scholarly journals Preliminary Analysis of Roadway Accident Rates for Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Drivers — Forensic Engineering Application

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin E. Gordon ◽  
Justin J. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
Vehicle Accident ◽  
Forensic Engineering

According to the World Health Organization, there are more than 360 million people worldwide with hearing loss. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has reported that close to 30% of the United States population 65 years or older has significant hearing loss. The objective of this paper was to determine if deaf and hard-of-hearing drivers are more likely to be involved in motor vehicle accidents than hearing drivers. Data was extracted from the National Automotive Sampling System (NASS) and motor vehicle accident recordsfrom the Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) and National Technical Institute for the Deaf (NTID) campuses. The results of the NASS data analysis indicate that deaf and hard-of-hearing drivers are one and a half to nine times as likely to be seriously injured or killed in a motor vehicle accident. Motor vehicle accident records from RIT and NTID suggest that deaf and hard-of-hearing drivers are approximately three times as likely to be involved in a motor vehicle accident as hearing individuals. Forensic engineers may be able to use this data to assist in forensic engineering analysis in cases where deaf or hard-of-hearing drivers are involved.

scholarly journals Chronic Neck Pain and Whiplash: A Case-Control Study of the Relationship between Acute Whiplash Injuries and Chronic Neck Pain

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D Freeman ◽  
Arthur C Croft ◽  
Annette M Rossignol ◽  
Christopher J Centeno ◽  
Whitney L Elkins
Keyword(s):  
Neck Pain ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
Chronic Neck Pain ◽  
The United States ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Whiplash Injuries ◽  
Vehicle Accident ◽  
Control Study

The authors undertook a case-control study of chronic neck pain and whiplash injuries in nine states in the United States to determine whether whiplash injuries contributed significantly to the population of individuals with chronic neck and other spine pain.Four hundred nineteen patients and 246 controls were randomly enrolled. Patients were defined as individuals with chronic neck pain, and controls as those with chronic back pain. The two groups were surveyed for cause of chronic pain as well as demographic information. The two groups were compared using an exposure-odds ratio. Forty-five per cent of the patients attributed their pain to a motor vehicle accident. An OR of 4.0 and 2.1 was calculated for men and women, respectively.Based on the results of the present study, it reasonable to infer that a significant proportion of individuals with chronic neck pain in the general population were originally injured in a motor vehicle accident.

Influence of Vehicle Restraint System Design on the Kinematics and Neck Forces of a Rear Seat Small Occupant

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald S. Burke ◽  
Martha W. Bidez ◽  
Kathryn M. Mergl
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rear Seat ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Motor Vehicle Collisions ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
Vehicle Collisions

In 2008, motor vehicle collisions resulted in 968 child occupant fatalities and 193,000 seriously injured children, ages 14 years old and younger, according to the most recent data provided by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) [1]. In fact, motor vehicle collisions are the leading cause of death for all children ages 3 to 14 years old living in the United States [1]. As children grow older they require size-appropriate restraint types to fit their body at each developmental level. For older children, booster seats are not a total solution for child safety as they are often dependent on the design of the vehicle seat belt system (2). Additionally, there is no federal standard that requires vehicle manufacturers to dynamically test the performance of child seats of any type in their vehicles.

scholarly journals Ipsilateral facial nerve injury with contralateral labyrinthine concussion and subdural hematoma in a case of longitudinal temporal bone fracture

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 594-596
Author(s):  
Khim Soon Vong ◽  
Mohd Khairi Md Daud
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Subdural Hematoma ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Temporal Bone Fracture ◽  
Vehicle Accident ◽  
Hearing Assessment

Head trauma can lead to hearing loss. Both sensorineural and conductive hearing loss has been reported in cases of head injury. We report a case of labyrinthine concussion and subdural hematoma in the opposite ear of a patient who had head trauma after involved in motor vehicle accident. A complete hearing assessment for head trauma patients should be advised as it can avoid misdiagnosis and negligence in management.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(4) 2017 p.594-596

Motor Vehicle Injury in Childhood

1983 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 247-254
Author(s):  
Katherine K. Christoffel ◽  
Robert Tanz
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
Motor Vehicle Injury ◽  
Motor Vehicle Injuries

OVERVIEW OF EPIDEMIOLOGY In 1980 approximately 2 million Americans of all ages sustained motor vehicle injuries, and more than 52,000 died. Of the victims, nearly one quarter of a million injuries and 4,100 deaths involved children less than 15 years of age. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has estimated that approximately 2/100 infants born today will die in a traffic accident, and that two thirds of all infants born today will suffer injuries in such an accident. A statement by the American Association of Automotive Medicine, in its Guide for Medical Association Committee on Traffic Safety, helps to put the problem of motor vehicle injury further into perspective: "Cardiovascular disease, cancer, and stroke claim more lives, but many more young people, with many more remaining years of life, are killed or injured on the highway." In the United States, motor vehicle injury is the leading killer of children aged 1 to 4 years and of young adults; it ranks ahead of the malignancies, infectious diseases, and congenital anomalies (Table 1). For infants <1 year of age, although the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and diseases related to perinatal and birth disorders lead the list, motor vehicle mortality is actually higher for infants than for older children (Fig 1).

scholarly journals 40 Years and More of Tire Science and Technology: A History of The Tire Society

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vehicle Safety ◽  
Annual Conference ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
History Of ◽  
Motor Vehicle Safety

ABSTRACT In the late 1960s in the United States, public interest in motor vehicle safety was at an all-time high, resulting in the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act, the Highway Safety Act, and the creation of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Around 1970, a group of industry scientists saw a need for a forum for creation of useful tire standards and dissemination of scientific knowledge about tires. This led to the formation of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Committee F-09 on tires in 1971. In 1972, the committee began publication of the journal Tire Science & Technology (TSTCA), the first peer-reviewed journal dedicated exclusively to scientific articles on tires. In 1979, ASTM ceased publication of the journal, and in 1980, members of F-09 incorporated The Tire Society to continue publication. In 1982, The Tire Society held its first annual Conference on Tire Science and Technology. Nearly 40 years later, the society has been through many changes, but the journal, the annual conference, and the core mission of encouraging and disseminating knowledge about tire science and technology remain. Through a review of documents and interviews with members of the society, this article seeks to comprehensively document the history of The Tire Society.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Winter-Precipitation-Related Transportation Fatalities in the United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan W. Black ◽  
Thomas L. Mote
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
The United States ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Winter Weather ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
Temporal Characteristics ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Characteristics

Abstract Winter precipitation can be very disruptive to travel by aircraft and by motor vehicles. Vehicle fatalities due to winter precipitation are considered “indirect” and are not counted in Storm Data, the publication commonly used to evaluate losses from meteorological hazards. The goal of this study is to examine the spatial and temporal characteristics of these indirect transportation fatalities that involve winter precipitation for the period 1975–2011. Motor vehicle fatalities were gathered from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s (NHTSA) Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) database, while aviation fatalities were collected from the National Transportation Safety Board’s (NTSB) Aviation Accident database. Statistical analysis and geographic information systems (GIS) were used to assess the spatial and temporal characteristics of these deaths. Most winter-precipitation-related motor vehicle fatalities occur during the daylight hours. Fatal motor vehicle accident rates are higher than expected in the Northeast and Great Lakes regions, while winter-precipitation-related aviation fatalities are most common in the western United States. Vehicle fatality counts due to winter weather are compared to fatality counts for various hazards from Storm Data to highlight the differences between the datasets. Because of the exclusion of vehicle fatalities, Storm Data underestimates by an order of magnitude the number of fatalities that involve winter weather each year. It is hoped that a better understanding of winter precipitation mortality can be applied in order to reduce fatalities in the future.

Children Riding in the Back of Pickup Trucks: A Neglected Safety Issue

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 683-691
Author(s):  
George A. Woodward ◽  
Robert G. Bolte
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
The United States ◽  
Highway Safety ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
Pickup Truck ◽  
Pertinent Data

Motor vehicle-related trauma is the leading cause of death in children in the United States. All states have pediatric restraint requirements for passenger vehicles to help prevent these deaths and injuries. Only a few states, however, possess safety laws or restrictions for passengers who ride in the back of pickup trucks. A retrospective review of medical records for a 40-month period revealed 40 patients whose injuries were a direct result of being a passenger in the cargo area (bed) of a pickup truck. Their injuries and other pertinent data are discussed. Representatives from the Highway Safety Commission of each state were surveyed about their specific highway safety laws. The responses revealed that all states and the District of Columbia have child restraint requirements for passenger automobiles, 34 states have adult restraint laws, but only 17 states have any type of restriction for passengers riding in the back of pickup trucks. Seventy-one percent of the states with pickup truck regulations include only the preschool-age child. Data from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration concerning pickup trucks and passenger fatality are presented and discussed.

scholarly journals Distracted Driver Detection with Deep Convolutional Neural Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 6159-6163 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
The United States ◽  
Deep Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
World Health ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), over 1.3 million deaths occur worldwide each year due to traffic accidents alone. This figure elevates traffic mishaps to be the eight leading cause of death. According to another study the United States National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), the major cause of road deaths and injury is distracted drivers. Motivated by recent advancement of deep learning and computer vision in predicting drivers’ behaviour, this paper attempts to investigate the optimal deep learning network architecture to accurately detect distracted drivers over visual feed. Specifically, a thorough evaluation and detailed benchmark comparisons of pretrained deep convolutional neural network is carried out. Results indicate that the proposed VGG16network architecture is capable of achieving 96% accuracy on the test dataset images.

Stress State Dependence of Human Placenta Mechanical Behavior

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Weed ◽  
Ali Borazjani ◽  
Sourav Patnaik ◽  
Rajkumar Prabhu ◽  
Thomas Franz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
State Dependence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Maternal Trauma ◽  
Abruptio Placentae ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Vehicle Accident ◽  
Stress State Dependence

Maternal trauma affects 5–8% of all pregnancies and is the leading nonobstetric cause of maternal death in the United States [1]. The most common cause of trauma is motor vehicle accident (MVA) and the most common pathology is abruptio placentae, detachment of the placenta from uterus, which leads to serious maternal and fetal consequences [2].

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