Features and Effects of Intellectual Property Rights in Internationalization

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-56
Author(s):  
Pia Hurmelinna-Laukkanen
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Right ◽  
International Growth ◽  
Strategic Perspective ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Perspective Analysis ◽  
Ipr Protection

Intangible assets facilitate successful international growth and, likewise, new value can be created through internationalization as it supports creating and utilizing such assets. Independent of whether the innovative creations are input or output, in order to preserve the benefits, awareness of the threat of imitation is needed. Departing from prior studies concentrating on patenting and copy-prevention, or taking the relationship between intellectual property right (IPR) protection and internationalization as given premises, this study addresses the features and effects of IPRs in internationalization from a more strategic perspective. Analysis of data from 299 companies provides empirical evidence.

How Does Stronger Protection of Intellectual Property Rights Affect National Pharmaceutical Expenditure? An Analysis of OECD Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youn Jung ◽  
Soonman Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Pharmaceutical Expenditure ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Pharmaceutical Spending ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ipr Protection

Intellectual property rights (IPR) protection for pharmaceuticals has been comprehensive and strict since the establishment of the World Trade Organization in 1995 and the subsequent implementation of the TRIPS Agreement. This study investigated the relationship between the level of IPR and national pharmaceutical expenditure using panel data of 22 OECD countries from 1970 to 2009. The patent index was used to measure the level of national protection for IPR along with other covariates: GDP per capita, the percentage of population aged over 65, number of doctors, proportion of public financing among total pharmaceutical expenditure, under-5 mortality, price index, and period indicators. The regression analysis results showed that the level of IPR protection was significantly correlated with pharmaceutical spending even after controlling for various factors that affect pharmaceutical expenditure. The results were consistent in OLS regression and GLS regression. However, the effect of IPR was stronger and more significant in countries with a relatively small-sized pharmaceutical market than in those with big market. Many developed countries incur a financial burden due to rapidly growing pharmaceutical expenditure; therefore, the results of this study present the possibility that stronger IPR would produce welfare loss in developed countries.

Intellectual property rights, migrants and competitiveness

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-53
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Yang ◽  
Huiying Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Female Migrants ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ipr Protection

Purpose This paper aims to explore the moderating effect of intellectual property rights (IPR) protection on the relationship between migrants and competitiveness. Design/methodology/approach This study explores how IPR protection in the sending country stimulates domestic competitiveness by creating the right environment for migrants who want to return to their home country. Findings The authors found that IPR protection has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between migrants and competitiveness. This impact decreases as the technology of the home country approaches frontier technology. Focusing on female migrants, the authors find that this impact exists and exhibits a U-shaped relationship over the course of economic development. Originality/value First, this is the first empirical analysis focusing on the influence of returned emigrants on competitiveness. Second, the moderating effect of IPR varies with economic development. Third, this study focuses on female migrants and finds that there is an impact, and this impact exhibits a U-shaped relationship over the course of economic development.

scholarly journals IPR Law Protection and Enforcement and the Effect on Horizontal Productivity Spillovers from Inward FDI to Domestic Firms: A Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danai Christopoulou ◽  
Nikolaos Papageorgiadis ◽  
Chengang Wang ◽  
Georgios Magkonis
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Productivity Spillovers ◽  
Domestic Firms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractWe study the role of the strength of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) law protection and enforcement in influencing horizontal productivity spillovers from inward FDI to domestic firms in host countries. While most WTO countries adopted strong IPR legislation due to exogenous pressure resulting from the signing of the Trade-Related Aspects of IPR (TRIPS) agreement, public IPR enforcement strength continues to vary significantly between countries. We meta-analyse 49 studies and find that public IPR enforcement strength has a direct positive effect on horizontal productivity spillovers from inward FDI to domestic firms and a negative moderating effect on the relationship between IPR law protection strength and horizontal productivity spillovers from inward FDI to domestic firms.

Foreign Direct Investment, Intellectual Property Rights, and Productivity Growth

2014 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 1440009
Author(s):  
Sasatra Sudsawasd ◽  
Santi Chaisrisawatsuk
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Outward Fdi ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ipr Protection

Using panel data for 57 countries over the period of 1995–2012, this paper investigates the impact of intellectual property rights (IPR) processes on productivity growth. The IPR processes are decomposed into three stages — innovation process, commercialization process, and protection process. The paper finds that better IPR protection is directly associated with productivity improvements only in developed economies. In addition, the contribution of IPR processes on growth through foreign direct investment (FDI) appears to be quite limited. Only inward FDI in developed countries which creates better innovative capability leads to higher growth. In connection with outward FDI, only the increase in IPR protection and commercialization are proven to improve productivity in the case of developing countries, particularly when the country acts as the investing country.

Foreign Direct Investment and Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS): The Case of Latin American & Caribbean Developing Economies

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Mumtaz Hussain Shah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Intellectual Property Right ◽  
Market Size ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Macroeconomic Stability

The growing share of knowledge-intensive products in international trade and the increasing sensitivity of multinational firms to intellectual property theft make it imperative to analyse the effect of IPR promulgation on their FDI decision. In this perspective the current article gauge the importance of Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement under World Trade Organisation (WTO) in increasing a Latin American & Caribbean (LAC) developing economy’s appeal for investors from abroad. Infrastructure and skilled labour availability, market size, macroeconomic stability, economic development, and trade liberalization are also considered. Time-invariant phenomena such as access to the sea, regional affiliations/proximities, income groupings and ability to speak one of the international languages, though desirable were not done because fixed effect panel estimation technique does not permit the use of dummy variables. Due to the 2008-2009 recession in the developed economies, the available investment funds withered, making the investors’ sceptic apropos the safety of their tangible and intangible property, especially in the developing world, causing a decrease in FDI to these nations in general. However, LAC countries were somewhat resilient and received a steadily increasing flow of foreign investment. Thus, it demands to analyse the factors that overcame the overseas investors’ scepticism and prompted them to invest in the LAC region. By utilizing annual data for 28 years that is 1989-2016 from 24 LAC developing nations it is found that infrastructure and human capital availability, macroeconomic stability, economic development, strengthening and worldwide harmonization of intellectual property right standards through TRIPS positively effects the overseas investor's investment decision. The host population used to measure market size is found to be insignificant when tested with other conventional FDI location pull factors. Similarly, liberalization, consistent with horizontal FDI theory, exerts a significant negative effect on inward FDI.

scholarly journals THE RIGHT OF AUTHORSHIP ON A WORK

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
Ciprian Raul Romiţan
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Moral Rights ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
Natural Connection ◽  
Artistic Work ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

The moral rights represent the legal expression of the relationship between the workand its creator; they precede, survive and exert a permanent influence on the economic rights.Moral rights are independent of economic rights, the author of a work preserving these rightseven after the transfer of its property rights.The right to claim recognition as the author of the work, called in the doctrine as the"right of paternity of the work" is enshrined in art. 10 lit. b) of the law and it is based on theneed to respect the natural connection between the author and his work. The right toauthorship is the most important prerogative that constitutes intellectual property rights ingeneral and consists of recognizing the true author of a scientific, literary or artistic work.

Ethics and Social Issues Related to Information Communication Technology (ICT)

2013 ◽  
pp. 1321-1333
Author(s):  
Nelson Edewor
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Information Communication Technology ◽  
Intellectual Property Right ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Personal Privacy

Information Communication Technology (ICT) has raised new ethical concerns about the protection of personal privacy, protection of intellectual property, user responsibility, acceptable access and use of information, software licenses and piracy. A good ICT policy must be able to adequately consider these, and many other associated issues. This chapter therefore describes these ethical issues and how to deal with them as an individual or an organization. It provides information on the concept of ethics and the technological advancements responsible for the ethical concern. It discusses privacy, information rights, and intellectual property rights and ethics policy. The Nigerian national intellectual property right laws were examined in line with World Trade Organization/Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (WTO/TRIP) compliance.

Ethics and Social Issues Related to Information Communication Technology (ICT)

2010 ◽  
pp. 135-147
Author(s):  
Nelson Edewor
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Information Communication Technology ◽  
Intellectual Property Right ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Personal Privacy

Information Communication Technology (ICT) has raised new ethical concerns about the protection of personal privacy, protection of intellectual property, user responsibility, acceptable access and use of information, software licenses and piracy. A good ICT policy must be able to adequately consider these, and many other associated issues. This chapter therefore describes these ethical issues and how to deal with them as an individual or an organization. It provides information on the concept of ethics and the technological advancements responsible for the ethical concern. It discusses privacy, information rights, and intellectual property rights and ethics policy. The Nigerian national intellectual property right laws were examined in line with World Trade Organization/Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (WTO/TRIP) compliance.

32. Remedies in intellectual property litigation

2019 ◽  
pp. 640-674
Author(s):  
Paul Torremans
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Traditional Remedies ◽  
Civil Remedies ◽  
Intellectual Property Infringement ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Full Trial

This chapter discusses the enforcement procedures used in relation to intellectual property rights, the civil remedies that apply, and some issues which arise in relation to the gathering of evidence in intellectual property cases. It identifies three essential elements in the relationship between intellectual property rights and remedies. First, there are the traditional remedies headed by damages that are normally granted at the trial. Second, intellectual property infringement often requires immediate action or a pre-emptive strike. Finally, gathering evidence that is vital for the full trial in an infringement case.

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