scholarly journals Negotiating Selves: Reflections on ‘Unstructured’ Interviewing

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Collins

In this paper I reflect on a series of informal or ‘unstructured’ interviews with people experiencing chronic job insecurity. I show that far from being merely a source of data these interviews are dynamic social interactions wherein multiple dialogues are conducted between multiple selves. I argue that because interviews are epistemologically ambiguous, morally ambivalent and emotionally charged they cannot be seen simply as repositories of ‘objective facts’ but should also be understood as mutually constructed social events with an existential quality sui generis.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathilda Froesel ◽  
Maëva Gacoin ◽  
Simon Clavagnier ◽  
Marc Hauser ◽  
Quentin Goudard ◽  
...  

Abstract Social interactions rely on the interpretation of semantic and emotional information, often from multiple sensory modalities. In primates, both audition and vision serve the interpretation of communicative signals. Autistic individuals present deficits in both social communication and audio-visual integration. At present, the neural mechanisms subserving the interpretation of complex audio-visual social events are unknown. Based on heart rate estimates and functional neuroimaging, we show that macaque monkeys associate affiliative facial expressions or social scenes with corresponding affiliative vocalizations, aggressive expressions or scenes with corresponding aggressive vocalizations and escape visual scenes with scream vocalizations, while suppressing vocalizations that are incongruent with the visual context. This process is subserved by two distinct functional networks, homologous to the human emotional and attentional networks activated during the processing of visual social information. These networks are thus critical for the construction of social meaning representation, and provide grounds for the audio-visual deficits observed in autism.One-sentence summary Macaques extract social meaning from visual and auditory input recruiting face and voice patches and a broader emotional and attentional network.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (26) ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
Maxim A. Yuzhanin

In the presented article socio-psychological mechanisms and basic principles of communicative intersubjective mutual influence in a context of contemporary social reality are regarded, and also possible ways of overcoming the arising manipulations are designated. The main goal of the work can be considered to identify the conceptual foundations for the implementation of intersubjective manipulative influence, study the basic principles and methods of applied socio-psychological impact on the interpersonal and personal-group levels of communications and interactions, and define possible methods of effectively countering unwanted and harmful manipulations. As a result of the undertaken analysis, it was found that the methodology of intersubjective influence in modern society consists of 7 key principles based on the paradigm of standardized and stereotypical behavioural responses of members of society, which include the principles (and the corresponding methods of applied manipulative influence) of contrasting perception, mutual exchange, consistent commitment, social affirmation, determinate emotional disposition, and authority reference. The author’s interpretation and generalization of relevant areas and examples of domestic and foreign everyday social practice allowed forming a holistic vision of the issues under consideration. As a result, the presented article not only contains analytical conclusions about the nature and mechanisms of modern social interactions and communications, but also offers specific practical recommendations to avoid unwanted and dangerous intersubjective manipulative influences through the development of internal self-control in a person and the formation of a rationalized and differentiated critical perception surrounding people, the proposals and claims put forward by them, and following resulting social events. Thanks to this approach, modern citizens, voters, and consumers have the opportunity to stop being “passive puppets” in the skilful alien hands and turn into full-fledged actors, making independent decisions and forming their own behaviour models.


1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 1945-1953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Perrin ◽  
Jacques Coulon ◽  
Michel Le Berre

The composition and social interactions of three family groups of Marmota marmota were observed during a study in the Vanoise National Park (French Alps) from mid-June to late September. Interactions between members of the same group were mainly cohesive, which confirms the social nature of this species. Social interactions between marmots from different family groups were rare and agonistic. The rate of social interactions decreased as the season progressed, probably in relation to a shift in allocation of energy to preparation for hibernation. Some cohesive interactions increased just before immergence, when marmots restricted their activity to the main burrow system. Rates of social interactions differed between groups and between individuals. Fewer agonistic acts, more play-fighting, and persistence of play-fighting late in the active season among immatures suggest the influence of an ontogenetic component. The most agonistic of the studied groups included an adult male that had recently immigrated. He focused most of his agonistic acts on three 2-year-old males, of which two dispersed during the season. Social events characteristic of each group, individual variability, and level of familiarity between group members influence the quality of social interactions and the dispersal of immatures. Social relationships between familiar individuals are amicable and can facilitate the retention of immatures in their natal group as well as their recruitment by emigrant adults.


Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Radosław Michalski ◽  
Boleslaw K. Szymanski ◽  
Przemysław Kazienko ◽  
Christian Lebiere ◽  
Omar Lizardo ◽  
...  

Human relations are driven by social events—people interact, exchange information, share knowledge and emotions, and gather news from mass media. These events leave traces in human memory, the strength of which depends on cognitive factors such as emotions or attention span. Each trace continuously weakens over time unless another related event activity strengthens it. Here, we introduce a novel cognition-driven social network (CogSNet) model that accounts for cognitive aspects of social perception. The model explicitly represents each social interaction as a trace in human memory with its corresponding dynamics. The strength of the trace is the only measure of the influence that the interactions had on a person. For validation, we apply our model to NetSense data on social interactions among university students. The results show that CogSNet significantly improves the quality of modeling of human interactions in social networks.


2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-139
Author(s):  
Kelly L. Harper ◽  
Kari M. Eddington ◽  
Paul J. Silvia

Introduction: Research suggests that social disconnection is one pathway that explains why perfectionists have higher negative mental health outcomes. However, thus far research has not examined the role that perfectionists' expectations, about their social world, plays in explaining social disconnection. The current study examined whether negative expectations about future social events and social hopelessness explained the relations between socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP), self-oriented perfectionism (SOP), and social disconnection. Method: The current study used experience sampling methodology (ESM) with 145 participants to test multilevel structural equation models examining whether negative expectations and social hopelessness mediated the relation between SPP (as well as SOP) and loneliness at the following time point. Results: Results indicate that having negative expectations for future social interactions and feeling socially hopeless explains the relation between SPP and loneliness both when loneliness was measured concurrently and loneliness measured later in the day. Having lower levels of social hopelessness explained the relation between SOP and loneliness when loneliness was measured concurrently and later in the day. Discussion: Findings suggest that SPP and SOP are differently associated with cognitions about social interactions and relationships in daily life, which in turn explains variations in loneliness. Results indicate that targeting socially prescribed perfectionists’ negative social cognitions in treatment may be effective for reducing loneliness.


2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Hite ◽  
Patricia Solís ◽  
Lindsay Wargo ◽  
Thomas Larsen

Research suggests numerous cognitive benefits of authentic learning experiences. Beyond cognition, there are additional dimensions for learners who engage in authentic learning experiences. In education, the affective experiences of authentic learning and the role of students’ social interactions remain largely unexplored. This paper examines students’ affective and social experiences derived from blog posts published on the YouthMappers website. YouthMappers is an international network of university students who create open map data for humanitarian and development programming. In an analysis of two years (2016–2017) of 82 blogs from the YouthMappers network, students from the U.S. and abroad report motivating experiences fueled by social events and gatherings. The participants also find value in communicating with, encouraging, educating, and supporting their peers. Geographic region and gender also play a part in their accounts. This paper seeks to advance research in student affect and social interactions during authentic learning experiences. Positive affective and social experiences may be employed to create authentic learning experiences, building impactful social and emotional experiences for globally-diverse students.


Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1583
Author(s):  
Xiaomei Huang ◽  
Guoqiong Liao ◽  
Naixue Xiong ◽  
Athanasios V. Vasilakos ◽  
Tianming Lan

In recent years, Event-based social network (EBSN) applications, such as Meetup and DoubanEvent, have received popularity and rapid growth. They provide convenient online platforms for users to create, publish, and organize social events, which will be held in physical places. Additionally, they not only support typical online social networking facilities (e.g., sharing comments and photos), but also promote face-to-face offline social interactions. To provide better service for users, Context-Aware Recommender Systems (CARS) in EBSNs have recently been singled out as a fascinating area of research. CARS in EBSNs provide the suitable recommendation to target users by incorporating the contextual factors into the recommendation process. This paper provides an overview on the development of CARS in EBSNs. We begin by illustrating the concept of the term context and the paradigms of conventional context-aware recommendation process. Subsequently, we introduce the formal definition of an EBSN, the characteristics of EBSNs, the challenges that are faced by CARS in EBSNs, and the implementation process of CARS in EBSNs. We also investigate which contextual factors are considered and how they are represented in the recommendation process. Next, we focus on the state-of-the-art computational techniques regarding CARS in EBSNs. We also overview the datasets and evaluation metrics for evaluation in this research area, and discuss the applications of context-aware recommendation in EBSNs. Finally, we point out research opportunities for the research community.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Anne Fee ◽  
Sonja McIlfatrick ◽  
Assumpta Ryan

Abstract Whilst loneliness and social isolation amongst older care-givers are becoming increasingly recognised, little is known about how these concepts impact on specific sub-groups of care-givers, such as older males. In the current study, we aimed to gain a better understanding of the experiences of loneliness and social isolation amongst older spousal male care-givers. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 24 participants, caring for a spouse/partner with a long-term chronic condition. After thematic analysis of the data, three themes were identified: dwindling social interactions, loneliness in the spousal relationship, and living with loneliness and social isolation. Study findings suggest that opportunities for social interactions gradually ‘dwindled’ due to a reluctance by older male care-givers to leave their spouse/partner at home alone, to accept offers of help or respite, or to attend social events without their spouse/partner. Consequently, social isolation increased. Feelings of physical and emotional loneliness were evident, and the loss of spousal companionship (such as loss of conversation and shared interests) increased loneliness. Individualised coping strategies were adopted including focusing on moments of positivity, talking to others and using prescribed medication. Findings provide insight into the experience of loneliness and social isolation for many older male spousal care-givers. This may facilitate a better understanding of older male care-givers’ support needs in addressing loneliness and social isolation, and should help to inform the development of targeted support services for this population.


Author(s):  
Connie K. Porcaro ◽  
Clare Singer ◽  
Boris Djokic ◽  
Ali A. Danesh ◽  
Ruth Tappen ◽  
...  

Purpose Many aging individuals, even those who are healthy, report voice changes that can impact their ability to communicate as they once did. While this is commonly reported, most do not seek evaluation or management for this issue. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and differences in voice disorders in older adults, along with the effect of fatigue on their social interactions. Method This is a cross-sectional investigation of a community-dwelling sample of individuals aged 60 years or older. Participants completed the Questionnaire on Vocal Performance, the Social Engagement Index subset “Engagement in Social or Leisure Activities,” and the Fatigue Severity Scale. Results Results indicated 32.5% of the 332 participants reported symptoms of voice problems with no difference found between male and female respondents. A slight increase in report of voice problems was noted with each year of age. Participants who self-reported voice problems indicated less interaction in social activities involving communication than those who did not. Finally, as severity of self-reported voice problems increased, an increase was reported by the same individuals for signs of fatigue. Conclusions Voice problems and resulting decreased social interaction are commonly experienced by older individuals. Voice symptoms in older adults have been found to benefit from evidence-based treatment strategies. It is critical to provide education to encourage older individuals to seek appropriate evaluation and management for voice issues through a speech-language pathologist or medical professional.


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