Assessment of Medication Adherence in Type II Diabetic Patients: A Cross-sectional Study

Diabetes mellitus is a growing cause of disease burden worldwide. In order to maintain the glycemic control, multifaceted management and pharmacotherapy are playing vital role. Data related to medication adherence among the affected patients are not much recorded in developing countries like India. In this study, the level of adherence and factor influencing non-adherence to diabetic medication among patients with type II diabetes was assessed. This is a hospital based cross sectional study among adult patients receiving diabetic care. The medication adherence was assessed using the Medication compliance questionnaire. Factors associated with non-adherence to medication were determined using basic and adjusted multivariable logistic regression models. A total of 101 patients with type II diabetes were recruited for this study. Most of the patients told that they practiced both aerobic exercises and diet along with their medication for diabetic management. Nearly 90% of the patients adherent to diet and maximum of 73% patients took oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA) alone followed both combination of OHA and insulin. Out of 101 patients, 67 had co-morbid psychiatric illness including mood disorders, neurotic stress and somatoform disorder. Adherence to treatment with diabetic is moderate in this study with more than half of participants being non-adherent. Urgent interventions are required to tackle this problem in combined efforts to stem this looming diabetes epidemic. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, life style modifications, treatment adherence

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A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON SELF-REPORTED QUESTIONNAIRES TO ASSESS MEDICATION ADHERENCE IN DIABETIC PATIENTS

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine ◽

10.37268/mjphm/vol.21/no.2/art.1048 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 359-373

Author(s):

Much Ilham Novalisa Aji Wibowo ◽

Nanang Munif Yasin ◽

Susi Ari Kristina ◽

Yayi Suryo Prabandari

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Medication Adherence ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Measurement Scales ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adherence Measurement

Adherence to pharmacological therapies are keys to effective treatments in diabetic patients. Previous reviews found that most adherence measurement studies on chronic diseases used a self-reported scale. However, there is no consensus on the best scale to measure adherence in diabetic patients. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify the potential self-reported scale that could be considered for measuring medication adherence in diabetic patients and to provide recommendations for researchers or clinicians to determine appropriate adherence self-reported scales in diabetic patients. This review follows general guidelines in the implementation of systematic reviews. After further review, it was found that 33 studies met all inclusion criteria from 4 databases (Wiley, Science Direct, Scopus, and PubMed). The articles were done by the PRISMA, while the keywords were determined by the PICO method. Most research was conducted in Asia (69.7%) and America (18.2%) on patients with type 2 diabetes (81.3%), patients in hospitals (54.5%), suffering for 1–6 months (54.5%), and using a cross-sectional study design (78.8%). HbA1c clinic data (57.6%) were used in most studies as biological markers of adherence. The measurement scales of medication adherence in diabetic patients are MMAS-8 (57,.5%), MMAS-4 (12.1%), BMQ (9%), MCQ (6%), ARMS (3%), ARMS-D (3%), GMAS (3%), LMAS-14 (3%), and MARS-5 (3%). This review provides information on the different self-reported scales most widely used in diabetic medication adherence research. Various aspects need to be considered before choosing the scale of adherence.

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Diabetes knowledge, medication adherence, and glycemic control among diabetic patients: A cross-sectional study in Jordan

Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science ◽

10.7324/japs.2020.104007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 41-46

Keyword(s):

Medication Adherence ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Diabetes Knowledge ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

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A Cross-Sectional Study of the Candidal Species Isolated in the Oral Cavities of Type II Diabetic Patients

Makara Journal of Health Research ◽

10.7454/msk.v21i3.7720 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Patcharaphol Samnieng ◽

Sita Sonthayasathapon ◽

Masjutha Siriwat ◽

Supanee Jeamanukulkit

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type Ii ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Candidal Species

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Depression In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus : A Cross-Sectional Study In Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital In India

Journal of Diabetes and Endocrine Association of Nepal ◽

10.3126/jdean.v2i1.21196 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 24-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P. Varma ◽

R. Kant ◽

P.P. Mishra

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type Ii ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prevalence Of Depression

Introduction: In our country, number of patients of diabetes is increasing every year, so of depression. The emotional consequences of diabetes have been scrutinized in a number of studies and varying results about the association of depression with type 2 diabetes mellitus have been found. While depression may contribute to poor diabetes-related outcomes, diabetes and its complications may also contribute to poor depression outcomes. Both conditions may have common underlying biological and behavioural mechanisms, such as genetic susceptibility and common pathophysiological mechanism. AIM-To assess the prevalence and the factors associated with depression among the patients with type II diabetes mellitus.Materials and Methods: Single centre, descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted in tertiary care teaching hospital in India for a period of 8 months. 586 type II diabetes patients aged between 30 and 70 years were included. Patients taking mood elevator drugs, suffering from mental illness, gestational diabetes and type 1 diabetes were excluded from the study. Physicians Health Questionnare-9 (PHQ-9) with a score of ≥5 was used to make the diagnosis of depression.Results: Prevalence of depression among the diabetic patients found to be 49.48%. Many factors have been found to be associated with increased prevalence of depression among diabetic patients such as age, female gender, house wife, high BMI, diabetes duration, diabetes related complications, comorbid conditions and poor glycaemic control with poor follow-up.Conclusion: By managing both depression and diabetes concurrently, better outcome in patients and increase in overall quality of life can be achieved. Early detection and treatment of depression by effectively screening all diabetic patients for depression would help to bring down the severity of depression among these patients.Jour of Diab and Endo Assoc of Nepal 2018; 2 (1): 24-28

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A comparison of self-care activities and diabetes distress among type II diabetic patients in urban and rural field practice area: a cross-sectional study

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20205185 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 5063

Author(s):

Pooja S. Todalabagi ◽

Manjula R. ◽

Ashok S. Dorle

Keyword(s):

Self Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Self Management ◽

Diabetes Distress ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type Ii ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Field Practice ◽

Study Participants

Background: Diabetes is a challenging disease that is considered to be hard to live with as it encompasses a lot of restrictive instructions. Self-care diabetes has been defined as an evolutionary process of development of knowledge or awareness by learning to survive with the complex nature of diabetes. Diabetic distress refer to an emotional state where people experience feelings such as stress, guilt or denial that arise from the living with diabetes and the burden of self-management. The emotional distress facing people with diabetes due to such life style restriction. The objectives were to evaluate self-care activities related to diabetes among type II diabetic patients using diabetes self-management questionnaire and to assess and compare the diabetes distress score using diabetes distress scale among urban and rural type II diabetic patient.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 140 urban and 70 rural study participants in field practice area of SNMC, Bagalkot. Diabetic self-care activities and diabetic distress were analyzed.Results: Our study showed most of the study participants had poor self-care activities. Our study showed 60% of rural participants screen positive for moderate diabetic distress where as 52.1% of urban participants showed positive for high diabetic distress.Conclusions: To combat the stress associated with diabetes, it is important to educate the patient to adapt with change in their life style following the diagnosis of diabetes.

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Assessment of Anti-Diabetic Medications Adherence among Diabetic Patients in Sana’a City, Yemen: A Cross Sectional Study

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2020/v32i2130761 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 114-122

Author(s):

Gamil Othman ◽

Faisal Ali ◽

Mohamed Izham Mohamed Ibrahim ◽

Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi ◽

Mukhtar Ansari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medication Adherence ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Adherence Rate ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Public And Private ◽

High Level

Background: Lack of adherence to anti-diabetic medications use is linked with suboptimal glycemic control which in turn leads to increase rate of diabetic complications. The adherence to anti-diabetic medications among adult diabetic patients in Sana'a city has not been yet evaluated. Objective: This study, therefore, assessed the extent to which diabetic patients are adherent to their antidiabetic medications and explored the factors underlying such adherence attitude in Sana’a City, Yemen. Methods: A cross-sectional method was conducted among a sample of 365 diabetic patients attending public and private hospitals from March to April 2017 in Sana'a City-Yemen. Random patients were selected and data regarding their treatment adherence were obtained using a questionnaire. Adherence to diabetes medications was measured using medication adherence index followed by structured interviews. Descriptive analysis was used to compare between different groups of diabetic patients. Bivariate analyses were conducted to evaluate the associations between clinical variables. Results: The cross-sectional study included 365 patients (263 males; 102 females). A high level of medication adherence rate to anti-diabetic drugs in the present study was (70%). The adherence rate was not similar in both genders where males were more adherent than females. The most common reason for non-adherence was forgetfulness (n= 67; 61%). While the lowest factor for non-adherence was associated with ineffective (n= 7; 6%). Adherence was strongly associated with diabetes duration, monthly income, blood sugar monitoring, communication with physician, and patient’s knowledge regarding importance of medication use (p <0.05). Conclusions: The degree of adherence in patients with diabetes in Sana’a to anti-diabetic medication was shown to be mostly suboptimal. The medication adherence levels are still crucial strategy for optimal treatment against diabetes. However, additional studies on strategies to improve adherence rate and health care should be carried out in the future.

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