Working children and adolescents in the USA – juggling school and work

Data on the vitamin intake during childhood and adolescence are rare in Europe. Here, age and sex specific percentiles of the absolute intakes and relative densities (per MJ) of retinol, carotenoids, vitamins A, E, C, B1, B2, B6, niacin and folate in a sample of 627 subjects between the age of 1 and 18 years are reported and compared to the actual recommendations from Germany, the EC and the USA. The evaluation of the intakes clearly depends on the reference value chosen. In total, the vitamin intake can be assessed to range between satisfactory and generous with the exception of folate which ranged consistently below the references.

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Epidemiology of paediatric trauma presenting to US emergency departments: 2006–2012

Injury Prevention ◽

10.1136/injuryprev-2017-042435 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 136-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jacob B Avraham ◽

Misha Bhandari ◽

Spiros G Frangos ◽

Deborah A Levine ◽

Michael G Tunik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Emergency Department ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Motor Vehicle ◽

Traumatic Injury ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Trauma Centre ◽

Cost Of Care ◽

Sample Survey ◽

Paediatric Trauma ◽

The Usa

BackgroundTraumatic injury is the leading cause of paediatric morbidity and mortality in the USA. We present updated national data on emergency department (ED) discharges for traumatic injury for a recent 7-year period.MethodsWe conducted a descriptive epidemiological analysis of the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample Survey, the largest and most comprehensive database in the USA, for 2006–2012. Among children and adolescents, we tracked changes in injury mechanism and severity, cost of care, injury intent and the role of trauma centres.ResultsThere was an 8.3% (95% CI 7.7 to 8.9) decrease in the annual number of ED visits for traumatic injury in children and adolescents over the study period, from 8 557 904 (SE=5861) in 2006 to 7 846 912 (SE=5191) in 2012. The case-fatality rate was 0.04% for all injuries and 3.2% for severely injured children. Children and adolescents with high-mortality injury mechanisms were more than three times more likely to be treated at a level 1 trauma centre (OR=3.5, 95% CI 3.3 to 3.7), but were more no more likely to die (OR=0.96, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.00). Traumatic brain injury diagnoses increased 22.2% (95% CI 20.6 to 23.9) during the study period. Intentional assault accounted for 3% (SE=0.1) of all child and adolescent ED injury discharges and 7.2% (SE=0.3) of discharges among 15–19 year-olds. There was an 11.3% (95% CI 10.0 to 12.6) decline in motor vehicle injuries from 2009 to 2012. The total cost of care was $23 billion (SE=0.01), a 78% increase from 2006 to 2012.ConclusionsThis analysis presents a recent portrait of paediatric trauma across the USA. These analyses indicate the important role and value of trauma centre care for injured children and adolescents, and that the most common causes and mechanisms of injury are preventable.

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Physical activity decline and role of physical education in public health for children and adolescents in the USA : from fitness promotion to present and lifetime health promotion

Taiikugaku kenkyu (Japan Journal of Physical Education Health and Sport Sciences) ◽

10.5432/jjpehss.kj00003390653 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 46 (6) ◽

pp. 505-535 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Koji Takenaka

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Health Promotion ◽

Physical Education ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

The Usa

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Primary injury prevention and mortality from motor vehicle crashes among children and adolescents in the USA: from safety behaviours to healthy environments

Injury Prevention ◽

10.1136/ip.2010.029215.95 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 16 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. A26-A26

Author(s):

L. M. Pinet-Peralta

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Injury Prevention ◽

Motor Vehicle ◽

Motor Vehicle Crashes ◽

Vehicle Crashes ◽

The Usa ◽

Primary Injury

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Confusions Concerning Sleep Disorders and the Epilepsies in Children and Adolescents

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.158.1.1 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 158 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Gregory Stores

Keyword(s):

Medical Education ◽

Natural History ◽

Medical School ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Sleep Disorders ◽

Task Force ◽

School Curriculum ◽

Psychological Approach ◽

Relative Neglect ◽

The Usa

There are interesting parallels between sleep disorders and the epilepsies. Firstly, both terms refer to a group of conditions differing in cause, clinical manifestation, natural history and impact on the lives of patients and their relatives. Secondly, the investigation and management of both sets of conditions require a combined physical and psychological approach. Thirdly, neither field is usually covered systematically (if at all) in medical education, although some initiative has been taken in the USA for the introduction of these areas into the curriculum of medical schools (Medical School Curriculum Task Force, 1988). This relative neglect no doubt explains the fourth parallel – that in both sleep disorders and the epilepsies misdiagnosis or inadequate diagnosis appears to be common.

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