Skeletal Class II Malocclusion 6 Months after Menarche. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(4):286-293.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Evaluation of Soft Tissues in Hyperdivergent Skeletal Class II Females in Guangdong

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueqin Zhang ◽  
Jianqing Deng ◽  
Zhaoxiang Wen ◽  
Zhengyuan Chen ◽  
Liyi Gan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Hard Tissue ◽  
Facial Soft Tissue ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii

Abstract Background: To establish the three-dimensional facial soft tissue morphology of adolescent and adult females in the Guangdong ethnic group and to study the morphological characteristics of hyperdivergent skeletal class Ⅱ females in Guangdong compared with the characteristics of normal groups.Materials and Methods: The 3dMDface system was used to capture face scans of 160 patients, including 45 normal and 35 hyperdivergent skeletal class II adolescents (aged 11–14 years old) and 45 normal and 35 hyperdivergent skeletal class II adults (aged 18–30 years old). Thirty-two soft tissue landmarks were mapped, and 21 linear, 10 angular and 17 ratio measurements were obtained by 3dMDvultus analysis software. Data were assessed with a t-test of two independent samples between the normal adolescent and adult groups and between the normal and hyperdivergent skeletal class II groups.Results: The linear measurements of the Guangdong adult females were larger than those of the adolescents. However, the angular and ratio measurements had little difference. The vertical linear measurements were higher and the sagittal and transverse linear measurements were smaller in the hyperdivergent class II group (p<0.05). The soft tissue ANB angle, chin-lip angle, and mandibular angle were significantly larger and the soft tissue facial convexity angle and nasal convexity angle were significantly smaller in the hyperdivergent class II group (p<0.05). Additionally, there were significant differences in the ratio measurements between the hyperdivergent class II groups and the control groups (p<0.05).Conclusions: The three-dimensional facial morphology of Guangdong adolescent and adult females was acquired. The facial soft tissue measurements of the adults were higher in height, width and depth, suggesting that from the adolescent to adult period, facial soft tissue grows in three dimensions. However, the facial convexity and proportional relationships were similar, suggesting that the growth pattern remained the same. The three-dimensional facial soft tissue features of hyperdivergent skeletal class II were characterized by the terms “long, convex, and narrow”, which was similar to the hard tissue features of hyperdivergent skeletal class II seen in previous studies. Three-dimensional facial measurements can reflect intrinsic hard tissue characteristics.

scholarly journals Evaluation of facial soft tissue thickness in asymmetric mandibular deformities after orthognathic surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luo Huang ◽  
Zhicong Li ◽  
Jing Yan ◽  
Lunqiu Chen ◽  
Zheng-guo Piao
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Orthognathic Surgery ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Facial Soft Tissue ◽  
Thickness Change ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Soft Tissue Thickness ◽  
The Face

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to compare differences in facial soft tissue thickness in three-dimensional (3D) images before and after orthognathic surgery in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion and to obtain a better understanding of the relationship between hard and soft tissue changes after surgery. Materials and method The present retrospective study included 31 patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion with mandibular chin deviation greater than 4 mm who had undergone cone-beam computed tomography before and 6 months after surgery. Seven bilateral points were established. Measurements were taken from software-generated multiplanar reconstructions. The predictor variables were timing (pre- and postoperatively) and side (deviated vs. nondedicated). A regression model and correlation analysis were conducted for statistical analysis. Results The difference of bilateral facial soft tissue thickness was statistically significantly different between deviated and nondeviated sides (P < 0.05), with lower values observed on the deviated side. The soft tissue thickness has become nearly symmetric at local regions of the lower thirds of the face after orthognathic surgery. However, most measurements showed a negative correlation between changes in soft tissue thickness and changes in bone tissues. Conclusions Skeletal Class III malocclusion with facial asymmetry is accompanied by differences in soft tissue thickness when comparing Dev and N-Dev sides of the posterior region of the mandible, where soft tissues are thinner on the Dev side. Soft tissue thickness can compensate for or camouflage the underlying asymmetric mandible. In addition, the asymmetric soft tissue thickness on the lower third of the face can be partially improved by orthognathic surgery, but the amount of soft tissue thickness change is not consistent with that of hard tissue positional change.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Hard-Tissue and Soft-Tissue Changes following Fixed Functional Appliance Treatment in a Skeletal Class II Malocclusion Using Forsus and PowerScope

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prajwal Shetty ◽  
Mukul Shetty ◽  
Maitreyi Chalapati ◽  
Chaitra Kori ◽  
Crystal Runa Soans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Functional Appliance ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Fixed Functional Appliance ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Tissue Changes ◽  
Skeletal Effects ◽  
Soft Tissue Changes

Abstract Introduction The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the skeletal, dentoalveolar and soft-tissue effects of 2 fixed functional appliance; Forsus Fatigue Resistance Device (FFRD) and PowerScope appliance in treating patients with skeletal class II division 1 malocclusion. Materials and Methods This comparative prospective two-group study included 20 patients with a mean age of 11.2 ± 1.6 years with skeletal class II malocclusion with retrognathic mandible. One group was treated with FFRD, and second group was treated with PowerScope appliance. Lateral cephalograms were evaluated at T1 (pre-functional appliance treatment)) and at T2 (postappliance treatment). Cephalometric values were calculated and assessed to evaluate skeletal, dentoalveolar and soft-tissue changes. Results Sagittal correction of class II malocclusion appeared to be mainly achieved by dentoalveolar changes in the PowerScope group. The FFRD was able to induce both skeletal and dentoalveolar changes. A favorable influence on facial convexity was achieved by both groups. A significant increase in upper pharynx and lower pharynx dimension was seen in the PowerScope group. A statistically significant decrease in upper lip protrusion, increase in lower lip protrusion, increased nasolabial angle, and decrease in inferior labial sulcus were noted in both the groups. Lower incisors proclined more in the PowerScope group. Conclusion Both appliances were effective in correcting class II malocclusion. Forsus had more skeletal effects on the mandible, whereas PowerScope had less skeletal effects on the mandible and more dentoalveolar effects, contributing to class II correction. Both groups showed a significant improvement in soft-tissue profile. PowerScope group showed a significant increase in airway dimensions

scholarly journals Perubahan harmoni wajah pasca perawatan kelas II skeletal dengan pencabutan dua premolar satu atas menurut analisis Arnett dan BergmanChanges in facial harmony after skeletal class II treatment with extraction of two maxillary first premolars based on Arnett and Bergman analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Muslim Yusuf ◽  
Nurhayati Harahap ◽  
Dhita Kartika Nasution
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Class Ii Treatment ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Facial Harmony

Pendahuluan: Arnett dan Bergman (1999) membuktikan bahwa perawatan ortodonti, analisis jaringan lunak wajah, diagnosis dan rencana perawatan memiliki parameter nilai harmoni sebagai kunci penetapan estetika wajah. Perawatan maloklusi klas II skeletal disertai proganotisme maksilaris umumnya dilakukan dengan pencabutan dua premolar satu atas untuk mengkoreksi profil wajah pasien. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis perubahan nilai harmoni wajah pasca perawatan maloklusi kelas II dengan pencabutan premolar satu atas menurut analisa Arnett dan Bergman. Metode: Jenis penelitian analitik observasional dengan teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling. Sampel penelitian 72 foto sefalometri lateral maloklusi kelas II skeletal sebelum dan setelah perawatan ortodonti. Penilaian harmoni jaringan lunak dibagi menjadi 4, yaitu harmoni intramandibular, harmoni antar rahang, orbita ke rahang dan keseimbangan wajah. Data menggunakan Shapiro Wilk menunjukkan tidak berdistribusi normal. Uji yang digunakan Shapiro Wilk dan  analisis Spearman. Hasil: Terdapat perubahan harmoni intramandibular dan keseimbangan wajah pada maloklusi kelas II skeletal dengan pencabutan premolar satu atas sebelum dan setelah perawatan (p=0,025;p=0,032). Tidak terdapat perubahan nilai harmoni antar rahang dan orbita ke rahang pada maloklusi kelas II skeletal dengan pencabutan premolar satu atas sebelum dan setelah perawatan. Ada pengaruh besar retraksi gigi insisivus terhadap nilai harmoni wajah sebelum dan setelah perawatan pada perawatan kelas II dengan pencabutan dua premolar atas (p= 0.001). Simpulan: Perawatan maloklusi kelas II skeletal dengan pencabutan dua premolar satu atas  memiliki hubungan antara besar retraksi dengan perubahan nilai harmoni wajah berdasarkan analisa Arnett dan Bergmann. Kata kunci: Maloklusi kelas II skeletal, pencabutan dua premolar pertama atas, nilai harmoni wajah. ABSTRACT Introduction: Arnett and Bergman (1999) have proved that orthodontic treatment, facial soft tissue analysis, diagnosis, and treatment plan have parameters of harmony values as the key to determining facial aesthetics. Treatment of skeletal class II malocclusion with maxillary prognathism is generally performed by extracting two maxillary first premolars to correct the patient’s facial profile. This study was aimed to analyse changes in the facial harmony values after class II malocclusion treatment with the extraction of the maxillary first premolar following Arnett and Bergman’s analysis. Methods: This research was observational analytic with a purposive sampling technique. The study sample was 72 images of skeletal class II malocclusion lateral cephalometry before and after orthodontic treatment. Assessment of soft tissue harmony was divided into four, namely intramandibular harmony, intermaxillary harmony, orbital to jaw harmony, and facial balance. Data was not normally distributed, as resulted from Shapiro Wilk analysis. The analysis in this study was conducted using Shapiro Wilk and Spearman’s analysis. Results: There were changes in intramandibular harmony and facial balance in skeletal class II malocclusion with the maxillary first premolar extraction before and after treatment (p=0.025 and p=0.032, respectively ). There was no change found in the value of intermaxillary harmony and the orbital to the jaw harmony in skeletal class II malocclusion with extraction of the maxillary first premolar before and after treatment. There was a high effect of incisor retraction on the facial harmony values before and after treatment in class II treatment with extraction of two maxillary premolars (p=0.001). Conclusion: Treatment of skeletal class II malocclusion with extraction of two maxillary first premolars has a relationship between the magnitude of retraction and changes in facial harmony values based on Arnett and Bergmann’s analysis.Keywords: Class II skeletal malocclusion, extraction of two maxillary first premolar, facial harmony.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document