Infancia, familia y educación análisis histórico y cambio social

The interest for the care and education of childhood have varied throughout the different historical time. Together with the transformations experienced within families, childhood has gradually and progressively attained meaning and relevance in the social environment. The new moral and spiritual function assumed by the family in the transition to modern times, and which went beyond its traditional function as transmitter of surname and heritage, implied the appearance of new emotions towards childhood at the same time their individuality intensified.At present, childhood acquires important centrality both in the private family space in which its protection, care, assistance and education prevail, rooted in new link of relationship (Burgess, 1972: 6-7), as well as in the public space, social, political, normative and economic. With these ideas, this research aims to historical analysis of the conception of childhood and its education, from ancient times to the present day, within the framework of the family and considering the repercussions that political, social, economic, demographic and cultural changes have had on childhood. La atención y el interés por el cuidado y la educación de la infancia han ido variando a lo largo de las diferentes etapas históricas. Ligada a las transformaciones experimentadas en el seno de las familias, de forma gradual y progresiva la infancia ha ido alcanzando significado y relevancia en el medio social. La nueva función moral y espiritual asumida por la familia en el tránsito hacia los tiempos modernos, y que rebasaba su tradicional función como transmisora de apellido y patrimonio, implicó la aparición de nuevas emociones hacia los menores al tiempo que se intensificaba su individualidad. En la actualidad la infancia adquiere notable centralidad tanto en el espacio privado familiar en el cual prima su protección, cuidado, asistencia y educación, enraizadas en nuevos vínculos de relacionabilidad (Burgess, 1972: 6-7), como también en el espacio público, social, político, normativo y económico. Partiendo de estas premisas, este artículo tiene por finalidad el estudio y análisis histórico de la concepción sobre la infancia y su educación, desde la antigüedad hasta nuestros días, dentro del marco de la familia y considerando las repercusiones que los cambios políticos, sociales, económicos, demográficos y culturales han tenido sobre la misma.

Paid Care Services and Transitioning Out of the Community among Diverse Older Adults with Dementia

Objectives Paid care provided in the home or through community organizations includes important support services for older adults with dementia such as cleaning and personal care assistance. These services could delay the transition to long-term care, but access may differ across sociodemographic groups. This study examined the relationship between paid care and transitioning out of the community among diverse older adults with dementia. Methods Using data from 303 participants (29.4% Black) with probable dementia in the National Health and Aging Trends Study (2011-2019), subdistribution hazard models estimated the association between receiving paid care at baseline and the probability of transitioning out of the community over the next eight years. Covariate selection was guided by the Andersen model of healthcare utilization. Results Paid care was associated with lower risk of transitioning out of the community (SHR = 0.70, 95% CI [0.50, 0.98]). This effect was similar after controlling for predisposing factors and most prominent after controlling for enabling and need for services factors (SHR = 0.63, 95% CI [0.42, 0.94]) and was only evident among Whites. There were no racial differences in the use of paid care, but Black participants were less likely to transition out of the community than Whites despite evidencing greater care needs. Discussion Paid care services may help delay transitions out of the community. Future research should seek to explain racial differences in access to and/or preferences for home-based, community-based, and residential care.

National Estimates of Climate-Related Disasters among Older Adults with Dementia

Climate-related disasters can have devastating consequences, particularly for the growing population of older adults with dementia. Increasingly, older adults with dementia are aging in place at home, where they often receive assistance for mobility or self-care activities from family and/or paid caregivers. Understanding this population’s experience with climate-related disasters is integral to mitigation, preparedness, and emergency response outside of institutional (e.g., nursing home) settings. We aimed to estimate the population of community-dwelling older adults—including those with dementia—who live in counties that experienced climate-related disasters. We used 2000-2016 data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), linked 2000-2018 with Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) disaster data. We flagged each occurrence of climate-related disaster (e.g., hurricane, flood) and then identified HRS participants living in counties with a disaster declaration. Using survey weights, we obtained population-level estimates by disaster frequency and sample characteristics. In each two-year HRS period, we found that 14.26-20.50 million community-dwelling adults over age 65 in the contiguous US (32.2%-53.7%) resided in a county with at least one disaster. This includes 0.62 -1.12 million persons with dementia, 67.2%-76.8% of whom are reliant on caregivers. On average (per two-year period), more than one-third (36.3%) of community-dwelling older adults living with dementia lived in a county with a least one disaster. Policy makers and emergency planners should strongly consider the needs of older adults at the intersection of dementia and risk of climate-related disasters, with an eye towards ensuring access to mobility and self-care assistance.

Connecticut’s Veterans-Directed Care Program Outcomes Compared to HCBS Waiver Participants: HCBS CAHPS Results

Connecticut (CT) Veterans Directed Home and Community Based Services Program (VDC) is an innovative Veterans Administration (VA) services option providing veterans at risk of institutionalization with person-centered consumer-directed long-term services and supports at home. Funded by an Administration for Community Living grant, the CT Department of Aging and Disability Services partnered with the VA, the five CT Area Agencies on Aging, and UConn Health Center on Aging (UConn). UConn researchers conducted the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems in Home and Community Based Services (HCBS CAHPS) survey with VDC participants (n=36) from October 2019 through March 2020. The standardized, validated HCBS CAHPS survey, which Connecticut administers to individuals in most CT Medicaid HCBS programs, is a universal, cross-disability tool to assess/improve the quality of HCBS programs. Analyses compared VDC participants’ program experiences to survey results from individuals in the Connecticut Home Care Program (CHCP) (for older adults) (n=629), Personal Care Assistance (PCA) (n=282), and Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) (n=327) waiver programs. Notably, more VDC participants (91%) knew who their support broker was, compared to CHCP, ABI, and PCA (82%, 79%, and 72%, respectively) who knew their case manager; 91% of VDC participants gave their support broker the highest rating, compared to 66% to 74% of participants in other programs who rated their case manager. This study provides strong evidence that the CT VDC program is positively impacting veterans and that the AAAs and support brokers are effectively helping them receive the HCBS they need in a consumer-directed way.

COVID-19 Pandemic-Related Distress and Self-Efficacy to Manage Dementia Care Among Family Caregivers

The COVID-19 pandemic posed numerous challenges to persons with dementia (PWD) and their caregivers. To better understand these challenges, we conducted a mixed methods study analyzing data from interviews with family caregivers participating in an ongoing intervention study. Telephone interviews were conducted with 58 family caregivers of PWD diagnosed within the past two years. Participants reported self-efficacy (SE) using a 5-item scale (e.g. handle problems with memory, keep PWD at home) and rated pandemic-related distress on a 1-10 scale. They also qualitatively described effects of the pandemic on care recipients and themselves. Qualitative data were coded and organized by concepts from the Stress Process Model. Distress level ranged from 1-9 and was negatively associated with SE to manage dementia care (r=-316, p=0.036). Caregivers described distress related to primary stressors such as loss of services (respite care, assistance with daily tasks) and resistance to mask wearing by PWD due to behavioral symptoms. Secondary stressors included managing work or supervising children’s schoolwork at home while providing care. Caregivers most often expressed distress related to inability to access coping resources such as family or friends, and worried that PWD were not able to rely on their support systems. At all reported levels of distress, inability to interact with members of support networks (e.g., family, friends, service providers) was identified as most distressing. This was compounded by lower self-efficacy to manage dementia care. Efforts to decrease pandemic impacts must consider strategies to safely keep PWD and caregivers connected with family, friends, and service providers.

Pendampingan Pasien Isolasi Mandiri Covid-19 di UM Surabaya Melalui Psychoreligius Care

Terjadinya pandemi Covid-19 gelombang 2 menimbulkan banyak masyarakat yang terkonfirmasi positif. Hal tersebut menyebabkan terjadinya over capacity di Pelayanan Kesehatan, sehingga pasien harus melakukan isolasi mandiri di rumah. Tuntutan berdiam diri di rumah dapat memicu terjadinya gangguan psikologis atau kondisi stres. Padahal kondisi stres sangat merugikan bagi tubuh, karena dapat membuat system imun menurun, serta menyebabkan gangguan kesehatan lainnya. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukannya pendampingan psychoreligius care terhadap pasien Covid-19 yang sedang menjalani isolasi mandiri. Kegiatan pendampingan ini bertujuan untuk: 1) mengidentifikasi tingkat stres pada pasien Covid-19 yang sedang menjalani isolasi mandiri. 2) Memberikan pendampingan psikoreligius care untuk mengurangi tingkat stres pada pasien isoman. Metode pelaksanaan pertama dilakukan tahap penjaringan (pre-test), kemudian pengolahan data, implementasi pendampingan psychoreligius care dan terakhir tahap evaluasi kegiatan (post-test). Hasil pendampingan dan screening diperoleh data bahwa, 1) Pasien covid-19 mengalami kecemasan ketika sedang menjalani isolasi mandiri dengan tingkatan yang berbeda-beda. 2) Setelah dilakukan pendampingan psychoreligius care selama 14 hari terjadi penurunan tingkat kecemasan sebesar 82,86%. Kegiatan pendampingan berjalan dengan baik dan masih perlu dilakukan pendampingan berlanjut mengingat ada sebesar 17,14% pasien isoman yang membutuhkan durasi waktu lebih lama untuk mengatasi kondisi kecemasan maupun stres yang terjadi pada dirinya.Kata Kunci: Pendampingan, Isolasi Mandiri, Covid-19, Psychoreligius CareAssistance for Covid-19 Self-Isolation Patients at UM Surabaya with Psychoreligious CareABSTRACT The occurrence of the Covid-19 pandemic wave 2 caused many people who were confirmed positive. This causes overcapacity in health services, so patients must be self-isolate at home. The demand to stay at home can trigger psychological disorders or stressful conditions. Whereas stress conditions are very detrimental to the body, because it can make the immune system decrease, and it cause other health problems. Therefore, it is necessary to provide psychoreligious care assistance for Covid-19 patients who are undergoing self isolation. This mentoring activity aims to: 1) identify stress levels in Covid-19 patients who are undergoing self-isolation. 2) psychoreligious care assistance are given to reduce stress levels in isoman patients. The first implementation method is the screening stage (pre-test), then data processing, implementation of psychoreligious care assistance and finally the activity evaluation stage (post-test). The results of mentoring and screening obtained data that, 1) Covid-19 patients experienced anxiety while undergoing independent isolation with different levels. 2) After 14 days of psychoreligious care assistance, there was a decrease in anxiety levels of 82.86%. Mentoring activities are going well and there is still a need for continued assistance considering there are 17.14% of isoman patients who need a longer duration of time to deal with anxiety and stress conditions that occur to them.Keywords: Assistance, Self-Isolation, Covid-19, Psychoreligious Care

A Colorimetric Membrane-Based Sensor with Improved Selectivity towards Amphetamine

Due to their simplicity, speed and low cost, chemical spot tests are increasingly demanded for the presumptive identification of illicit drugs in a variety of contexts such as point-of-care assistance or prosecution of drug trafficking. However, most of the colorimetric reactions used in these tests are, at best, drug class selective. Therefore, the development of tests based on chemical reactions with improved discrimination power is of great interest. In this work, we propose a new colorimetric assay for amphetamine (AMP) based on its reaction with solutions of alkaline gold bromide to form an insoluble yellow–orange derivative. The resulting suspensions are then filtered onto nylon membranes and the precipitate collected is used for the visual identification of AMP. The measurement of the absorbance of the membranes by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy also allows the quantification of AMP in a simple and rapid way, as demonstrated for different synthetic and drug street samples. On the basis of the results obtained, it was concluded that the proposed procedure is highly selective towards AMP, as this compound could be easily differentiated from other common drugs such as methamphetamine (MET), ephedrine (EPH), scopolamine (SCP) and cocaine (COC).

Impactos das assistências obstétricas e dos tipos de partos: experiências de primíparas

Objetivos: conhecer impactos e experiências em partos (vaginais e cesáreos) de primíparas. Métodos: estudadas 306 puérperas de termo (SUS), impactos e experiências nos partos esperados e ocorridos. Utilizou-se escala de valores para respostas psicométricas "em nenhum momento", "alguns momentos", "frequente", "maior parte do tempo" e "tempo todo". A cada termo indicativo da frequência de ocorrência foi atribuído número de 1 a 5. O questionário possuía duas partes: na primeira indicavam aspectos positivos quanto maior a frequência de ocorrência e na segunda, as experiências negativas, onde perguntas citadas exibiam exatamente as respostas inversas. Resultados: para a via de parto preferencial no acompanhamento pré-natal e o parto realizado: 101 (53,72%) ficaram satisfeitas com seu parto vaginal ocorrido, enquanto 88 (74,58%) dos partos cesáreas, desaprovaram a cesárea resultante (p < 0, 0001). Proporções maiores, positivas e significantes foram após o parto vaginal, por ser opção pessoal, rápida recuperação, melhor sensação com recém-nascido, receio de acidentes anestésicos. Provável incapacidade para em sua execução, o tempo e a dor intraparto, geraram impactos negativos significantes (p < 0, 0001). Estatisticamente significante, menor em preferência, a cesárea surgiu favoravelmente (p< 0, 0001) contra a dor intraparto e rapidez resolutiva; porém, foi desaprovada pela possibilidade de acidente anestésico (p < 0,0001). Conclusões: Predominaram favoravelmente experiências positivas para parto vaginal, com significância estatística. Impactos negativos para eles foram o tempo, sensação dolorosa e provável incapacidade para a execução partal. As soluções sugeridas para minimizá-las: atenções assistenciais adequadas devolvendo a autoconfiança às pacientes, além da utilização da analgesia intraparto. Apesar de significantemente menor em preferência, o parto cesáreo foi avaliado positivamente pelo receio da experiência dolorosa da parturição, e por sua rapidez resolutiva. A cesárea. teve significante e negativamente contra si, a possibilidade de acidente anestésico. Objectives: to know impacts and experiences in births (vaginalists and cesareans) of primiparous. Methods: 306 mothers at term (SUS) were studied, impacts and experiences in expected and actual deliveries. A scale of values ​​was used for psychometric responses "at no time", "some moments", "frequent", "most of the time" and "all time". Each term indicating the frequency of occurrence was assigned a number from 1 to 5. The questionnaire had two parts: first indicated positive aspects, the higher the frequency of occurrence and the second, negative experiences, where the questions mentioned showed exactly the opposite answers. Results: for the preferred mode of delivery in prenatal care and delivery: 101 (53.72%) were satisfied with their vaginal delivery, while 88 (74.58%) of the cesarean deliveries disapproved the resulting cesareans (p < 0.0001). Larger, positive, and significant proportions were after vaginal delivery, as it is a personal option, quick recovery, better feeling with the newborn, fear of anesthetic accidents. Probable inability to perform, time and intrapartum pain, generated significant, negative impacts (p < 0,0001). Statistic significant, lower in preference, the cesarean appeared favorably (p<0.0001) against intrapartum pain and resolving speed; however, it was disapproved due to the possibility of an anesthetic accident (p < 0,0001). Conclusions: Positive experiences for vaginal delivery predominated, with statistical significance. Negative impacts for them were timing, painful sensation, and likely inability to perform birth. Suggested solutions to minimize them: adequate care assistance restoring self-confidence to patients, in addition to the use of intrapartum analgesia. Despite being significantly lower in preference, cesarean delivery was evaluated positively for fear of the painful experience of parturition, and for its rapid resolution. The cesarean. had significantly and negatively against itself, the possibility of an anesthetic accident.

Discriminant analysis predicted undisciplined policemen

In the wider spectrum of Taiwanese public service spheres, the herculean services and dedication of its committed Police personnel have long been recognized, respected, and admired. However, regrettably, question marks concerning their conduct, discipline, and abuse of power have surfaced on intermittent occasions. A classic example that lingers in the public memory is the bribing of Taiwanese video game companies to some unscrupulous elements of the police department, in the closing decades of the 20th century that triggered public outrage and called for scrutiny concerning serious lapses in the discipline and conduct of Police personnel. This research paper endeavors to understand, analyze and address some of those issues based on empirical data on the police personnel of certain specific work zones/areas taking into account holistically both the sentenced police officers vis-à-vis the law-abiding police officers. This module looks into and sieves through available data for seven critical variables, including their degree of variation through the Identification and Analysis Method to develop a Predictive Model on Police Ethics and the important factors that affect Police Ethics. Concretely based on the integrated research, it is proposed that this Predictive Model has good applicability as well as accurate predictive ability in addressing the core issues that affect Police Ethics. It is hoped that through this Early Warning Predictive Model—all the stakeholders that are Policy and Decision-makers, Regulatory Police Agencies but more importantly the Police personnel themselves would effectively address the criticality of the issues that affect the Police Ethics so as to undertake competent and effective measures to erase/lessen the menace and provide an early rehabilitative care/assistance to build a strong, constructive and visionary Taiwanese Police Force to meet the challenges of 21st century and beyond.

Appreciation by migrants of the health care assistance provided by apulian family doctors

Introduction: Health promotion is the highest level of human sensitivity directed to break down differences and produce equal opportunities for unselected people to enjoy the best health care potential. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of the assistance provided to immigrants by Italian general practitioners (GPs), the level of satisfaction declared by migrants, and the perception of GPs about the needs of migrants. Methods: A survey was conducted. Both immigrant patients (regular and illegal) and some Italian GPs filled a questionnaire. Ten GPs were selected among those available to perform the study by a convenience sampling method; the immigrants were consecutively included among those attending the medical offices. Results: Over 90% (n = 66) of immigrants declared to be fully satisfied with the overall assistance provided with easy access to care. GPs declared no problems in assisting even illegal immigrants and suggested the accurate evaluation of patients’ needs to provide successful care. Conclusions: These findings indicate the importance of promoting health and education as provided by Italian GPs. The satisfaction declared by the interviewed immigrants is mainly attributable to the model of assistance provided in Apulia, which includes interventions for any health problem.