scholarly journals Can a prison be self-managed? A study of the informal organisation of a bolivian prison

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Iudici
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Social Rehabilitation ◽  
Prison Systems ◽  
Interpersonal Level

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate the unique prisons of Bolivia. Their main features include the presence of wives and children, self-management of activities within the prison and the opportunity for inmates to take part in various activities. In particular, the general organisation of the prisons and the inmates’ experience, especially on an interpersonal level, is described in this study. The obtained data shows that functional and effective experiences of social rehabilitation can be promoted even under extreme conditions and, in some cases, this provides important insights into the prison systems of most developed countries.

Fast Detoxification of Heroin Addicts by Acupuncture and Electrical Stimulation (AES) in Combination with Naloxone

1977 ◽  
Vol 05 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. WEN
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Abstinence Syndrome ◽  
Rehabilitation Centre ◽  
Heroin Addicts ◽  
Social Rehabilitation ◽  
Receptor Sites ◽  
Long Acting

Detoxification can be accomplished more rapidly by first "flushing" the opiates from the receptor sites. Naloxone, a short antagonist displaces opiates from the receptor sites and such displacement precipitates an abstinence syndrome. Recently, a method of using acupuncture and electrical stimulation (AES) in combination with naloxone for fast detoxification was reported. This technique was applied to 50 cases of heroin addicts. Forty-one were detoxified. There were nine failures. Of the 41 cases, 18 patients were sent to rehabilitation centres and did not experience abstinence symptoms. Six were sent out of Hong Kong where heroin is not available, and two others did not go to a rehabilitation centre but still abstained. The other 15 were presumed to be on the drug. It is advocated that AES increases endorphin and relieves abstinence syndrome, but also at the same time inhibits the autonomic nervous system, mainly the parasympathetic nervous system. The technique does not stop the craving, therefore after detoxification, the patients should be sent for psycho-social rehabilitation, or alternatively be put on long acting antagonist.

Violation of medical statistics as one of the reasons for the low incidence of occupational diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 510-514
Author(s):  
Aleksandr R. Tukov
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Medical Statistics ◽  
Information Base ◽  
Social Rehabilitation ◽  
The People ◽  
Negative Role ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Statistical Coding

Many authors point to the low incidence of occupational diseases in our country. The reasons are poor-quality preventive examinations, the lack of interest of employers in identifying these diseases, and others. However, there are no works in the literature devoted to errors in the statistical coding of diagnoses of occupational pathology and their accounting. The study aims to improve the accounting of occupational diseases in Russia. We conducted the study using the information base of the Industry Register of Persons with Occupational Diseases, developed by Burnazyan State Medical Center of the FMBA, Russia, which operating in the industry since 2011. As of 31.12.2020, the register contains information on 2,056 patients with occupational diseases, from among the employees of enterprises and organizations served by healthcare institutions of the FMBA, Russia. Errors of incorrect coding of diagnoses for occupational diseases with violation of the classification principles in the used directive materials played a negative role. The development of plans for medical and social rehabilitation measures to reduce the incidence of occupational diseases among the people working in harmful conditions. It requires correct knowledge of morbidity indicators of this nosology. In order to improve the accounting of occupational diseases in Russia, it is necessary to switch to the system of coding diagnoses of this nosology, adopted in medical statistics, and make appropriate changes to the directive documents.

Resources for adherence to treatment in patients with tuberculosis in the post-penitentiary phase

MedAlliance ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Joint Activities ◽  
Rehabilitation Centers ◽  
Social Rehabilitation ◽  
Food Packages ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Care Assistance ◽  
Fidence Interval

A high proportion of patients who leave Russian prisons without a known treatment outcome (from 26 to 32%) re-duces the rate of successful treatment. Some patients who started treatment in prison do not continue it in the pub-lic health system after release. Objective. Using a repre-sentative sample of TB-infected inmates, study the need for social support measures that would motivate them to continue treatment. Materials and methods. One stage anonymous sociological study of 453 TB-infected in-mates in 40 regions of the Russian Federation, with fixed answer options that allow for multiple choices. Results. The need for one-time cash support was 63.4%; 95% con-fidence interval (CI) 58.8–67.7, ie from 4 to 5 thousand patients annually; assistance with housing — 32.7%; 95% CI 28.5-37.1, ie from 2 to 2.5 thousand; employment — 30.9%; 95% CI 26.8–35.3, ie from 2 to 2.5 thousand; regu-lar food packages — 27.9%; 95% CI 21.2–29.1, ie from 1.5 to 2 thousand; reissuance of documents — 21.0%; 95% CI 17.5–25.0, ie from 1.3 to 1.8 thousand. Conclusion. There is a need for legislative justification for the establishment of social rehabilitation centers, coordination of their joint activities with the tuberculosis program. The programs for the provision of social support to patients with tubercu-losis should envisage one-time payments for tuberculosis patients released from prisons who get linked to medical care, assistance to these patients with employment and interaction with social rehabilitation centers in order to provide patients with a temporary place of residence

A Clinical Case of Fitting Scleral Lens for Correction of Pellucid Marginal Degeneration

The Eye ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
N. Yu. Pyltsina ◽  
E. A. Bezbabnova ◽  
A. A. Selezneva ◽  
M. S. Shmelkova
Keyword(s):  
Corneal Stroma ◽  
Corneal Dystrophy ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Corneal Ectasia ◽  
Narrow Angle ◽  
Social Rehabilitation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Corneal Leukoma ◽  
Peripheral Cornea ◽  
Corneal Thinning

Background. Pellucid Marginal Degeneration (PMD) is a rare bilateral degenerative corneal disease. It causes corneal ectasia with bilateral, clear, inferior (typically 4 o’clock to 8 o’clock), peripheral corneal thinning. It usually affects about 80% of corneal stroma, which leads to the corneal ectasia above the thinning area as well as provokes the irregular astigmatism and visual impairment that are difficult to correct. Purpose. To study the possibilities of correction and social rehabilitation in a patient with PMD wearing scleral lenses. Materials and methods. The study included a patient with PMD, signs of corneal dysfunction and narrow-angle subcompensated glaucoma in the right eye, and PMD of the cornea resulted in a corneal leukoma – terminal glaucoma in the left eye. In addition to standard ophthalmic methods, we performed corneal topography and optical coherence tomography (OCT). For intraocular pressure measurement, ICARE IOP tonometer was used in several areas of the intact peripheral cornea. Results. Prior to lens fitting, UCVA in the right eye amounted to 0.06. Scleral lens helped achieve a high visual acuity of 0.9–1.0. The lens was well-tolerated by the patient. Conclusion. Scleral lenses may be a good choice for patients with irregular cornea caused by corneal dystrophy. Not only they are easy to use and have a good visual effect, but they also help patients with social rehabilitation.

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