scholarly journals Study on Decline of Trees by Acid Rainfall

2004 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 347-353
Author(s):  
Chong-Kyu Lee ◽  
Jin-Hyoung Hwang ◽  
Jong-Kab Kim
Keyword(s):  
Acid Rainfall

scholarly journals Water quality impacts of young green roofs in a tropical city: a case study from Singapore

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Lim ◽  
E. Segovia ◽  
A. D. Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Green Roof ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Roof Runoff ◽  
Monitoring Period ◽  
Acid Rainfall

Abstract This study examined the effects of two substrates (SOIL and COMMERCIAL) and grass on the green roof runoff quality in Singapore. Ten events were sampled over a 9-month period. Rainfall and green roof runoff from grass and bare experimental configurations were tested for total organic carbon (TOC), nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients (N, NH4+-N and PO43−-P), cations/anions and trace metals (Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb). All configuration units neutralised acid rainfall and removed metals except Fe despite their proximity to an industrial area. Concentrations decrease over the monitoring period for most water quality variables. The COMMERCIAL (COM) configurations elevated Cl− (3.8–10.8 ppm), SO42− (1.5–32.4 ppm), NO3−-N (7.8–75.6 ppm) and NH4+-N (22.0–53.1 ppm) concentrations in the runoff. Concentrations of NO3−-N (4.5–67.7 ppm) and NH4+-N (14.7–53.0 ppm) remained high at the end of the monitoring period for the COMgrass configuration, even with dilution from monsoon rainfall, making it suitable as an irrigation water source and a fertiliser substitute. The SOIL substrate retained N-nutrients, TOC and trace metals with concentrations comparable or below rainfall inputs. This substrate is suitable for widespread green roof applications in Singapore and other tropical cities. We recommend substrate testing before their approval for use on green roofs and encourage the long-term monitoring of these systems.

Changes in xylem pressure potential of red spruce seedlings treated with ozone and simulated acid rain

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1200-1203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce R. Roberts ◽  
William N. Cannon Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Acid Rain ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Pressure Potential ◽  
Xylem Pressure ◽  
Xylem Pressure Potential ◽  
Acid Rainfall ◽  
Area Expansion ◽  
Air Control

Two-year-old containerized seedlings of red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.) were exposed for 8 weeks to charcoal-filtered air (control) or to 7 and 15 parts per hundred million (pphm) ozone (O3) alone and 15 pphm O3 in combination with simulated acid rainfall at pH 4.2 and 3.0 prior to measuring shoot xylem pressure potential. Pressure potential determinations for seedlings treated with O3 alone or O3 + acid rain were always higher (less negative) than similar determinations made on comparable seedlings grown in charcoal-filtered air. These results suggest that exposure to atmospheric deposition may affect xylem pressure potential indirectly by influencing transpirational water loss via stomatal closure and (or) reductions in leaf area expansion. Calculations of osmotic potential and turgor pressure suggest the possibility of some osmotic adjustment in response to deposition stress in this species.

scholarly journals Laboratory assay of aluminium transport through intact soil sample under controlled conditions

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Batysta ◽  
L. Borůvka ◽  
O. Drábek ◽  
V. Tejnecký ◽  
O. Šebek
Keyword(s):  
Soil Sample ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Beech Forest ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Undisturbed Samples ◽  
Aluminium Speciation ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
Acid Rainfall ◽  
Intact Soil ◽  
Different Soils

Aluminium (Al) mobilisation in the forest soils is a serious problem due to the soil acidification. The rate and magnitude of leaching of Al and other elements and compounds from soils can be examined by means of percolation experiments. Aluminium elutriation was studied under laboratory conditions using undisturbed samples of forest topsoil from the Paličník area in the Jizera Mountains (Czech Republic), which originated under two different vegetation covers: European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst). Ponding infiltration was performed using three subsequently applied solutions. KCl solution was used to simulate the soil solution. Solutions with sulphates and nitrates addition (of two different pH values) were used to simulate acid rainfall. Passing liquid phase was analysed with respect to Al content and aluminium speciation. Differences were found in Al content and transport between different soils under spruce and beech covers. The soil sample under the spruce forest (SF sample) had a higher initial Al content than the soil sample under the beech forest (BF sample). As a result, the aluminium leaching from the spruce soil sample and the final content of water-extractable Al in the soil (Al content after the leaching experiment) were higher compared to the beech soil sample. This suggests that Al mobility and potential toxicity in the beech forest are grater than those in the spruce monoculture when studied in the acidification endangered areas.

Nutrient leaching from Acerrubrum leaves by experimental acid rainfall

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Potter
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Base Cation ◽  
Nutrient Leaching ◽  
Tree Leaves ◽  
Field Site ◽  
Nutrient Pools ◽  
Leaching Losses ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory ◽  
Acid Rainfall

Freshly collected Acerrubrum L. leaves from a regenerating forest stand at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, North Carolina, were washed with experimental acid rainfall (pH 4.6). Nutrient leaching rates from undamaged leaves were significant for SO42−, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+, whereas NO3−-N was absorbed from rainfall. Significantly greater leaching of SO42−, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+, and significantly greater absorption of NO3−-N and NH4+-N, occurred in artificially damaged leaves than in undamaged leaves. Comparisons between leaching transfers and foliar nutrient pools showed that base cation (K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+) leaching losses account for up to 25% of foliar pools, whereas absorption of NO3−-N and NH4+-N from precipitation can increase total foliar N by almost 2%. Projected growing season cation leaching losses (expressed as a percentage of foliar pools) from damaged leaves were in agreement with previously reported whole-canopy leaching fluxes based on analysis of throughfall at the field site. These results suggest that nutrient leaching losses from young, rapidly growing tree leaves are lower than previously published leaching fluxes for more mature forest stands.

Leaching variations of heavy metals in chelator-assisted phytoextraction by Zea mays L. exposed to acid rainfall

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (31) ◽  
pp. 24409-24418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yayin Lu ◽  
Dinggui Luo ◽  
Lirong Liu ◽  
Zicong Tan ◽  
An Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Acid Rainfall ◽  
Assisted Phytoextraction

The Loch Dee Project: runoff and surface water quality in an area subject to acid precipitation and afforestation in SW Scotland

1987 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. T. Welsh ◽  
J. C. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Acid Precipitation ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Granite Complex ◽  
Acid Rainfall ◽  
Turn Over

ABSTRACTA description is given of the hydrological regime and associated surface water quality recorded at a multi-disciplinary long-term investigation into the effects of acid precipitation and afforestation. The study catchment at Loch Dee is situated on the margins of the Loch Doon granite complex in SW Scotland. Annual rainfall is in excess of 2200 mm. The three main tributary burns exhibit a rapid response to rainfall with a high percentage of direct runoff. The loch with an average volume of 3650 M1 and a contributing catchment area of 15·6 km2 has an average turn-over of approximately forty days but this has varied from 15 to 100 days. Local physical variations are shown to influence both hydrological response and surface water quality. Generally stream water during spate conditions reflects rainfall chemistry. Occasionally, however, moderately acid rainfall containing large concentrations of sea salts has produced highly acidic runoff through a process of ion-exchange within the surface horizons of the soils. The quality of base flows shows a spatial variation which reflects various lithologies to the extent that pH values ranging from 4·9 to 6·9 have been observed.

Corrosion of Concrete Using Portland Composite Cement and Rice Husk Ash under Simulated Acid Rain Environment

2013 ◽  
Vol 789 ◽  
pp. 511-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irma Aswani Ahmad ◽  
Herman Parung ◽  
M. Wihardi Tjaronge ◽  
Rudy Djamaluddin
Keyword(s):  
Acid Rain ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Simulated Acid Rain ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Composite Cement ◽  
Concrete Deterioration ◽  
New Type ◽  
Acid Rainfall ◽  
Acidity Level

Cement production, which results in higher CO2 levels, has a negative impact on environment. This phenomenon has caused the emergence of a new type of environmentally friendly cement, such as Portland Composite Cement (PCC). On the other hand, rainfall becomes high acidity level. This will be an issue in the construction of concrete, which causes concrete deterioration if value of pH is below 6. The purpose of this study is to investigate corrosion caused by acid rainfall when used PCC cement mixed with RHA. RHA replacement level of 5%, by weight of cement was used in this study. The compressive strength design was 30 MPa. The simulated acid rain solution was prepared by mixing solution of H2SO4 and HNO3 to reach value pH of 4. The deterioration was measured by the number of corrosion product using SEM test. The results indicate a decrease in the number of component corrosion that occurs by using ASP.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document