Persistent Candida albicans Infection of A Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt Infection Unresponsive to Amphotericin B Treatment Because of Increased Minimum Inhibitory Concentration

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 181-184
Author(s):  
Canan Kuzdan ◽  
Ayşe Karaaslan ◽  
Ahmet Soysal ◽  
Khaula Mounla ◽  
Nilgün Çerikçioğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Shunt Infection ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt ◽  
Candida Albicans Infection

scholarly journals In vitro activities of Traganum nudatum and Mentha pulegium extracts combined with amphotericin B against Candida albicans in production of hydrolytic enzymes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikram Tefiani ◽  
Sidi Mohammed Lahbib Seddiki ◽  
Moustafa Yassine Mahdad
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Normal Flora ◽  
Mentha Pulegium ◽  
Hydrolytic Activities

Background and Purpose: Candida albicans is an important microorganism in the normal flora of a healthy subject; however, it has an expedient pathogenic character that induces hydrolytic virulence. Regarding this, the present study aimed to find an in vitro alternative that could reduce the virulence of this yeast. Materials and Methods: For the purpose of the study, the effect of amphotericin B (AmB) combined with the extract of Traganum nudatum (E1) or Mentha pulegium (E2) was evaluated against the hydrolytic activities of esterase, protease, and phospholipase. This effect was determined by calculating the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), used to adjust the extract/AmB mixtures in culture media. Results: The evaluated Pz values, which corresponded to the different enzymatic activities, showed a decrease in the hydrolytic activities of C. albicans strains after the addition of E1/AmB and E2/AmB combinations at descending concentrations (lower than the obtained MICs). Conclusion: Based on the findings, it would be possible to reduce the pathogenesis of this species without destabilizing the balance of the flora.

Comparison of antifungal efficacies of moxifloxacin, liposomal amphotericin B, and combination treatment in experimental Candida albicans endophthalmitis in rabbits

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yudum Tiftikcioğlu Deren ◽  
Şengül Özdek ◽  
Ayşe Kalkanci ◽  
Nalan Akyürek ◽  
Berati Hasanreisoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Liposomal Amphotericin ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Liposomal Amphotericin B ◽  
Control Group

The goal of this study was to compare in vitro and in vivo efficacy of moxifloxacin and liposomal amphotericin B (Amp-B) monotherapies and combination treatment against Candida albicans in an exogenous endophthalmitis model in rabbit eyes. Microplate dilution tests and checkerboard analysis were performed to detect in vitro efficacies. Endophthalmitis was induced by intravitreal injection of C. albicans in 40 rabbit eyes with simultaneous intravitreal drug injection according to prophylactic treatment groups. Group 1 (control group) received 0.1 mL of balanced salt solution, group 2 (moxi group) 100 µg moxifloxacin/0.1 mL, group 3 (Amp-B group) 10 µg liposomal Amp-B/0.1 mL, and group 4 (combi group) both 100 µg moxifloxacin/0.05 mL and 10 µg liposomal Amp-B/0.05 mL intravitreally. Clinical examination, quantitative analysis of microorganisms, and histopathologic examination were performed as in vivo studies. The minimum inhibitory concentration of liposomal Amp-B against C. albicans was found to be 1 µg/mL. Moxifloxacin showed no inhibition of in vitro C. albicans growth. The minimum inhibitory concentration values of liposomal Amp-B for C. albicans were reduced two- to eightfold with increasing concentrations of moxifloxacin in vitro. In vivo, there was no C. albicans growth in the combi group (zero of eight eyes), whereas three eyes (37.5%) showed growth in the Amp-B group. Vitreous inflammation, retinal detachment, focal retinal necrosis, and outer nuclear layer loss were found to be lower in the moxi group compared with the control group. Ganglion cell and inner nuclear layer loss was observed in all eyes (100%) in both the moxi and combi groups, whereas only in 25% (two of eight eyes) in the Amp-B group. Moxifloxacin strongly augments the efficacy of liposomal Amp-B against C. albicans in vitro, although it has no in vitro antifungal activity when used alone. It is interesting that we found a synergistic effect for in vitro tests but failed to demonstrate it in vivo. When 100 µg moxifloxacin/0.1 mL is given intravitreally, it has some toxic effects that are limited to the inner retinal layers.

scholarly journals Liquid and vapor-phase antifungal activities of natural borneol against Candida albicans and its germ tube formation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yazhou Wang ◽  
Huiling Liu
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Phase Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Natural Medicine ◽  
Candida Albicans Infection

AbstractCandida albicans infection mainly occurs in patients with suppressed immune function, and it is also the main pathogen of hospital infection. The new strategies are needed to treat the existing resistance of antifungal drugs. The use of natural products aimed at controlling fungal diseases is considered an interesting alternative to synthetic fungicides due to their lower adverse reactions, lower cost to plant preparations compared to modern conventional pharmaceuticals. Natural borneol has a long history of treating ulcers and local infections. In this study, the minimum inhibitory concentration of natural borneol on ATCC10231 and 10 clinically isolated Candida albicans was determined by vapor phase method and dilution method, and the influence of sub-minimum inhibitory concentration on the formation of Candida albicans hyphae was observed. We found that the minimum inhibitory concentration of ATCC10231 and 10 clinically the isolates in the vapor phase were both 0.4 mg/cm3, agar and broth dilution methods were 2 mg/mL. The vapor phase of natural borneol has a better inhibitory effect on Candida albicans, Sub-mic concentration of borneol (0.125-1mg/ml) in the liquid phase inhibits the 60%-99% formation of Candida albicans germ tube. Natural borneol is a potential natural medicine for the treatment and prevention of Candida albicans infection. It brings new insights into the development of novel effective antifungal drugs.

scholarly journals (R)-(+)-β-Citronellol and (S)-(−)-β-Citronellol in Combination with Amphotericin B against Candida Spp.

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Silva ◽  
Hermes Diniz-Neto ◽  
Laísa Cordeiro ◽  
Maria Silva-Neta ◽  
Shellygton Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Fungal Cell

The enantiomers (R)-(+)-β-citronellol and (S)-(−)-β-citronellol are present in many medicinal plants, but little is understood about their bioactivity against Candida yeasts. This study aimed to evaluate the behavior of positive and negative enantiomers of β-citronellol on strains of Candida albicans and C. tropicalis involved in candidemia. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicide concentration (MFC) were determined. The evaluation of growth kinetics, mechanism of action, and association studies with Amphotericin B (AB) using the checkerboard method was also performed. R-(+)-β-citronellol and S-(−)-β-citronellol presented a MIC50% of 64 µg/mL and a MFC50% of 256 µg/mL for C. albicans strains. For C. tropicalis, the isomers exhibited a MIC50% of 256 µg/mL and a MFC50% of 1024 µg/mL. In the mechanism of action assay, both substances displayed an effect on the fungal membrane but not on the fungal cell wall. Synergism and indifference were observed in the association of R-(+)-β-citronellol and AB, while the association between S-(−)-β-citronellol and AB displayed synergism, additivity, and indifference. In conclusion, both isomers of β-citronellol presented a similar profile of antifungal activity. Hence, they can be contemplated in the development of new antifungal drugs providing that further research is conducted about their pharmacology and toxicity.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Amphotericin B Cochleates against Candida albicans Infection in a Mouse Model

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1463-1469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Zarif ◽  
John R. Graybill ◽  
David Perlin ◽  
Laura Najvar ◽  
Rosie Bocanegra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Unique Shape ◽  
Tissue Burden ◽  
Candida Albicans Infection

ABSTRACT Cochleates are lipid-based supramolecular assemblies composed of natural products, negatively charged phospholipid, and a divalent cation. Cochleates can encapsulate amphotericin B (AmB), an important antifungal drug. AmB cochleates (CAMB) have a unique shape and the ability to target AmB to fungi. The minimal inhibitory concentration and the minimum lethal concentration against Candida albicans are similar to that for desoxycholate AmB (DAMB; Fungizone). In vitro, CAMB induced no hemolysis of human red blood cells at concentrations of as high as 500 μg of AmB/ml, and DAMB was highly hemolytic at 10 μg of AmB/ml. CAMB protect ICR mice infected with C. albicans when the agent is administered intraperitoneally at doses of as low as 0.1 mg/kg/day. In a tissue burden study, CAMB, DAMB, and AmBisome (liposomal AmB; LAMB) were effective in the kidneys, but in the spleen CAMB was more potent than DAMB at 1 mg/kg/day and was equivalent to LAMB at 10 mg/kg/day. In summary, CAMB are highly effective in treating murine candidiasis and compare well with AmBisome and AmB.

scholarly journals Cryptococcal cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection treated with fluconazole

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-228
Author(s):  
Daniel Eymard ◽  
François Lebel
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Tuberculous Meningitis ◽  
Cryptococcal Meningitis ◽  
Graft Function ◽  
Shunt Infection ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt ◽  
Oral Fluconazole ◽  
Renal Graft ◽  
Short Course

A 37-year-old woman with a cadaveric renal allotransplantation required intra-cranial shunting devices after a presumptive episode of tuberculous meningitis. Six months later, she developed a culture-proven cryptococcal meningitis. Without having her ventriculo-auricular shunt removed, she was successfully treated with a short course of amphotericin B (335 mg) and flucytosine (nine days) followed by prolonged therapy with oral fluconazole (400 mg daily for 72 days). Three years post treatment she had no evidence of relapse, and normal renal graft function.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Microbial Bacterial and Fungal Diversity in Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt Infection

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e83229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara D. Simon ◽  
Christopher E. Pope ◽  
Samuel R. Browd ◽  
Jeffrey G. Ojemann ◽  
Jay Riva-Cambrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Shunt Infection ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt

scholarly journals ANTI-CANDIDA ALBICANS ACTIVITY OF THE ASSOCIATION OF CITRONELAL WITH ANFOTERICIN B OR WITH CETOCONAZOLE

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (31) ◽  
pp. 250-257
Author(s):  
Patrícia Duarte Costa SILVA ◽  
Brenda Lavínia Calixto dos SANTOS ◽  
Gustavo Lima SOARES ◽  
Wylly Araújo de OLIVEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Isolated Species

Fungal infections caused by species of the genus Candida are responsible for high morbidity and mortality rates, mainly affecting immunocompromised individuals. Among fungi, Candida albicans is the most frequently isolated species of clinical specimens. A problem associated with increased resistance of pathogenic fungi to the agents used in the therapeutic regimen and the limited number of drugs to cure these infections. As a result, the search for new drugs with antifungal activity has become increasingly important. The aim of this study is to study the antifungal activity of citronellal alone and in combination with amphotericin B or ketoconazole. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration of citronellal, amphotericin B and ketoconazole against strains of Candida albicans were evaluated by the microdilution technique, and the Minimum Fungicide Concentration of citronellal against the same strains was also performed. Through the checkerboard methodology the effect of the combination of citronelal with amphotericin B or with ketoconazole was determined. This study showed that the association of citronellal with ketoconazole was shown to be an additive against one of the strains of C. albicans and indifferent to another strain. While the combined activity of citronellal and amphotericin B demonstrated an indifferent effect on the strains tested.

scholarly journals Mono-/Bis-Alkenoic Acid Derivatives From an Endophytic Fungus Scopulariopsis candelabrum and Their Antifungal Activity

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Tang ◽  
Xueshuang Huang ◽  
Ming-Hang Cao ◽  
Zhiyan Wang ◽  
Zhiyin Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Exserohilum Turcicum ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Alkenoic Acid

During a screening for antifungal secondary metabolites, six new mono-/bis-alkenoic acid derivatives (2–7) and one known alkenoic acid derivative (1) were isolated from an endophytic fungi Scopulariopsis candelabrum. Their chemical structures were identified by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 2D NMR, and high-resolution mass spectrometry, as well as comparisons with previously reported literatures. Among them, fusariumesters C‒F (2–5) are bis-alkenoic acid derivatives dimerized by an ester bond, while acetylfusaridioic acid A (6) and fusaridioic acid D (7) are alkenoic acid monomers. All the isolates were submitted to an antifungal assay against Candida albicans and the corn pathogen Exserohilum turcicum using the filter paper agar diffusion method. As a result, only compound 1 decorating with β-lactone ring turned out to be active against these two tested fungi. The broth microdilution assay against Candida albicans showed the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 1 to be 20 μg/ml, while the minimum inhibitory concentration value of the positive control (naystatin) was 10 μg/ml. And the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value (21.23 μg/ml) of 1 against Exserohilum turcicum was determined by analyzing its inhibition effect on the mycelial growth, using cycloheximide (IC50 = 46.70 μg/ml) as the positive control.

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