The Enlightenment of the West

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Guo
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Press Freedom ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
The West ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The Press ◽  
Western Concept ◽  
Imperial China ◽  
Initial Process

This chapter examines the introduction of the Western concept of press freedom into imperial China. The initial introduction of freedom of the press was a product of the transnational interaction between China and the West in the nineteenth century. From the 1830s, Western businessmen, European Protestant missionaries, and Chinese diplomats introduced scattered ideas of press freedom into China, though these had very little influence at the time. This chapter documents this initial process of conceptual transplantation and summarizes the differing interpretations of press freedom through an in-depth textual analysis of primary sources.

Officers’ commitment to the anti-slavery cause

2019 ◽  
pp. 69-96
Author(s):  
Mary Wills
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
National Identity ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Religious Belief ◽  
Popular Politics ◽  
The West ◽  
Middle Classes ◽  
The Press ◽  
Naval Officers

The chapter examines how naval officers engaged with the cornerstones of the British abolitionist agenda: religion, humanitarianism, morality and concepts of national identity. As most nineteenth-century naval officers came from the middle or upper-middle classes, they were exposed to a culture of anti-slavery sentiment in popular politics, literature and the press. These ideas had a significant impact on how they conceived the nature of their duty as naval personnel and their identity as Britons. Many testimonies of naval suppression offer emotion, insight and conviction regarding the anti-slavery cause, often driven by religious belief, and particularly the rise of evangelicalism in the navy. Yet there was no obligation for naval officers serving on the West Africa squadron to be committed abolitionists. Others held more ambiguous views, particularly as attitudes regarding slavery and race evolved and hardened as the century progressed.

scholarly journals Sexual abuse by superintending staff in the nineteenth-century lunatic asylum: medical practice, complaint and risk

2020 ◽  
pp. 0957154X2096729
Author(s):  
Cara Dobbing ◽  
Alannah Tomkins
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Lunatic Asylum ◽  
Patient Relationship ◽  
The West ◽  
Medical Specialization ◽  
Medical Careers ◽  
The Press

The nineteenth century witnessed a great shift in how insanity was regarded and treated. Well documented is the emergence of psychiatry as a medical specialization and the role of lunatic asylums in the West. Unclear are the relationships between the heads of institutions and the individuals treated within them. This article uses two cases at either end of the nineteenth century to demonstrate sexual misdemeanours in sites of mental health care, and particularly how they were dealt with, both legally and in the press. They illustrate issues around cultures of complaint and the consequences of these for medical careers. Far from being representative, they highlight the need for further research into the doctor–patient relationship within asylums, and what happened when the boundaries were blurred.

scholarly journals Sospeso tra due mondi: il velo di San Giusto tra Bisanzio e Trieste

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 39-65
Author(s):  
Livia Bevilacqua
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Medieval Art ◽  
The West ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Early Date ◽  
Careful Observation ◽  
Visual Evidence ◽  
The Many ◽  
General Studies

This article aims to a preliminary reassessment of the silk veil preserved in the Treasury of Trieste cathedral. The cloth is unparalleled in Byzantine as well in western medieval art, in that it is painted with tempera on both sides. It depicts a youthful martyr in a court costume, and bears an inscription that identifies the saint as St. Just. Since its alleged recovery from a reliquary in the early nineteenth century, the cloth has been often addressed by the scholars, who ascribed it either to a Byzantine or to a local master and dated it between the eleventh and the fourteenth century. Despite being referred to in several more general studies, it has been rarely considered individually. In this paper I address the many questions that the Trieste veil raises, including problems of chronology, provenance, function, and iconography. After careful observation and based on both primary sources and visual evidence, I argue that it was produced in Byzantium, possibly at an early date, to serve as a liturgical implement; later, it was brought to the West, where the saint was given a new identity and the cloth was reused as a banner after being painted on the reverse.

The Dilemma of Press Freedom in Colonial Africa: The West African Example

1968 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred I. A. Omu
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
West African ◽  
Press Freedom ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
The West ◽  
Nationalist Movement ◽  
Essential Ingredient ◽  
Political Tradition ◽  
The Press ◽  
History Of

One of the most striking features of the African nationalist movement is the great effort that was made to safeguard the freedom of the press. As British subjects, most of whom were trained in Britain, educated Africans assumed that they were entitled to enjoy a free press, which was an essential ingredient in the British political tradition. Their newspapers were almost unavoidably highly critical, and colonial administrators sought to control them. A variety of factors contained official repressive enthusiasm, and these provide the key to the relatively small number of press prosecutions and the seeming reluctance to enforce press legislation. The situation is illustrated from the history of the early nationalist newspaper press in former British West Africa.

Chuban Ziyou: The Invention of a Neologism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Guo
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Press Freedom ◽  
Freedom Of The Press ◽  
The West ◽  
Meiji Japan ◽  
The Press ◽  
Chinese Intellectuals ◽  
Cultural Interactions

This chapter explores the knowledge transfer of the notion of ‘freedom of the press’ that occurred through cultural interactions between China and Meiji Japan at the turn of the twentieth century. Compared with the scattered ideas initially imported from the West, the Japanese origin of Chinese press freedom was more influential, and the concept became popular amongst Chinese intellectuals at that time. This chapter uncovers the influence of Meiji Japanese intellectuals on the formation of the Chinese conception of press freedom and explains linguistic issues resulting from this knowledge transfer between the two countries. It also points out the problematic origins of Chinese press freedom and key contextual particularities that affected its acceptance.

ROND DE VULKAAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-107
Author(s):  
Jan Hein Furnée
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Cultural Transfer ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
The Hague ◽  
Initial Process

AROUND THE VOLCANO La Muette de Portici between creation in Paris and reception in the Northern Netherlands Since its première in 1828, La Muette de Portici has been one of the most popular grands opéras performed in Dutch theatres in the nineteenth century, despite its reputation of having incited the Belgian Revolt of 1830. Based on a wide range of primary sources, this article analyses how, in the initial process of cultural transfer from Paris to the Netherlands, the opera with its ambivalent political tenor was staged and received differently in three theatres in Amsterdam and The Hague. In the aftermath of the Belgian Revolt, authorities, artists, press critics and audiences subsequently problematized, rehabilitated and enriched the opera with new meanings. After having been feared and condemned, ‘Amour sacré de la Patrie’ again became a favorite aria to enthusiastically respond to.

The Early Yeats and the Pattern of History

PMLA ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-328
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Whitaker
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The West ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Common ◽  
Historical Sketch

In 1926, coming upon Spengler's Decline of the West, Yeats was amazed and delighted. “Here is a very strange thing,” he wrote to Sturge Moore, “which will show you what I meant when I wrote of individual man not being shut up in a bottle.” While he had been drawing his diagrams for the historical sketch in A Vision, Spengler's first edition had been going through the press. Had there been some occult communication? “I can almost say… that there is no difference in our interpretation of history (an interpretation that had never occurred to anybody before) that is not accounted for by his great and my slight erudition.” Though Yeats exaggerated, the similarities are substantial; but the means of communication are more various than he wished to allow. Many of Spengler's views were far from novel; and Yeats's early acquaintance with philosophies of history was much broader than his disclaimers of erudition imply. In fact, by 1895 his own historical symbolism was taking clear form; and like Spengler's system, it was amply nourished by the common thought of nineteenth-century Europe.

The Liminal Landscape

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Guo
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Moral Discourse ◽  
Press Freedom ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
The Press ◽  
Western Concept ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Chinese Intellectuals

This chapter explores the reception of the Western concept of press freedom by Chinese intellectuals when they first encountered it at the turn of the twentieth century. It argues that, during this process of knowledge transfer, the meaning of press freedom as received by Chinese intellectuals was different from Western conceptions at that time. It shows how the introduction of this concept was closely related to the developing realities of Chinese society and echoed Chinese social and cultural pursuits in the late nineteenth century. Due to their specific socio-cultural milieu, Chinese intellectuals misinterpreted the moral discourse and liberal meanings of the Western concept of freedom of the press.

Hanseatic Journalism and Its Networks

2018 ◽  
pp. 183-215
Author(s):  
Volker R. Berghahn
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Press Freedom ◽  
The West ◽  
Media Centers ◽  
Basic Law ◽  
The Press ◽  
Nazi Era ◽  
The Cold War

This chapter analyzes the broader context of the three journalists' work in Hamburg as one of several media centers in West Germany. It also explores the question of press freedom during the Cold War and of how far journalists were able to enjoy it. After all, the West German Basic Law guaranteed the freedom to write and speak, within the limits of the law, without fear of being arrested and imprisoned. The Nazi era, when these freedoms had been suppressed, was over. Yet there was another constraint: after the war the Federal Republic, having abolished Nazi regimentation of the press, adopted a capitalist economy. This meant that the ultimate freedom to publish rested with the publishers and owners of a particular paper. This is the legal background of the emergence of a free press in West Germany. Many journalists who had experienced “un-freedom” and brutal censorship during the Nazi period now found themselves in the era of the Cold War, with its new conformist pressures, which were personified by Chancellor Konrad Adenauer, for he in many ways embodied the autocratic style that continued to pervade post-1945 West German political culture.

The Chinese Gazette in European Sources from the Late Qianlong Period: The Case of the Siku Quanshu

T oung Pao ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 107 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 133-187
Author(s):  
Nicolas Standaert
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Information Network ◽  
Global Information ◽  
The West ◽  
Academic Interest ◽  
Imperial China ◽  
Late Nineteenth

Abstract The publicly available government gazette (often called dibao 邸報) that was published in a variety of formats in imperial China has recently caught new academic interest both in China and in the West. While most of these studies focus on the Peking Gazette (jingbao 京報) in the (late) nineteenth century, information about the gazette for earlier times remains very scarce. To address this gap, the present study focuses on the gazette from the Qianlong period (1736–1795). It uses and describes both Chinese sources, specifically the tizou shijian 題奏事件, and European sources, especially the French translations of gazettes by Jean-Joseph-Marie Amiot (1718–1793). A case study of translated reports on the Siku quanshu 四庫全書 sent to Europe shows how the Chinese gazette became part of a remarkable and lively global information network.

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