Betrokken vertwijfeling: een intersectionele analyse van partnergeweld in de huisartsenpraktijk

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-212
Author(s):  
Eva Vergaert ◽  
Sophie Withaeckx ◽  
Gily Coene

Abstract Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a major societal problem with significant healthcare implications. The consequences of this kind of violence result in victims (and perpetrators) regularly needing healthcare. Various structural barriers can prevent victims from accessing services or result in inadequate responses to their needs. International research shows that general practitioners can play an important role in tackling IPV but that they also are confronted with various difficulties themselves. Drawing on seventeen in-depth interviews with general practitioners in Flanders, we discuss in this article the experiences of GPs who come across IPV in their health care practice. We use an intersectional approach to better understand the difficulties GPs face by looking at the complexity underlying these cases and by exploring GPs’ understanding of vulnerabilities of marginalised groups. A thematic data analysis was applied. Using a number of case studies, we found that GPs are confronted with various structural barriers that complicate the care of patients who are victims of IPV. This gives rise to alternative care strategies, which are based on a sentiment of ‘involved incertitude’.

Author(s):  
Zaina Mchome ◽  
Gerry Mshana ◽  
Diana Aloyce ◽  
Esther Peter ◽  
Donati Malibwa ◽  
...  

Intimate partner violence is a recognized public health and development issue that is consistently and comparatively measured through women’s experience of physical and/or sexual acts by their partner. While physical intimate partner violence is covered by a wide range of behaviors, sexual intimate partner violence (SIPV) is often only measured through attempted or completed forced sex, ignoring less obvious forms of sexual intimate partner violence. We explored women’s conceptualizations of SIPV by conducting in-depth interviews with 18 Tanzanian women. Using a thematic approach, we identified key features of women’s sexual intimate relationships and their perceptions of them. The women clearly defined acts of positive sexual relationships that occurred with mutual consent and seduction and SIPV that included acts of forced sex and sex under the threat of violence. They also identified several acts that were crossing the line, whereby a discrepancy of views existed whether they constituted SIPV, such as having sex when out of the mood, sex being the duty of the wife, sex during the menses, requests for anal sex, having sex to not lose the husband, husband refusing sex and husband having other partners. Women in this study felt violated by a far wider range of sexual acts in their relationships. Future studies need to improve the measurement of sexual intimate partner violence to allow the collection of encompassing, yet comparable, data on this harmful phenomenon.


Affilia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-497
Author(s):  
Mariachiara Feresin ◽  
Federica Bastiani ◽  
Lucia Beltramini ◽  
Patrizia Romito

Violence against women often continues after couples separate. Although the involvement of children in intimate partner violence is known, no study has investigated the role of children in postseparation violence in southern Europe. The aim of this study was to analyze male perpetrators’ strategies to maintain control over the woman after couples separate and the involvement of children in this process. We designed a multimethod research with a sample of women attending five anti-violence centers in Italy: In the quantitative part, women were interviewed with a questionnaire ( N = 151) at baseline and followed up 18 months later ( N = 91); in the qualitative part, in-depth interviews were carried out with women ( N = 13) attending the same centers. Results showed that women experienced high levels of violence and that children were deeply involved. When women with children were no longer living with the violence perpetrator, threats, violence, manipulation, and controlling behaviors occurred during father–child contacts: 78.9% of women in the longitudinal survey and all women in the qualitative study reported at least one of these unsettling behaviors. The qualitative study allowed for discovering some specific perpetrator strategies. Making the woman feel guilty, threatening, denigrating, and impoverishing her; preventing her from living a normal life; and trying to destroy the mother–child bond were key elements of a complex design aimed at maintaining coercive control over the ex-partner. Results from this multimethod study provided a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of coercive control and postseparation violence and how perpetrators use children to fulfill their aims.


Author(s):  
Chiara Rollero ◽  
Federica Speranza

Research has largely documented the damaging consequences of intimate partner violence. However, the literature presents an important gap in the identification of factors that may strengthen resilience in the victims, especially in the case of mothers and pregnant women. The present study aimed at investigating the experience of abused mothers engaged in an educative path in a Mother–Child Assisted Living Center. A qualitative descriptive methodology was used. Face-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of eight women. Four main themes emerged from the interviews: (1) improvement in the mother–child relationship; (2) a process of personal change during the educative path; (3) the rebuilding of trust relationships; and (4) attitudes and hopes toward the future. Taken together, these findings highlight the process of resilience, conceived from a socioecological perspective as the ability to use resources rooted in interconnected systems. The implications of these findings are discussed.


2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-225
Author(s):  
Astra B. Czerny ◽  
Pamela S. Lassiter ◽  
Jae Hoon Lim

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a complex set of behaviors that often escalates to physical violence, stalking, or sexual assault. The courage needed to escape an abusive relationship is often compromised by the very abuse itself, which complicates the healing process. As a result, victims of IPV struggle to regain a sense of self and self-in-relationship after leaving IPV. Boundary renegotiation may aid individuals in maintaining safety while simultaneously allowing them to access the supportive relationships needed for healing. This study explores the process of boundary renegotiation that female IPV survivors experience in their healing journey. Utilizing feminist grounded theory and in-depth interviews with 10 IPV survivors, we illustrated the five distinctive stages of boundary renegotiation: (a) prior self: lack of boundary awareness, (b) experiencing abuse: losing boundaries and selfhood, (c) leaving: establishing a clear physical boundary, (d) implementing firm boundaries and safety, and (e) demonstrating flexibility and openness.


2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 932-949
Author(s):  
Karni Krigel ◽  
Orly Benjamin

Scholars have established the difficulties inherent in proposals that employment may serve as a rescue route for survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV). However, they have paid little attention to the possibility that those who do strive for employment experience a clash between the prevailing neoliberal policy and the patriarchal culture dominant in their relationship with their violent partners. Based on 33 in-depth interviews with IPV survivors, this study used a grounded theory approach to follow women’s experiences in the personal and employment life domain. The authors propose that in order to understand employment in the field of IPV survivors, it is necessary to deploy a job quality perspective. Further, they found that a gendered conceptualization of job quality is required, one that is evaluated by three relational dimensions: employment spaces blocking IPV penetration, control over one’s own income and a sense of skill recognition. These relational dimensions show that in participants’ work lives, neoliberalism and patriarchy conflict with one another. Accordingly, the contradiction between these value systems must be taken into account in conceptualizations of their mutual reinforcement. The authors propose reconciling them by focusing on the challenging experience of women’s employment, from which the innovative meaning of job quality arises.


Author(s):  
Paola Damonti ◽  
Patricia Amigot Leache

Partiendo de la evidencia de que, en contextos de exclusión social, la prevalencia de violencia de género en la pareja se incrementa, hemos querido analizar las dinámicas de la relación entre estos dos fenómenos. Para ello, realizamos 16 entrevistas en profundidad a mujeres supervivientes, que evidenciaron que la situación de exclusión podía ser tanto un factor desencadenante como un producto de dicha violencia. Aquí analizamos en detalle el primer recorrido e identificamos una serie de elementos que pueden favorecer la aparición de violencia. Los clasificamos en dos grandes grupos: por un lado, factores que condicionan el proceso de formación de pareja; por otro, factores que facilitan la aparición de violencia de género en una pareja ya constituida. Entre los primeros cabe señalar la existencia, en determinadas situaciones de exclusión, de unos modelos de masculinidad en los que la agresividad y la violencia cobran especial relevancia, así como la existencia de diferentes circunstancias que fuerzan a las mujeres a iniciar una relación y, de esta manera, las sitúan en un posición de espacial vulnerabilidad en ella. Entre los segundos cabe mencionar la ausencia de apoyos familiares y sociales, que incrementa la vulnerabilidad de las mujeres; los efectos de la acumulación de dificultades en distintas esferas; el abuso de drogas por parte del varón; y la presencia de un entorno que, en ocasiones, tiende a no censurar el recurso a la violencia de género. La novedad del análisis aquí realizado reside tanto en el recurso a la noción de exclusión social como en la importancia atribuida a las relaciones de poder de género a la hora de analizar la etiología de la violencia. Es decir, que el papel jugado por los factores antes mencionados se interpreta en todo momento a la luz del trasfondo estructural de relaciones desiguales de género en el que estos operan y en ausencia del cual su efecto sería necesariamente diferente.Based on evidence that, in situations of exclusion, the prevalence of gender-based intimate partner violence increases, this paper analyses the dynamics of the link between these circumstances. To this end, 16 in-depth interviews were conducted with women survivors. They revealed two different routes: being in a situation of exclusion could be a triggering factor or a result of such violence. In this paper a detailed analysis of the first route is provided and a series of elements that could be a triggering factor of violence are identified. These are categorised into two groups: on the one hand, factors that condition the process of formation of couples; on the other hand, factors that facilitate the emergence of gender-based intimate partner violence in an already established intimate relationship. Among the first should be noted: the presence, in certain situations of exclusion, of masculinity role models in which aggressiveness and violence gain special relevance; and the existence of diverse circumstances that force women to start a relationship and, in this way, put them in a position of increased vulnerability in it. Among the second should be noted: the lack of family and social support, that increases women´s powerlessness; the effects of the accumulation of difficulties in diverse spheres; the male abuse of drugs; and the presence of an environment which, sometimes, does not disapprove the use of gender-based intimate partner violence. The novelty of the analysis performed herein resides in its reference to the notion of social exclusion and in the importance attributed to gender power relations when analysing the aetiology of violence. In other words, at all times the role of the aforementioned factors is interpreted in the light of the structural background of unequal gender relations in which it operates and without which their effect would necessarily differ.


2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (15-16) ◽  
pp. 2062-2082
Author(s):  
Karima Manji ◽  
Lori Heise ◽  
Beniamino Cislaghi

This study examines the link between the loss of men’s status as breadwinners and their use of intimate partner violence (IPV) in Kirumba (Mwanza city, Tanzania), mediated by the entry of women into the cash work force. Using qualitative data from 20 in-depth interviews and eight focus groups with men ( n = 58) and women ( n = 58), this article explores how the existing gender-related social norm linked to male breadwinning was threatened when women were forced to enter into paid work (linked to the family’s impoverishment), and how these changes eventually increased partner violence. The study draws implications for IPV reduction strategies in patriarchal contexts experiencing declining economic opportunities for men.


2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Øverlien

Teenage intimate partner violence. Digital media and coercive controlThe aim of this article is to describe violence and its different forms in an everyday context, through interviews with teenagers experiencing intimate partner violence, focusing on the violence that takes place in the digital arena. Using Evan Stark’s concept of coercive control, the dynamics of digital violence is explored. The conclusion is that the violence that takes place in the digital arena should be understood as a form of psychological violence. Furthermore, teenage intimate partner violence is a serious societal problem showing patterns and phenomenology similar to intimate partner violence between adults, and it must therefore be taken just as seriously.


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