scholarly journals Forensic Engineering Applications of the G-DaTA?V™ System of Equations to Real-World Collisions

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry S. Ogden
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Real World ◽  
System Of Equations ◽  
Collision Dynamics ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
Velocity Change ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
Light Trucks ◽  
Total Velocity

Analysis of vehicle deformation from impacts largely relies upon A and B stiffness coefficients for vehicle structures in order to approximate the velocity change and accelerations produced by an impact. While frontal impact stiffness factors for passenger vehicles, light trucks, vans, and sport utility vehicles are relatively prevalent for modern vehicles, stiffness factors for rear and side structures, as well as heavy vehicles, buses, recreational vehicles, trailers, motorcycles, and even objects, are essentially non-existent. This paper presents the application of the Generalized Deformation and Total Velocity Change Analysis to real-world collision events (G-DaTA?V™ System of Equations) as developed by this author. The focus of this paper addresses the relative precision and accuracy of the G-DaTA?V™ System of Equations for determining the total velocity change for oblique and/or offset vehicle-to-vehicle collisions involving light trucks and sport utility vehicles, which are largely under-represented with modern vehicle A and B stiffness values for side and rear surfaces. The previous paper presented by this author to the Academy addressed the relative accuracy and precision of the G-DaTA?V™ System of Equations as they relate to a first validation using the RICSAC-staged collision database. As a secondary and more comprehensive validation process, the G-DaTA?V™ System of Equations will be applied to real-world collision data obtained through the National Automotive Sampling System (NASS), which provides the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) with a comprehensive compilation of real-world collision events representing a broad-based collection of collision configurations from across the country. This data represents a reusable source of information that was collected using standardized field techniques implemented by NASS-trained field technicians. Through using a “core set of crash data components,” NASS has demonstrated its utility and applicability to a vast array of statistical and analytical studies regarding traffic safety and vehicle collision dynamics.

scholarly journals 40. MVCs: Five Most Frequent Sources of Injury

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (S2) ◽  
pp. S41-S41
Author(s):  
John E. Gough ◽  
Richard C. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
National Highway

Purpose: To determine the most frequent sources of injuries from the interior of motor vehicles involved in crashes.Methods: We searched the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's National Accident Sampling System to determine the most frequent sources of injuries. This database includes sources of injuries resulting from crashes from January 1, 1991 to December 31, 1992.

Rear-facing versus forward-facing child restraints: an updated assessment

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy L McMurry ◽  
Kristy B Arbogast ◽  
Christopher P Sherwood ◽  
Federico Vaca ◽  
Marilyn Bull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Field Evidence ◽  
Child Restraint

ObjectivesThe National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend children be placed in rear-facing child restraint systems (RFCRS) until at least age 2. These recommendations are based on laboratory biomechanical tests and field data analyses. Due to concerns raised by an independent researcher, we re-evaluated the field evidence in favour of RFCRS using the National Automotive Sampling System Crashworthiness Data System (NASS-CDS) database.MethodsChildren aged 0 or 1 year old (0–23 months) riding in either rear-facing or forward-facing child restraint systems (FFCRS) were selected from the NASS-CDS database, and injury rates were compared by seat orientation using survey-weighted χ2 tests. In order to compare with previous work, we analysed NASS-CDS years 1988–2003, and then updated the analyses to include all available data using NASS-CDS years 1988–2015.ResultsYears 1988–2015 of NASS-CDS contained 1107 children aged 0 or 1 year old meeting inclusion criteria, with 47 of these children sustaining injuries with Injury Severity Score of at least 9. Both 0-year-old and 1-year-old children in RFCRS had lower rates of injury than children in FFCRS, but the available sample size was too small for reasonable statistical power or to allow meaningful regression controlling for covariates.ConclusionsNon-US field data and laboratory tests support the recommendation that children be kept in RFCRS for as long as possible, but the US NASS-CDS field data are too limited to serve as a strong statistical basis for these recommendations.

Roof Strength: A Factor in Rollover Injuries

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Syson
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Reporting System ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
Light Trucks ◽  
Roof Strength ◽  
Involvement Rate ◽  
Serious Injuries

Abstract Recently, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) reported that injuries and fatalities in rollover continue to be a serious problem out of proportion with the relative frequency of such incidents. (Summers, 1997) On average, 7,797 annual rollover involved fatalities were reported by the Fatal Accident Reporting System (FARS), between 1988 and 1994. There were also between 43,000 and 58,000 annual rollover involved incapacitating injuries between 1988 and 1994, as reported by NASS GES. Approximately 16 percent of serious injuries to passenger car occupants and 42 percent of serious injuries to light truck occupants occurred in vehicles that rolled over. Light trucks, including vans, experienced the highest rollover involvement rate, 25.9 percent, compared to 15.3 percent for passenger cars.

scholarly journals Retooling Cafe

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (04) ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
John DeGaspari
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
Public Comment ◽  
Light Trucks ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) is focusing attention on fuel economy rules for light trucks. Some suggestions for reforms to certain CAFE standards have been published by the National Academy of Sciences in January 2002 in a report that examined the effectiveness of CAFE. The report suggests revising the structure of the light truck standards to reduce incentives to lower vehicle weight, because of the argument that weight increases safety. NHTSA is currently soliciting public comment for its possible CAFE reforms. The agency has not come up with definite targets for reform. It has stated some possibilities, including those in the National Academy of Sciences report, but is open to suggestions at this point. The National Academy of Sciences report analyzed the cost-effectiveness of the application of existing technology on various classes of cars and light trucks. The bottom line of the analysis is that proven technology can cost-effectively improve fuel efficiency, with light trucks showing the biggest opportunity for improvement.

A Commented Synopsis of the Report of the Committee for the National Tire Efficiency Study4

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-93
Author(s):  
Marion G. Pottinger ◽  
Joseph D. Walter ◽  
John D. Eagleburger
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Scrap Tire ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
Fuel Savings ◽  
Time Required

Abstract The Congress of the United States petitioned the Transportation Research Board of the National Academy of Sciences to study replacement passenger car tire rolling resistance in 2005 with funding from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The study was initiated to assess the potential for reduction in replacement tire rolling resistance to yield fuel savings. The time required to realize these savings is less than the time required for automotive and light truck fleet replacement. Congress recognized that other factors besides fuel savings had to be considered if the committee’s advice was to be a reasonable guide for public policy. Therefore, the study simultaneously considered the effect of potential rolling resistance reductions in replacement tires on fuel consumption, wear life, scrap tire generation, traffic safety, and consumer spending for tires and fuel. This paper summarizes the committee’s report issued in 2006. The authors, who were members of the multidisciplinary committee, also provide comments regarding technical difficulties encountered in the committee’s work and ideas for alleviating these difficulties in further studies of this kind. The authors’ comments are clearly differentiated so that these comments will not be confused with findings, conclusions, and recommendations developed by the committee and contained in its final report.

Distribution of Speed and Acceleration on a Tread Wear Course

1981 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Ludwig ◽  
F. C. Brenner
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
Level Crossings ◽  
Acceleration Level ◽  
Longitudinal Acceleration ◽  
Acceleration Data ◽  
National Highway

Abstract Belted bias and radial Course Monitoring Tires were run over the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration tread wear course at San Angelo on a vehicle instrumented to measure lateral and longitudinal accelerations, speed, and number of wheel rotations. The data were recorded as histograms. The distribution of speed, the distributions of lateral and longitudinal acceleration, and the number of acceleration level crossings are given. Acceleration data for segments of the course are also given.

The Analysis and Assessment of Test Method for Flammability of an Automotive Headlining Fabric

2011 ◽  
Vol 332-334 ◽  
pp. 1162-1166
Author(s):  
Zhuo Zhang ◽  
Ying Qing Liu ◽  
Zhong Hai Ren ◽  
Jia Zhuang Ma ◽  
Hu Shui Ye
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
Test Standards ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Mandatory Standard ◽  
Testing Standards ◽  
Interior Textile ◽  
Automotive Interior

The flammability is one of the most important features about safety for automotive interior material. This paper summarized the testing standards for flammability performed testing on a type of interior textile material made by one of domestic manufacturers, in accordance with the Chart 571.302 Standard No. 302 of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration of U.S. The complete introduction of national mandatory standard of China in flammability of interior material was introduced and domestic test standards of flammability with those of foreign countries all over world were compared. Finally, this paper proposed possible and would-be necessary parameters based on comprehensiveness of this kind of test due to safer requirement in future.

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