Herd Practices and Their Association with Subclinical Mastitis Prevalence in Dairy Cows in Semiarid Regions of Northeastern Algeria

Abstract Subclinical mastitis in dairy cows is a big economic loss for farmers. The monitoring of subclinical mastitis is usually performed through Somatic Cell Count (SCC) in farm but there is the need of new diagnostic systems able to quickly identify cows affected by subclinical infections of the udder. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential application of thermographic imaging compared to SCC and bacteriological culture for infection detection in cow affected by subclinical mastitis and possibly to discriminate between different pathogens. In this study we evaluated the udder health status of 98 Holstein Friesian dairy cows with high SCC in 4 farms. From each cow a sample of milk was collected from all the functional quarters and submitted to bacteriological culture, SCC and Mycoplasma spp. culture. A thermographic image was taken from each functional udder quarter and nipple. Pearson’s correlations and Analysis of Variance were performed in order to evaluate the different diagnostic techniques. The most frequent pathogen isolated was Staphylococcus aureus followed by Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CNS), Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus agalactiae and others. The Somatic Cell Score (SCS) was able to discriminate (p<0.05) cows positive for a pathogen from cows negative at the bacteriological culture except for cows with infection caused by CNS. Infrared thermography was correlated to SCS (p<0.05) but was not able to discriminate between positive and negative cows. Thermographic imaging seems to be promising in evaluating the inflammation status of cows affected by subclinical mastitis but seems to have a poor diagnostic value.

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Molecular characterization of virulence factors in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine subclinical mastitis in central Ethiopia

Annals of Microbiology ◽

10.1186/s13213-021-01639-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Desiye Tesfaye Tegegne ◽

Gezahegne Mamo ◽

Hika Waktole ◽

Yohannes Equar Messele

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Virulence Factors ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Animal Health ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows ◽

Genomic Study

Abstract Purpose Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is the most important pathogen involved in bovine mastitis in dairy production. S. aureus produces a spectrum of extracellular protein toxins and virulence factors which are thought to contribute to the pathogenicity of the organism. The aim of this work was to isolate and molecular characterize S. aureus associated with bovine subclinical mastitis in the central part of Ethiopia. Methods A total of 265 lactating dairy cows from various dairy farms in four different geographical locations were screened by the California mastitis test (CMT) for bovine subclinical mastitis. One hundred thirty CMT-positive milk samples were collected and transported to the laboratory. Different biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used for the identification of S. aureus isolates. Finally, PCR was performed for molecular detection of virulence genes. Results From a total of 265 lactating dairy cows screened, 49% (n = 130) were positive for bovine subclinical mastitis. One hundred thirty mastitic milk samples were subjected to bacterial culturing, and one hundred (76%) S. aureus isolates were identified based on phenotypic characters. Sixty-eight confirmed S. aureus isolates were obtained using PCR. The confirmed S. aureus isolates were tested for six virulence genes (tsst-1, hlb, eta, sea, clfA, and icaD) using PCR. Of the six virulence genes screened from all the isolates, only two (clfA and eta) were detected in the isolates. Out of 68 isolates, 25% and 22% were possessed the eta and clfA genes, respectively. Conclusion The presence of Staphylococcus aureus having virulence genes (eta and clfA) revealed that mastitis is a major concern nowadays affecting animal health, milk quality, and yield. Further genomic study of these isolates will provide broad new insights on virulence.

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Mycoplasmal mastitis in dairy cows in the Moghan region of Ardabil State, Iran : short communication

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association ◽

10.4102/jsava.v77i4.382 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 77 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

C. Ghazaei

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Short Communication ◽

Bovine Mastitis ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Mycoplasma Bovis ◽

Bulk Tank Milk ◽

Milk Samples ◽

The World ◽

Bulk Tank

Mycoplasmas are an important and economically significant cause of mastitis in dairy cows in various parts of the world. The organisms are highly contagious, with the main reservoir of infection originating from cows with subclinical mastitis. In 1998 the 1st cases of bovine mastitis due to Mycoplasma bovis were diagnosed in Ardabil State, Iran. An investigation was carried out with the aim of establishing the extent of mycoplasma infections in dairy cows in Ardabil State. Milk samples obtained from 80 cows with clinical mastitis were cultured in the laboratory for the presence of mycoplasmas. Similarly, 48 bulk-tank milk samples were examined for the presence of mycoplasmas. A modified Hayflick broth was used to isolate the mycoplasmas and an immunoperoxidase test used for the species identification of the isolates. Mycoplasma bovis was isolated from 39 (48.75 %) of the clinical mastitis samples and from 48 of the bulk-tank milk samples tested. This indicated that mycoplasma udder infections were more prevalent in dairy cows in Ardabil State than previously thought.

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Epidemiological Studies on Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy cows in Assiut Governorate

Veterinary World ◽

10.5455/vetworld.2009.373-380 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 373 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ahmed AbdelRady ◽

Mohammed Sayed

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Epidemiological Studies

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Evaluation of sodium lauryl sulfate for the development of cow-side mastitis screening test

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2021.2290-2295 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 2290-2295

Author(s):

Nobonita Sarker Tanni ◽

Md. Shafiul Islam ◽

Mojahidul Kabir ◽

Mst. Sonia Parvin ◽

Md. Amimul Ehsan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Sodium Lauryl Sulfate ◽

Early Stage ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Screening Tests ◽

Bromocresol Purple ◽

Lauryl Sulfate ◽

Operating Characteristics ◽

Milk Samples

Background and Aim: Subclinical mastitis (SCM) is an economically important disease for dairy cattle worldwide; therefore, regular screening is imperative to detect SCM at an early stage so as to control it. The study was conducted to compare the test characteristics of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) as a test reagent to detect SCM in dairy cows. Materials and Methods: First, 106 milk samples of dairy cows were subjected to available indirect screening tests (white side test [WST], surf field mastitis test, Leucocytest, and Immucell) considering somatic cell count (SCC) as gold standard test. Then 273 milk samples were allowed to react with different concentrations of SLS with or without sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and indicators (bromothymol blue [BTB] and bromocresol purple [BCP]). Results: SLS with or without NaOH yielded best reaction with the milk samples similar to Leucocytest. It was observed that the reaction of milk samples with SLS added with indicators (BTB and BCP) was easier to visualize than without indicators. SLS 3%+NaOH 1.5% with BTB and SLS 2% with BCP had high sensitivity, specificity, and substantial agreement with SCC. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of SLS 2% with BCP and SLS 3%+NaOH 1.5% with BTB was 0.917 and 0.875, respectively. Conclusion: It may be concluded that SLS 3%+NaOH 1.5% with BTB and SLS 2% with BCP may be the potential reagents for the development of an effective cow-side test to detect SCM, as the main ingredient SLS is considerably cheap and readily available in developing countries.

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Intramammary Propolis Formulation for Subclinical Mastitis Prevention and Treatment in Dairy Cows

Journal of Dairy Veterinary & Animal Research ◽

10.15406/jdvar.2016.03.00091 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Goran Bacic

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Prevention And Treatment

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Spatial Dependence of Udder Surface Temperature Variation in Dairy Cows with Healthy Status and Mastitis

Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal ◽

10.1590/s1519-99402001102019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

Author(s):

Rodes Ângelo Batista da Silva ◽

Héliton Pandorfi ◽

Gledson Luiz Pontes de Almeida ◽

Abelardo Antônio de Assunção Montenegro ◽

Marcos Vinícius da Silva

Keyword(s):

Surface Temperature ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Spatial Dependence ◽

Focal Length ◽

Diagnostic Procedures ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Variability Pattern ◽

Thermographic Camera ◽

Positive Classification

ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to assess the spatial variability pattern concerning udder surface temperature in dairy cows that were healthy and in those with mastitis. A total of 24 animals were selected - eight healthy, eight with subclinical mastitis, and eight with clinical mastitis. Images were taken with a Flir i60 thermographic camera - resolution of 0.01°C, focal length of 1.0 m, and emissivity adjusted to 0.98 - between 05:00 and 07:00, totaling 96 images, three per animal, of the front and rear, right and left mammary quarters. Analyses were run through geostatistics, with semivariogram adjustment to validate the theoretical model and build kriging maps. The average surface temperature of the mammary quarters with positive classification for subclinical mastitis stood between 33.2 ± 0.67ºC and 34.64± 1.07ºC; for negative quarters, values ranged from 29.3 ± 1.78ºC to 32.24 ± 0.62ºC. The udder surface temperatures of healthy animals were lower than those of animals with subclinical mastitis (29.3ºC ± 1.78 and 31.58ºC ± 0.62). The udder surface temperature of animals with clinical mastitis was higher, between 34.0 and 37.5°C, compared to the other clinical statuses. The scale adopted for image pattern analysis successfully identified the spatial dependence of udder surface temperature, which helped standardize diagnostic procedures for healthy animals, and for those with subclinical and clinical mastitis, by means of geostatistics.

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