Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Schoolteachers toward Their Oral Health in Nalgonda District, Telangana, India: A Cross-sectional Study

This study aims to estimate the free sugars intake, identify the primary food sources of free sugars, and explore the relationship between free sugars intake and dental caries among Chinese adolescents. This cross-sectional study included 1517 middle-school students aged 12–14 years in Changsha city, China. Adolescents completed a 12-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and oral health assessment. The students’ dental caries experience was available as DMFT score (number of decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth). Statistical analyses included the Mann–Whitney test, Kruskal–Wallis test, Chi-square test, and binary logistic regression model. The average intake of free sugars was 53.1 g/d in adolescents, and 43.2% of the students consumed more than 50 g of free sugars daily. The primary contributor to free sugars was sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). Age, boarders, and high family income were risk factors for excessive free sugars intake (p < 0.05), and increased free sugars intake was a risk factor for dental caries (odds ratio, OR = 1.446, 95% confidence interval: 1.138–1.839). Both the free sugars intake and dental caries prevalence in Chinese adolescents were high. Targeted interventions are urgently needed to address the excessive consumption of free sugars and improve Chinese adolescents’ oral health.

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Oral Health Status of 12-Year-Old Hani Children in the Yunnan Province of China: A Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18105294 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (10) ◽

pp. 5294

Author(s):

Kitty Jieyi Chen ◽

Ni Zhou ◽

Biao Xu ◽

Yuexiao Li ◽

Shinan Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Oral Health ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Yunnan Province ◽

Dental Fluorosis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Oral Health Status ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Gingival Bleeding

Background: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the oral health status of Hani 12-year-old children in Yunnan, a province in Southwest China. Method: This study employed a multistage sampling method to recruit children from local primary schools. Two calibrated dentists examined the status of dental caries, gingival bleeding and dental fluorosis by adopting the diagnosis criteria recommended by the World Health Organization. A self-administrated questionnaire was distributed. The chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were conducted. Results: This study invited 480 Hani children, and recruited 413 children (52% boys) (response rate: 86%). The dental caries prevalence was 52%, and the caries experience associated with the mean (standard deviation) decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) score was 1.10 (1.46). Gingival bleeding was diagnosed in 252 children (61%), and dental fluorosis was found in two children (0.5%). The results of the regression model indicated the prevalence of dental caries were associated with sugary snacking habits (p = 0.002). The prevalence of gingival bleeding was related to the mother’s education level as well as the child’s monthly pocket money (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Dental caries and gingival bleeding were prevalent among 12-year-old Hani children in the Yunnan province in China. Dental fluorosis was uncommon.

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Association between socioeconomic status and dental caries among Chinese preschool children: a cross-sectional national study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042908 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. e042908

Author(s):

Tingting Zhang ◽

Jialan Hong ◽

Xueting Yu ◽

Qiulin Liu ◽

Andi Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Preschool Children ◽

Oral Health ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Household Income ◽

Parental Education ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Index Of Inequality

ObjectivesSocioeconomic inequalities in oral health are often neglected in oral health promotion. This cross-sectional study assessed the association between dental caries and socioeconomic status (SES) among preschool children in China.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingData from the Fourth National Oral Health Survey of China (2015), comprising of 40 360 children aged 3–5 years was used.MethodsDental caries indicators including prevalence of dental caries, dental pain experience and number of decayed, missing and filling teeth (dmft). SES indicators included parental education and household income. The associations between SES and dental caries were analysed by using negative binomial regression or Poisson regression models according to data distribution. Relative and absolute inequalities in dental caries were quantified by using the Relative Index of Inequality (RII) and Slope Index of Inequality (SII), respectively.ResultsThere were significant associations between SES and prevalence of dental caries and dmft (p<0.001). Children from lower educated (RII 1.36, 95% CI 1.3 to 1.43; SII 0.97, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.13) and lower household income (RII 1.17, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.24; SII 0.55, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.75) families had higher dmft than those from well-educated and most affluent families. Relative and absolute inequalities in dental caries were larger in urban areas by household income, and in rural areas by parental education.ConclusionsAssociation between dental caries and SES was demonstrated and socioeconomic inequalities in dental caries existed among Chinese preschool children.

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A Cross-Sectional Study of Bitter-Taste Receptor Genotypes, Oral Health, and Markers of Oral Inflammation

Oral ◽

10.3390/oral1020013 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 122-138

Author(s):

Kiranjit Kaur ◽

Alexandria Turner ◽

Patrice Jones ◽

Dean Sculley ◽

Martin Veysey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Bitter Taste ◽

Taste Receptor ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Bitter Taste Receptor ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Oral Inflammation ◽

Major Allele

(1) Background: The aetiology of oral disease is multifactorial, involving genetic and environmental factors, including dietary ones. Bitter taste genetics may be related to oral health through dietary modulation or non-gustatory roles, including modulation of inflammation. Investigations of bitter taste and oral health associations to date have been restricted to specific polymorphisms, limited outcomes (caries), and age-groups (children), and links to inflammation remain to be elucidated. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study (n = 65) investigated the correlations between bitter taste genotypes, oral health outcomes, and oral inflammation markers. Oral examinations were conducted, including saliva testing with evaluation of flow rate, pH, and buffering and antioxidant capacity (FRAP) and IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 levels. DNA was collected via buccal swabs and used to evaluate the presence of multiple bitter-taste receptor gene polymorphisms. (3) Results: The major allele for TAS2R4-rs2233998, TAS2R5-rs2227264, TAS2R50-rs1376251, and TAS2R9-rs3741845 was associated with a higher mean of unstimulated salivary flow rate, FRAP, TNF-α, IL-1β, and likelihood of filled teeth. Presence of the major allele for TAS2R4-rs2234001 and TAS2R9-rs3741845 was associated with lower means FRAP, TNF-α, IL-1β, DMFT index, and likelihood of missing teeth. (4) Conclusions: These findings suggest relationships between bitter-taste genotypes, oral health outcomes, and inflammatory markers. These findings justify the need for further studies that could help identify risk groups and develop novel agents for maintaining oral health.

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Association between oral health and thyroid disorders: a population based cross‐sectional study

Oral Diseases ◽

10.1111/odi.13895 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Minsu Kwon ◽

Yu‐Jin Jeong ◽

Jiwon Kwak ◽

Kwang‐Yoon Jung ◽

Seung‐Kuk Baek

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Thyroid Disorders ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

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Functional status and oral health in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A cross-sectional study

Neurorehabilitation ◽

10.3233/nre-201537 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Alessandro de Sire ◽

Marco Invernizzi ◽

Martina Ferrillo ◽

Francesca Gimigliano ◽

Alessio Baricich ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Status ◽

Oral Health ◽

Functional Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Oral Health Status ◽

Multidisciplinary Management ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lateral Sclerosis

BACKGROUND: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting upper and lower motor neurons. The current practice of caring for patients affected by ALS involves a multidisciplinary team without any indication about oral health care. OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate the functional status and oral health in patients with ALS to define a specific multidisciplinary management. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we included patients affected by ALS, evaluating their functional status, using the Revised ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R) and their oral health status through specific parameters, including Brief Oral Health Status Examination (BOHSE), Winkel Tongue Coating Index (WTCI), and Oral Food Debris Index (OFDI). RESULTS: All 37 patients (mean age: 61.19±11.56 years) showed a poor oral status, independent from the functional status and strictly correlated to the severity of sialorrhea (p = 0.01). OFDI index was negatively correlated with the ALSFRS-R upper limb (p = 0.03). Patients with bulbar onset had significantly lower ability to perform adequate tongue movements in terms of protrusion (p = 0.006) and lateralization (p < 0.001). Significant negative correlations between survival rate and BOHSE (p = 0.03) was found. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our findings showed that a poor oral health status might be correlated to a worse functional status and survival time. Thus, an adequate oral health care and rehabilitation should be considered as crucial in the multidisciplinary management of patients with ALS.

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Oral health as predictors of family functioning: A cross-cultural adaptation and validation of Hindi version of family impact scale – A cross-sectional study

Pediatric Dental Journal ◽

10.1016/j.pdj.2021.01.006 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bharathi M. Purohit ◽

Abhinav Singh ◽

Ashish Dwivedi ◽

Abhishek Purohit

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Family Functioning ◽

Cultural Adaptation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Family Impact ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cross Cultural Adaptation ◽

Impact Scale

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Pre-schoolers’ tooth brushing behaviour and association with their oral health: a cross sectional study

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-021-01643-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Iqra Muhammad Khan ◽

Shani Ann Mani ◽

Jennifer Geraldine Doss ◽

Mahmoud Danaee ◽

Lydia Yi Li Kong

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Oral Health ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Parental Involvement ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Parental Supervision ◽

Gingival Index ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Plaque Score

Abstract Background Toothbrushing is an important yet neglected behaviour that affects the oral health of preschool children. Little is reported on parental supervision, an essential aspect of routine effective toothbrushing in this age group. The aim of this study was to evaluate pre-schoolers’ toothbrushing behaviour including parental involvement and its association with their oral health. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 92 preschool children (4–6 years) were invited to participate with their parents/guardians. Nine parameters of toothbrushing behaviour were assessed from parental responses (questionnaire) and observation of child and parents/guardians (video recording). Oral examination included recording plaque, gingival and dental caries indices. BORIS software was used to assess toothbrushing parameters and Smart PLS was used to perform association with a second-generation multivariate analysis to create models with and without confounding factors. Results Girls were slightly more (53%) than boys (47%). Children aged 4 years were slightly more in number (38%), followed by 6-year-olds and 5-year-olds. Nearly, 90% parents had tertiary education and 46% had more than 2 children. Differences were recorded in the reported and observed behaviour. Thirty-five percent parents/guardians reported using pea-size toothpaste amount but only 28% were observed. Forty percent reported to brush for 30 s–1 min, however 51% were observed to brush for 1–2 min. Half the children were observed to use fluoridated toothpaste (F < 1000 ppm) under parental supervision (11%). The mean (SD) plaque score reduction after toothbrushing was 10.80 (2.46), mean pre-brushing plaque score was 90.3 (10.2), mean gingival index was 0.89 (0.65) and mean dental caries status (ICDAS(1–6)) was 18.87 (12.39). Toothbrushing behaviour in terms of toothbrushing technique, duration, pattern and frequency, toothbrush type and grip type, toothpaste type and amount, post-brushing mouth rinsing and parental involvement contributed significantly to plaque score change (86%), dental caries status (73%), gingival index (66%) and pre-brushing plaque score (31%). The significant confounding variables had a small influence on oral health of preschool children. Conclusions Preschool children’s toothbrushing behaviour was inadequate while their oral health was poor, with a significant association between the two parameters.

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