Examples Of The Use Of Photogrammetry In Forensic Engineering And Accident Reconstruction

1999 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel T. Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Transformation Method ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Accident Reconstruction ◽  
Mouse Button ◽  
Oblique View ◽  
The Real ◽  
Base Points ◽  
Points Of Interest ◽  
Forensic Engineering ◽  
Definition Of

One Definition Of Photogrammetry Is, The Use Of Photographs For Making Maps. For Our Purposes, Photogrammetry Means The Extraction Of Dimensions In One Plane From Oblique View Photographs. Although There Is Software To Analyze In Three Dimensions, This Discussion Is Limited To A Single Surface Or Plane. The Software Chosen For Illustration Is Trans4 By J. Rolly Kenny2, Which Employs The Four-Point Transformation Method. To Start An Analysis A Print Is Attached To A Digitizer Pad. Then, With The Software Primed And Waiting On A Signal, A Mouse Button Is Clicked When The Cross-Hairs Of The Mouse Are Placed Over A Point On The Print. The Digitizer Will Send A Stream Of Data Back To The Computer, And The Software Will Read And Store The Location Of The Pad Under The Print At The Point. When All Points Of Interest Have Been Located In Pad Coordinates, The Real Or Measured Coordinates Of Four Of The Points Are Entered By Hand. The Software Then Computes The Real Coordinates For All Of The Points. The Four Points Of Reference Are Called Base Points (Bp). No Three Of Them Can Be In A Line, And All Points Of Interest Must Lie On The Same Plane.

scholarly journals Forensic Engineering Analysis Of Total Reaction Time

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Green
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Engineering Design ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Accident Reconstruction ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Perception Time ◽  
Forensic Engineering ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Actual Stimulus

This Paper Develops A Method For Determining A Meaningful Reaction Time In Accident Reconstruction And Civil Engineering Design. A Method For Total Perception Time (Tpt) Is Explained Using Literature From The Professions Of Psychology, Optometry And Engineering. A Determination Of Total Perception Time (Tpt), Or Total Perception Distance (Tpd), Is Given Where The Engineer Allows Enough Time For The Actual Stimulus To Be Identified Before Determining If Evasive Action Can Be Taken Or Collision Can Be Avoided. The Use Of Tpt Can Be Calculated In Accident Reconstruction And Engineering Design By Using The Actual Environmental Conditions That Were Present At The Site Under Investigation. The Purpose Of Presenting This Analysis Is To Establish A Starting Point For Discussion And Evaluation Of Total Perception Time (Tpt) Or Total Perception Distance (Tpd). The Reaction Time Sequence Affects Every Facet Of Forensic Engineering And Civil Engineering Design. It Is The Writers Intent That A Definition Of This Methodology Can Be Developed In Order That The Engineering Community Will Have A Tool That Is Accepted.

Psychometric Definition of Rorschach Determinant Component Structure

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond M. Costello
Keyword(s):  
Lower Order ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Comprehensive System ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Component Structure ◽  
Exner's Comprehensive System ◽  
Factor Analytic ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Definition Of

This is an empirical examination of Experienced Stimulation (es) and Experience Actual (EA) from Exner's Comprehensive System (CS) for Rorschach's Test, spurred by Kleiger's theoretical critique. Principal components analysis, Cronbach's α, and inter-item correlational analyses were used to test whether 13 determinants used to code Rorschach responses (M, FM, m, CF+C, YF+Y, C'F+C', TF+T, VF+V, FC, FC', FV, FY, FT) are best represented as a one, two, or more-dimensional construct. The 13 determinants appear to reflect three dimensions, a “lower order” sensori-motor dimension (m + CF+C + YF+Y + C'F+C' + TF+T + VF+V) with a suggested label of Modified Experienced Stimulation (MES), a “higher order” sensori-motor dimension (FM + FV + FY + FT) with a suggested label of Modified Experience Potential (MEP), and a third sensori-motor dimension (M+FC+FC') for which the label of Modified Experience Actual (MEA) is suggested. These findings are consistent with Kleiger's arguments and could lead to a refinement of CS constructs by aggregating determinants along lines more theoretically congruous and more internally consistent. A RAMONA model with parameters specified was presented for replication attempts which use confirmatory factor analytic techniques.

MixAR

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Telmo Adão ◽  
Luís Pádua ◽  
David Narciso ◽  
Joaquim João Sousa ◽  
Luís Agrellos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Mixed Reality ◽  
The Real ◽  
Points Of Interest ◽  
Real Scene ◽  
The Future

MixAR, a full-stack system capable of providing visualization of virtual reconstructions seamlessly integrated in the real scene (e.g. upon ruins), with the possibility of being freely explored by visitors, in situ, is presented in this article. In addition to its ability to operate with several tracking approaches to be able to deal with a wide variety of environmental conditions, MixAR system also implements an extended environment feature that provides visitors with an insight on surrounding points-of-interest for visitation during mixed reality experiences (positional rough tracking). A procedural modelling tool mainstreams augmentation models production. Tests carried out with participants to ascertain comfort, satisfaction and presence/immersion based on an in-field MR experience and respective results are also presented. Ease to adapt to the experience, desire to see the system in museums and a raised curiosity and motivation contributed as positive points for evaluation. In what regards to sickness and comfort, the lowest number of complaints seems to be satisfactory. Models' illumination/re-lightning must be addressed in the future to improve the user's engagement with the experiences provided by the MixAR system.

The Continuing Problem of Special Districts in American Government

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larita Killian
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Reporting Practices ◽  
Special Districts ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Policy Alignment ◽  
Definition Of

ABSTRACT Due to fiscal constraints and demands for increased accountability, scholars and public officials are reviewing the structure and reporting practices of local governments. These efforts are often incomplete, however, because they bypass special districts, which now comprise over 40 percent of all local governments. The proliferation of special districts has the potential to increase government costs, redirect the allocation of scarce resources, remove debt and expenditure practices from the public eye, and reduce democratic controls over elected officials. This paper highlights some of the public interest concerns related to these entities to inform future, localized research. For decades, scholars have approached special districts from two opposing theoretical perspectives: institutional reform and public choice. Literature from these opposing perspectives is used to analyze special districts along three dimensions: efficiency and economy of operations, policy alignment and allocation of resources, and democratic accountability. This paper uses the U.S. Census Bureau definition of special districts, though alternative definitions are discussed. Efforts by four states (Florida, Pennsylvania, Indiana, and New York) to improve local government, and their varying approaches to special districts, are reviewed, leading to the conclusion that the complex issues related to special districts must be resolved within state contexts.

scholarly journals Cultural Dimension of Sustainable Development as a Presumtion of Local Communities Development

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Miltojević ◽  
Ivana Ilić-Krstić
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Fourth Dimension ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
The Real ◽  
The World

The term “sustainable” can be found in both science and practice. As a global concept of development, it was accepted at the Conference in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 in order to overcome and find a possible way of dealing with problems connected to the development of contemporary civilization. Three dimensions of sustainable development are usually mentioned: economic, social and ecological. The paper points out the significance of the fourth dimension – cultural dimension, which is not only  significant for reaching development in the real sense of the world, but it also represents the basis for the development of local communities. The cultural dimension respects the particularities of local communities and emphasizes the maintenance of the cultural and national variety which is of special significance for multicultural societies.

scholarly journals Definition of SPA

2020 ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
José Rafael Marques da Silva ◽  
Manuela Correia
Keyword(s):  
International Society ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Definition Of

Some examples of SPA definitions are presented, including the most recent definition released by the International Society of Precision Agriculture (ISPA). The SPARKLE definition of SPA is presented, with a list of all the keywords used to accomplish that definition. The three dimensions of Precision Agriculture (Economy, Agronomy and Technology) and their relative weight are discussed. Materials for this topic include a presentation and a text, that are complementary.

scholarly journals Imagology of Iranians in One Thousand Nights and One Night

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Ehsan Ghabool ◽  
Mina Ravansalar
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Literature ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Real Image ◽  
Economic Prosperity ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Arabic Translation ◽  
The Real ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Definition Of

Imagology is a branch of comparative literature which explores the image of one nation in the literature of another nation. One Thousand Nights and One Night is among the important books which can show the image of different nations and people such as Indians, Iranians and Arabs. Since the oldest version of the book is in Arabic, it is considered an Arabic literary work though it was translated from a Persian tale in the first place. On this basis the study of the image of Iranians in One Thousand Nights and One Night can be included under the definition of imagology. In this article, first we explain, analyze and study the image of Iranians in the book One Thousand Nights and One Night with respect to 1. anthropology (including entertainments, personification of animals, disapprobation of lies and betrayal of spouses), 2. religious and mythical beliefs (including the belief in daevas and jinnis, magic, fire-worshipping and similar plots), 3. politics (emphasizing the position of vizier and his family in government), 4. economics (emphasizing economic prosperity), then we will compare the collected information with the image of Iranians in credited works and in this way we will identify the similarities and differences of Iranians’ image in One Thousand Nights and One Night and the above-said literary works. Finally we come to this conclusion that the similarities belong to the real image of Iranians in the pre-Islamic days and that differences show the image of post-Islamic Iran which is added through Arabic translation.

scholarly journals Unique Methods of Visual Presentation With Respect to Accident Reconstruction

1986 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank H. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Aerial Photography ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Accident Reconstruction ◽  
Engineering Communication ◽  
Automobile Accident ◽  
Direct Form ◽  
Forensic Engineering

Obviously, communication is one of the most important aspects of forensic engineering. Communication is certainly important between both the engineer and the lawyer as well as the engineer and the jury. Of course, communication involves not only sending a message to someone but also making sure that the message is understood by the person receiving it. Speaking and sending letters are two methods of sending a message. However, perhaps a more direct form of communication is visual. The old adage 'a picture is worth a thousand words' has been proven many, many times. Therefore, this discussion deals with two very specific methods of achieving communication through visual presentation. First of all, understand that these two methods are directed primarily toward accident reconstruction. For purposes of illustration, an automobile accident will be used as an example; however, these methods can be applied to other types of accidents as well. The first method, one involving aerial photography, is currently under development. The other method, which is primarily graphic, is already developed and available through several graphic companies or individuals.

scholarly journals Some remarks on incomplete gamma type function γ*(α, x_)

Filomat ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emin Özcağ ◽  
İnci Egeb
Keyword(s):  
Recurrence Relation ◽  
Real Line ◽  
Summable Function ◽  
Type Function ◽  
The Real ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Derivatives Of

The incomplete gamma type function ?*(?, x_) is defined as locally summable function on the real line for ?>0 by ?*(?,x_) = {?x0 |u|?-1 e-u du, x?0; 0, x > 0 = ?-x_0 |u|?-1 e-u du the integral divergining ? ? 0 and by using the recurrence relation ?*(? + 1,x_) = -??*(?,x_) - x?_ e-x the definition of ?*(?, x_) can be extended to the negative non-integer values of ?. Recently the authors [8] defined ?*(-m, x_) for m = 0, 1, 2,... . In this paper we define the derivatives of the incomplete gamma type function ?*(?, x_) as a distribution for all ? < 0.

scholarly journals Problemy z granicami wypowiedzeń w polszczyźnie mówionej – uwagi wstępne

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Szczyszek
Keyword(s):  
Spoken Language ◽  
Specific Task ◽  
The Real ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Task Oriented ◽  
Theoretical Reflection ◽  
Innovative Concept

The article discusses the problems associated with segmented into separate sentences the stream of spoken language. There are both: theoretical problems (what is utterance?, what are its boundaries?, what are the theoretical proposals for the segmentation of utterances?), and practical problems (where is the real border between the two utterances in spoken language?, what criteria of segmentation stream of spoken language can be used?). The language material – which is the basis for the research presented in this article – comes from twenty task-oriented dialogue sessions with the participation of forty speakers performing a specific task. As a result of the analysis, based on available positions and theoretical reflection I managed to develop a tool for syntactical segmentation of the stream of spoken language. This tool can be presented in the form of a new (innovative) concept of definition of the utterance.

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