scholarly journals SELEÇÃO DE FUNGOS PRODUTORES DE CELULASE PELO TESTE DO VERMELHO CONGO

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateus Felipetto Escoriça ◽  
Felipe Da Silva Figueira ◽  
Luis Carlos Biesek De Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Penicillium Janthinellum

Introdução: A celulose é um dos principais constituintes da parede celular vegetal, sendo de grande interesse econômico por ser uma alternativa para a produção de bioetanol, um combustível de fontes renováveis de ampla utilização mundial. O processo industrial de produção de bioetanol utiliza enzimas celulases fúngicas para converter a celulose em glicose, que será o substrato para a fermentação alcoólica. Entretanto, o modelo de interação de enzima-substrato pode variar de acordo com a fonte de celulose utilizada. O presente estudo visou uma seleção de fungos produtores de celulase para uma posterior avaliação da fermentação com celulose obtida a partir de algodão. Objetivos: Obtenção de um parâmetro qualitativo para screening de fungos celulolíticos. Material e métodos: As culturas foram induzidas a produção de celulase pelo meio de triagem cuja a única fonte de carbono foi a carboximetilcelulose com nutrição de sais. o período de cultivo foi de 7 dias em 30º C. As mesmas condições foram mantidas nos cultivos para o teste do vermelho congo. A ausência de detergentes diminuiu a indução dos halos de hidrolise. No teste, as colônias foram submetidas a choque térmico em 50 ºC por 4 h e uma solução de vermelho congo 2,5 g/L foi adicionada. Após 30 minutos a solução foi descartada e lavada com NaCL para realce dos halos. O índice enzimático (i.e) foi obtido pela razão dos diâmetros do halo de hidrolise com o halo de colônia. Resultados: Das 26 amostras, 4 testaram negativo para a hidrolise de celulose, os maiores índices enzimáticos ocorreram no fungo B12 proveniente da amostra de Buriti e Penicillium Janthinellum com i.e 2, 37 e 2,18 respectivamente. Conclusão: Devido à ausência de detergentes, fungos com maior potencial podem ter sido mascarados uma vez que os detergentes auxiliam na formação do complexo enzima-substrato. Observou-se uma maior relação entre a falta de detergentes e o halo de hidrolise em fungos Trichoderma spp o que se comprova na bibliografia.

Fungi associated with roots of cucumber grown in different greenhouse root substrates

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
J G Menzies ◽  
D L Ehret ◽  
C Koch ◽  
J W Hall ◽  
K A Seifert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Pythium Aphanidermatum ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Penicillium Oxalicum ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Pythium Irregulare ◽  
Penicillium Janthinellum ◽  
Cucumber Seedlings ◽  
Root Diseases ◽  
Cucumber Roots

Hydroponic soilless culture systems are commonly used in the greenhouse industry to mitigate soilborne root pathogens, but root diseases continue to be a major problem. A thorough knowledge of the root zone ecology of greenhouse crops is needed for the successful biological control of root diseases. The objectives of this study were to characterize the fungi associated with symptomless cucumber roots grown using different greenhouse substrates and to determine the effects of these fungi on plant growth. A total of 1250 fungal isolates were collected from cucumber roots grown in soil, rockwool, sawdust, or nutrient film and identified to genus and species. There was a greater density of fungal colonies on roots grown in soil than on roots grown in other substrates. Penicillium (87.2% of all isolates), Trichoderma (4.6%), and Pythium (3.0%) were the most common genera isolated from the cucumber roots. The two most common species were Penicillium oxalicum Currie & Thom (69.9%) and Penicillium janthinellum Biourge(13.4%). Pythium group F, Pythium group G, Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitzp., and Pythium irregulare Buisman were also isolated from healthy cucumber roots and all except Pythium group F were pathogenic to germinating cucumber seedlings. Treatment of cucumber seeds with Penicillium spp. resulted in significantly greater shoot length, root length, and seedling fresh weight of the resulting cucumber seedlings than did treatment with Trichoderma spp. One isolate of Penicillium janthinellum and one of Aspergillus sp. significantly improved survival of cucumber seedlings growing in a Pythium aphanidermatum-infested medium.Key words: hydroponics, Penicillium, Trichoderma, Pythium, Cucumis sativus.

An Attempt at Biological Control of Blossom Blight of Rose Caused by Botrytis cinerea Using some Local Trichoderma spp. Strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
G. Zadehdabagh ◽  
K. Karimi ◽  
M. Rezabaigi ◽  
F. Ajamgard
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Khuzestan Province ◽  
Inhibitory Potential ◽  
Cut Rose

The northern of Khuzestan province in Iran is mainly considered as one of the major areas of miniature rose production. Blossom blight caused by Botrytis cinerea has recently become a serious limiting factor in rose production in pre and post-harvest. In current study, an attempt was made to evaluate the inhibitory potential of some local Trichoderma spp. strains against B. cinerea under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The in vitro results showed that all Trichoderma spp. strains were significantly able to reduce the mycelial growth of the pathogen in dual culture, volatile and non-volatile compounds tests compared with control, with superiority of T. atroviride Tsafi than others. Under in vivo condition, the selected strain of T. atroviride Tsafi had much better performance than T. harzianum IRAN 523C in reduction of disease severity compared with the untreated control. Overall, the findings of this study showed that the application of Trichoderma-based biocontrol agents such as T. atroviride Tsafi can be effective to protect cut rose flowers against blossom blight.

Chitinolytic activity of the indigenous Trichoderma spp. from the north west of Pakistan against the fungal phytopathogens

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahzad Munir ◽  
Nadeem Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Abid ◽  
Shafiq Ur Rehman ◽  
Muhammad Ashraf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chitinolytic Activity ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Fungal Phytopathogens

Primary investigation of the diversity and distribution characteristics of Trichoderma spp. in the specific soil of volcanoic forest park and volcano platform

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Chang ◽  
Rui Miao ◽  
Abdul Majeed Baloch ◽  
Zhihong Yao ◽  
Abdul Wahid Baloch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Forest Park

Purification and Characterization of β-Glucosidase from Penicillium janthinellum Mutant EU2D-21

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar Nagraj ◽  
Nutan Mhetras ◽  
Susan Liddell ◽  
Digambar Gokhale
Keyword(s):  
Purification And Characterization ◽  
Penicillium Janthinellum

ANTAGONISMO in vitro DE Trichoderma spp. A PATÓGENOS DO CACAUEIRO

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Ferreira de Oliveira ◽  
Stela Dalva Vieira Midlej Silva ◽  
Marcos Vinícius Oliveira dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Spp

Management of collar rot disease in chickpea by Trichoderma species

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
PREM PANDEY ◽  
G. C. SAGAR ◽  
SUNDARMAN SHRESTHA2 ◽  
HIRAKAJI MANANDHAR ◽  
RITESH K. YADAV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Collar Rot ◽  
Rot Disease

Nine isolates of Trichoderma spp. were isolated from different agro- ecological regions of Nepal viz; Jumla, Palpa, Chitwan, Tarahara, Banke, Illam and Salyan and screened against Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. Adreded soil borne phytopathogen causing collar rot of chickpea in chickpea; In-vitro efficacy of nine fungal antagonist (Trichoderma spp.) against Sclerotium rolfsii were screened. Pot experiment was done to find out the effective management of S. rolfsi through Tricoderma using different methods i.e. Seed treatment, soil drenching and soil application. All the tested isolates of Trichoderma spp. were found effective on mycelial growth inhibition and sclerotial parasitization of S. rolfsii. Trichoderma isolated from Palpa district showed maximum growth inhibition (%) of pathogen periodically after 48(93.78%), 72(96.00%), 96(97.96%) and 120(100.00%) hours of inoculation. Parasitized sclerotium showed minimum sclerotial germination on agar plates. Moreover, Trichoderma species isolated from Palpa districts showed second best percent mycelial growth inhibition periodically at 72(25.00%), 120(29.16%), 168(29.16%) and 216(29.16%).In pot experiment at 40 days after sowing, Seedling height was maximum in soil drenching with 30g per 100ml of water (22.27cm) and Mortality percentage of seedlings was least or highest disease control was observed in seed treated with 109cfu/ml (0.000%).

scholarly journals Biocontrol of Stemphylium vesicarium and Pleospora allii on Pear by Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma spp.: Preventative and Curative Effects on Inoculum Production

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1455
Author(s):  
Concepció Moragrega ◽  
Alba Carmona ◽  
Isidre Llorente
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Stemphylium Vesicarium ◽  
Inoculum Production ◽  
Preventative Strategy ◽  
Pleospora Allii ◽  
Pathogen Colonization ◽  
Different Strains

Trials under controlled and field conditions were conducted to establish the effect of strategies of application of biological control agents (BCAs) in the reduction of Stemphylium vesicarium and Pleospora allii inoculum production on pear leaf debris. Six BCAs based on different strains of Trichoderma spp. (Tr1, Tr2) and Bacillus subtilis (Bs1, Bs2, Bs3 and Bs4) were evaluated. Two strategies were tested in controlled experiments: application before (preventative strategy) or after (curative strategy) pear leaf debris colonization by S. vesicarium, evaluating the growth inhibition and sporulation of S. vesicarium and the pseudothecia production of P. allii. When the BCAs were applied preventatively, the efficacy of treatments based on B. subtilis was higher than those based on Trichoderma spp. in controlling the pathogen colonization, but that of controlling the inoculum production of S. vesicarium and P. allii was similar. However, when the BCAs were applied curatively, Trichoderma based products were more effective. In field trials, Trichoderma spp. Tr1 and B. subtlilis Bs1 produced a consistent 45–50% decrease in the number of S. vesicarium conidia trapped compared to the non-treated control. We conclude that Bacillus subtilis Bs1 and Trichoderma spp. Tr1 and Tr2 can be expected to reduce fungal inoculum during the pear vegetative period by at least 45–50%. Additionally, Trichoderma spp. Tr1 and Tr2 have the potential to reduce the fungal overwintering inoculum by 80% to 90%.

scholarly journals Influence of Physicochemical Characteristics of Bean Crop Soil in Trichoderma spp. Development

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 274
Author(s):  
Sara Mayo-Prieto ◽  
Alejandra J. Porteous-Álvarez ◽  
Sergio Mezquita-García ◽  
Álvaro Rodríguez-González ◽  
Guzmán Carro-Huerga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Species

Spain has ranked 6th on the harvested bean area and 8th in bean production in the European Union (EU). The soils of this area have mixed silt loam and sandy loam texture, with moderate clay content, neutral or acidic pH, rich in organic matter and low carbonate levels, providing beans with high water absorption capacity and better organoleptic qualities after cooking. Similar to other crops, it is attacked by some phytopathogens. Hitherto, chemical methods have been used to control these organisms. However, with the Reform of the Community Agrarian Policy in the EU, the number of authorized plant protection products has been reduced to prevail food security, as well as to be sustainable in the long term, giving priority to the non-chemical methods that use biological agents, such as Trichoderma. This study aimed to investigate the relative importance of various crop soil parameters in the adaptation of Trichoderma spp. autoclaved soils (AS) and natural soils (NS) from the Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) “Alubia La Bañeza—León” that were inoculated with Trichoderma velutinum T029 and T. harzianum T059 and incubated in a culture chamber at 25 °C for 15 days. Their development was determined by quantitative PCR. Twelve soil samples were selected and analyzed from the productive zones of Astorga, La Bañeza, La Cabrera, Esla-Campos and Páramo. Their physicochemical characteristics were different by zone, as the texture of soils ranged between sandy loam and silt loam and the pH between strongly acid and slightly alkaline, as well as the organic matter (OM) concentration between low and remarkably high. Total C and N concentrations and their ratio were between medium and high in most of the soils and the rest of the micronutrients had an acceptable concentration except for Paramo’s soil. Both Trichoderma species developed better in AS than in NS, T. velutinum T029 grew better with high levels of OM, total C, ratio C:N, P, K, Fe, and Zn than T. harzianum T059 in clay soils, with the highest values of cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH, Ca, Mg and Mn. These effects were validated by Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA), texture, particularly clay concentration, OM, electrical conductivity (EC), and pH (physical parameters) and B and Cu (soil elements) are the main factors explaining the influence in the Trichoderma development. OM, EC, C:N ratio and Cu are the main soil characteristics that influence in T. velutinum T029 development and pH in the development of T. harzianum T059.

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