Choosing Performance-Based Outcome Measures of Daily Living Skills and Socialization for Clinical Trials in Autistic Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roseann C. Schaaf ◽  
Amy Carroll ◽  
Elizabeth Conte Waskie ◽  
Rachel L. Dumont ◽  
Elizabeth Ridgway
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Daily Living Skills ◽  
Living Skills ◽  
Therapy Interventions ◽  
Occupational Therapy Interventions

Importance: Robust and psychometrically sound performance-based outcome measures are needed for clinical trials of occupational therapy interventions for children with autism. Objective: To demonstrate a systematic approach for choosing psychometrically sound performance-based outcome measures of daily living skills and socialization for use in clinical trials of occupational therapy interventions for children with autism. Design: Rapid literature review to identify appropriate measures for studies with this population followed by quality indicator ratings and a nominal group process. Setting: University. Participants: Four experts in autism and pediatric outcome measurement. Outcomes and Measures: Twenty-one outcome measures of daily living skills and socialization were identified and reviewed. Results: Seven measures met the inclusion criteria. The Assessment of Motor and Process Skills and the Evaluation of Social Interaction–Second Edition, received the highest ratings and group consensus. Several other measures were also scored highly. Conclusions and Relevance: Careful assessment of psychometric properties is an important component of choosing outcome measures for a clinical trial, but burden of assessment and study objectives are important considerations. What This Article Adds: This project demonstrates use of a systematic process for choosing outcome measures for a planned clinical trial.

Limitations in Activities of Daily Living Among Spanish Women Diagnosed With Endometriosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Lozano-Lozano ◽  
Antonio Mundo-López ◽  
Ainhoa P. San-Sebastian ◽  
Noelia Galiano-Castillo ◽  
Carolina Fernandez-Lao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Occupational Performance ◽  
Therapy Interventions ◽  
Occupational Therapy Interventions ◽  
The Impact

Importance: Understanding the impact of endometriosis symptoms on patients’ activities of daily living (ADLs) is a priority to establish effective and personalized intervention programs. Objective: To explore limitations in ADLs and instrumental ADLs (IADLs) and their association with pelvic pain (PP), chronic fatigue, and pain-catastrophizing thoughts among women with endometriosis. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Spain. Participants: Two hundred thirty women with endometriosis. Outcomes and Measures: Information regarding performance of ADLs (Barthel Index) and IADLs (Lawton–Brody questionnaire), PP intensity (Numeric Rating Scale), chronic fatigue (Piper Fatigue Scale), and pain-catastrophizing thoughts (Pain Catastrophizing Scale) was gathered. Multivariate regression analyses were created, and mediating effects of fatigue and pain-catastrophizing thoughts on the association between PP and ADL and IADL limitations were assessed. Results: The prevalence of limitations in at least one ADL and one IADL was 22.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] [17.2, 28.1]) and 39.1% (95% CI [32.8, 45.5]), respectively. Limitations in bowel continence, housework, shopping, and meal preparation were reported most frequently. Women reporting severe PP showed higher risk for ADL (odds ratio [OR] = 3.33, 95% CI [1.10, 10.10]) and IADL (OR = 7.99, 95% CI [2.86, 22.34]) limitations. Chronic fatigue and pain-catastrophizing thoughts were also positively related to ADL–IADL limitations, showing a mediating effect on the association between PP and ADL–IADL limitations. Conclusions and Relevance: This study reveals the widespread presence of difficulties in ADL–IADL performance among women with endometriosis, with some symptoms underlying these difficulties in occupational performance. This study points to the need for cost-effective occupational therapy interventions for affected women. What This Article Adds: This research shows that the occupational performance of women with endometriosis is frequently impaired; therefore, the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions should be addressed in the near future.

Barriers and facilitators of participation in intervention research by mental health occupational therapists

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (9) ◽  
pp. 568-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Birken ◽  
Elyse Couch ◽  
Mary Morley
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Community Mental Health ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Outcome Measurement ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Intervention Research ◽  
Therapy Interventions ◽  
Occupational Therapy Interventions

Statement of context Occupational therapists in clinical practice are required to deliver interventions within clinical trials to demonstrate the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions. Challenges to participation in intervention research by occupational therapists working in community mental health have been identified and require further investigation. Critical reflection on practice A cross-sectional online survey of occupational therapists working in mental health was used, and obtained a 50% ( n = 144) response rate. Limited time, large generic caseloads, and lack of skills and experience in research were identified barriers to participation in occupational therapy intervention research. Occupational therapists had limited dedicated time to carry out occupational therapy interventions and outcome measurement was limited. Implications for practice Occupational therapy roles need to be regained in adult community mental health alongside routine outcome measurement. This will enable occupational therapy interventions to contribute to community mental health services and support participation in clinical trials of occupational therapy interventions.

scholarly journals Effects of Combined Mental and Physical Practices on Walking and Daily Living Activities in Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-464
Author(s):  
Mahsa Mohammadzadeh ◽  
◽  
Hojjat Allah Haghgoo ◽  
Akbar Biglarian ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Mental Practice ◽  
Walk Test ◽  
Physical Practice ◽  
Daily Living Activities ◽  
Therapy Interventions ◽  
Occupational Therapy Interventions

Objectives: Mental practice, as a neuropsychological factor effective in motor recovery, is a cognitive rehearsal of a physical skill without muscular activity. Considering the high level of fatigue in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS), we hypothesized that using mental practice as a low-level energy-consuming method added to physical practice could be a useful therapeutic strategy. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the effects of combined mental and physical practices on walking and daily living activities in patients with MS. Methods: A randomized double-blind controlled trial was applied in the present research. In total, 22 subjects with MS were randomly allocated into the occupational therapy and mental practice groups; all study subjects received equal occupational therapy interventions 3 days a week for 6 weeks. However, in addition to occupational therapy services, the study group received mental exercises. Such practices included the visual and kinesthetic imagery of walking activity in the presence of external cues. Walking ability and daily living activities were assessed at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 2 weeks after the treatment (follow-up). Gait parameters (distance and speed) were measured by the functional scales of the 6-Minute Walk Test and the Timed 25-Foot Walk Test. The Barthel Index was used to test individuals’ performance in daily living activities. Results: The presented combined mental and physical practice significantly improved walking distance and walking speed in post-treatment (P=0.047, P<0.001) and follow-up (P=0.044, P=0.001) assessments, respectively. The Barthel Index scores significantly changed per group; however, no significant differences were found between the control and test groups in this regard (P=0.386). Discussion: The present study data revealed that performing mental practice along with occupational therapy interventions are more effective than regular interventions alone in the gait rehabilitation of patients with MS. These significant differences in walking performance in the intervention group remained obvious till the follow-up stage.

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