scholarly journals STRUCTURAL ATTRIBUTES, DIVERSITY AND MANAGEMENT OF SOME VAN PANCHAYAT FOREST STANDS OF GARHWAL HIMALAYA

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
B.S. Bhandari ◽  
Toseef Riaz ◽  
R.S. Rawat
Keyword(s):  
Single Species ◽  
Garhwal Himalaya ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Central Himalaya ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Pinus Roxburghii ◽  
Climax Species ◽  
Vested Interests ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Over Exploitation

Oak (Quercus oblongata) is an important component of mid-altitude ecosystem of the Central Himalaya which are exposed to over-exploitation making conditions favourable for the invasion by light-demanding conifers such as chirpine (Pinus roxburghii). The present study provides information on woody vegetation structure, composition, regeneration and management of four broadleaved forest stands of Garhwal Himalaya managed by Village Panchayat. Quercus oblongata was the most important and dominant species in all the stands. Although dominance was shared by a number of species, no single species was found to complete with this climax species. The presence of Alnus nepalensis (a nitrogen-fixing species) depicts the poor nitrogen status of these forest stands. High density values and low basal cover suggest that these community forest stands are younger than the natural oak reserve forests of the Central Himalaya. The richness index shows that the seedling strata are ecologically richer than the tree, sapling and/or shrub strata. High richness in the seedling strata is attributed to the low magnitude of biotic interferences in these communities based conserved forest stands. The regeneration potential of Quercus oblongata is much higher than the natural oak forests of Central Himalaya managed by the forest department. This supports the view that moderate disturbance regimes are more conducive to satisfactory regeneration of this species. Since the management of these forest stands is looked after by the Village Panchayat, they are introducing some conifers for their vested interests. This may add an additional competition of the broadleaved climax species with conifers as has been witnessed in most of the broadleaved oak forests of this altitudinal range.

Competition theory — science and application in mixed forest stands: review of experimental and modelling methods and suggestions for future research

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy R. Larocque ◽  
Nancy Luckai ◽  
Shailendra N. Adhikary ◽  
Arthur Groot ◽  
F. Wayne Bell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Individual Tree

Competition in forest stands has long been of interest to researchers. However, much of the knowledge originates from empirical studies that examined the effects of competition. For instance, many studies were focused on the effects of the presence of herbaceous species on the development of tree seedlings or the decrease in individual tree growth with increases in stand density. Several models that incorporate competitive effects have been developed to predict tree and stand growth, but with simplified representations of competitive interactions. While these studies provided guidance useful for forest management, they contributed only partially to furthering our understanding of competitive mechanisms. Also, most competition studies were conducted in single-species stands. As competitive interactions occurring in mixed stands are characterized by a higher degree of complexity than those in single-species stands, a better understanding of these mechanisms can contribute to developing optimal management scenarios. The dynamics of forest stands with at least two species may be affected not only by competition, but also by facilitation or complementarity mechanisms. Thus, knowledge of the mechanisms may provide insight into the relative importance of intra- versus inter-specific competition and whether competition is symmetric or asymmetric. Special attention to the implementation of field experimental designs is warranted for mixed stands. While traditional spacing trials are appropriate for single-species stands, the examination of competitive interactions in mixed stands requires more complex experimental designs to examine the relative importance of species combinations. Forest productivity models allow resource managers to test different management scenarios, but again most of these models were developed for single-species stands. As competitive interactions are more complex in mixed stands, models developed to predict their dynamics will need to include more mechanistic representations of competition.

scholarly journals Estimating Carbon Sequestration Rates and Total Carbon Stockpile in Degraded and Non-Degraded Sites of Oak and Pine Forest of Kumaun Central Himalaya

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Jina ◽  
Pankaj Sah ◽  
M. D. Bhatt ◽  
Y. S. Rawat
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Carbon Trading ◽  
Central Himalaya ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
The People ◽  
Forest Sites

We calculated the rates at which CO2 is being sequestered in two different forest types of Himalaya. For our comparative study we took the degraded and non-degraded sites of pine and oak forests in Kumaun Central Himalaya. The Van Panchayats (VPs) or Community Forests are managing the nondegraded forest sites for centuries, and from this research we have come to know that the sequestration of CO2 in these non-degraded forests is significantly greater than the degraded forests. The paper recommends the significance of community forests in both Uttarakhand and the world, and advocates that if we want to fight against global warming, we must encourage the community forests and that the people living in severe poverty in these forest areas who become the unsung heroes in the war against global warming, must be paid in lieu of saving their forests, which ultimately become the sink for increased CO2 worldwide. This business or ‘carbon trading' will indeed evolve as the panacea against the war against global warming. Key words: Carbon sequestration, community forests, Van Panchayats, green house gases, global warming, carbon trading.   doi: 10.3126/eco.v15i0.1946 ECOPRINT 15: 75-81, 2008

Forest-typological scales of seed oak forests of Voronezh region

10.12737/3347 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Хлюстов ◽  
Vitaliy Khlyustov ◽  
Мусиевский ◽  
Aleksandr Musievskiy
Keyword(s):  
Regression Equation ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Statistical Indicators

Calculated statistical indicators of numerical equation coefficients indicate significance of obtained regressions for each TFC (FT). The resulting regression equation allows carrying out calculations for all oak forest TFC (FT) of Voronezh region, in the age range of stands from 10 to 300 years, for completeness – from 0.3 to 1.0, the share of participation of oak in the composition of forest stands from 1 to 10 units. Developed forst typological scales for natural seed oak forests can detect patterns of increase of growth in trophotopes and ecotypes and within ecotypes and trophotopes – by hygrotopes.

Geo-forestry of Landslide-affected Areas in a Part of Central Himalaya

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K. Tiwari ◽  
J.S. Mehta ◽  
O.P. Goel ◽  
J.S. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Central Himalaya ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Pinus Roxburghii ◽  
Shorea Robusta ◽  
Crown Cover ◽  
Chir Pine

Black-and-white aerial photographs were used to map the lithology, land-use/forest types, and landslide zones (namely old, active, or potential) in a part of Central Himalaya. The landslide and land-use/forest type maps were simultaneously studied, and the frequency distribution of the landslide zones in different land-uses and forest types was estimated. The correlation between the maps indicated the following: In old landslide-affected sites, agriculture was the predominant land-use, followed by Pinus roxburghii forest (≤ 40% crown cover), scrub vegetation, and wasteland (including grassland). The presence of other forests (e.g. forests dominated by climax species such as Shorea robusta at low elevations and Quercus spp. at higher elevations) indicates a high potentiality of recovery of the ecosystems involved, provided biotic (especially anthropic) factors are not too intensive.The active and potential landslide zones were concentrated along geologically active planes, namely thrusts and faults, and/or in the vicinity of toe-erosion of hill-slopes. These two were dominated by P.roxburghii forest (≤ 40% crown cover). The broadleaf forests showed minimal signs of active and potential landslides, perhaps because of their multistratal character which is conducive to minimizing soil-loss compared with the mostly single-storeyed Chir Pine forest. It is, therefore, suggested that the sites should be maintained under a multistratal broadleaf canopy to conserve the soil. Where, however, the Chir Pine forest is already developed, appropriate silvicultural measures may be taken to increase its crown cover to more than 40%.

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