High Noon in the Ghetto

2018 ◽  
pp. 64-85
Author(s):  
Max Felker-Kantor
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Community Control ◽  
Crime Policy ◽  
Alternative Models ◽  
Black Panthers ◽  
Police Accountability ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Police Abuse ◽  
High Noon

Get-tough policing was not the only possible response to the urban uprisings of the 1960s as this chapter shows. African American and Mexican American residents challenged punitive crime policy, demanded police accountability, and promoted anti–police abuse activism. Residents and activists, such as the Black Panthers, Brown Berets, imagined the meaning of safety that rested on community control of the police. Yet the LAPD responded to these movements by framing them as a threat to order to justify increased officer discretion to harass, arrest, and repress. This cut short the possibility for alternative models of policing and ensured that grievances with the police persisted.

Do You Consider Revolution to Be a Crime?

2019 ◽  
pp. 222-255
Author(s):  
Simon Balto
Keyword(s):  
Police Department ◽  
Cook County ◽  
Community Safety ◽  
Community Control ◽  
Black Panthers ◽  
Chicago Police Department ◽  
Police Services ◽  
Deputy Chairman ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Chicago Police

The final chapter documents the wide range of Black-led activist efforts to reform the police at the end of the 1960s and in the early 1970s. The launching point is the assassination of Fred Hampton, Deputy Chairman of the Illinois Black Panther Party, in a 1969 killing orchestrated by the Chicago Police Department, the Cook County State’s Attorney, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation. In the aftermath of his killing, a wave of community organizations mobilized or expanded their protests about Chicago’s police. This included groups like the Afro-American Patrolman’s League, comprised of Black CPD officers seeking to end police brutality and ensure better police services for Black Chicago. It included U.S. Congressman Ralph Metcalfe using the power of his office to expose police violence and harassment, and the fight for community control of the police led by the Black Panthers. Some activists who advocated for police reform sought more responsive police services to better community safety from escalating gun violence; others, such as those involved in the push for community control, pursued visions of semi-abolition of the police as currently constituted. Binding them together was a common understanding that the CPD was not working for Black Chicago.

African and African American Religions in the Early Americas

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Young
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
African American Religion ◽  
African Religion ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter chronicles the relationship between African religious practices on the continent and African American religion in the plantation Americas in the era of slavery and the transatlantic slave trade. A new generation of scholars who emerged in the 1960s and 1970s have demonstrated not only that African religious practices exhibit remarkable subtlety and complexity but also that these cultures have played significant roles in the subsequent development of religious practices throughout the world. Christianity, Islam, and traditional African religion comprised a set of broad and varied religious practices that contributed to the development of creative, subtle, and complex belief systems that circulated around the African Diaspora. In addition, this chapter addresses some of the vexed epistemological challenges related to discussing and describing non-Western ritual and religious practices.

scholarly journals Disparate Post-Neonatal Mortality Rates of African-American and Mexican-American Infants: A Challenge for Epidemiologic Research

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (4, Part 2 of 2) ◽  
pp. 105A-105A
Author(s):  
Ellen Papacek ◽  
Aimee Drolet ◽  
Nancy Schulte ◽  
James W Collins
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Epidemiologic Research

Assessing Depressive Symptoms in African American and Mexican American Elders

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.M. Baker ◽  
David V. Espino ◽  
Beverly H. Robinson ◽  
Bess Stewart
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Mexican American

Folktales and Civil Rights

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Suk-Young Chwe
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
Real World ◽  
Strategic Thinking ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real World Applications ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Brer Rabbit

This chapter examines African American folktales that teach the importance of strategic thinking and argues that they informed the tactics of the 1960s civil rights movement. It analyzes a number of stories where characters who do not think strategically are mocked and punished by events while revered figures skillfully anticipate others' future actions. It starts with the tale of a new slave who asks his master why he does nothing while the slave has to work all the time, even as he demonstrates his own strategic understanding. It then considers the tale of Brer Rabbit and the Tar Baby, along with “Malitis,” which tackles the problem of how the slaves could keep the meat and eat it openly. These and other folktales teach how inferiors can exploit the cluelessness of status-obsessed superiors, a strategy that can come in handy. The chapter also discusses the real-world applications of these folktales' insights.

African American Catholics in the South and Desegregation, 1945–1970

2018 ◽  
pp. 169-200
Author(s):  
Mark Newman
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Educational Quality ◽  
Black Schools ◽  
Black Catholics ◽  
Community Institutions ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The One ◽  
The Church

Recollections from former students often present a positive appreciation of black Catholic schools primarily for their educational quality but also, in many cases, for their emphasis on self-worth and also, occasionally, on black culture and heritage. African American Catholics valued black schools and churches as religious and community institutions. Prelates generally sought to achieve desegregation by closing or downgrading black Catholic institutions. African American Catholics differed in their response. While some black Catholics reluctantly accepted such action as a necessary price for desegregation, others opposed these measures, upset by the one-sided nature of Catholic desegregation and inspired by the rise of black con consciousness in the second half of the 1960s. Some disillusioned African Americans, especially younger Catholics, left the church.

The Paradox of Reparations

2016 ◽  
pp. 159-188
Author(s):  
Greg Robinson
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Japanese Americans ◽  
Japanese American ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Redress Movement

This chapter offers a more complex and multiracial view of history by revisiting the narrative of the Japanese American redress movement and discovers a paradox at its core: while the campaign by Japanese Americans for reparations for their wartime confinement started at the end of the 1960s as part of a wider antiracist coalition, and received key support in its early stages from African American political leaders, Japanese Americans increasingly distanced themselves from their black allies as the goal of redress grew nearer, even as African Americans became increasingly public in their opposition. The chapter also shows how the victory of the redress movement in 1988 offered a major precedent, and a model, for reparations efforts by blacks.

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