scholarly journals Headline or Trend Line?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Konaev ◽  
◽  
Andrew Imbrie ◽  
Ryan Fedasiuk ◽  
Emily Weinstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Trend Line ◽  
Research Publications ◽  
Trends Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Chinese and Russian government officials are keen to publicize their countries’ strategic partnership in emerging technologies, particularly artificial intelligence. This report evaluates the scope of cooperation between China and Russia as well as relative trends over time in two key metrics of AI development: research publications and investment. The findings expose gaps between aspirations and reality, bringing greater accuracy and nuance to current assessments of Sino-Russian tech cooperation.

Difficult Partnerships: The World Bank, States, and NGOs

2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (04) ◽  
pp. 149-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah A. Bräutigam ◽  
Monique Segarra
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Professional Networks ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Time Bank ◽  
Over Time

AbstractSince the early 1990s, World Bank officials in many countries have pressed their government borrowers to include nongovernmental organizations as development partners. What impact has this new partnership norm had in the bank's borrower countries, and why? This article investigates these questions through longitudinal analysis of three cases: Guatemala, Ecuador, and the Gambia. In their first iteration in the 1990s, these bank-sponsored efforts generally failed to take root; yet by the 2000s, NGOs and state actors were engaged in multiple partnerships. This article suggests that over time, bank officials' repeated efforts to embed these new ideas fostered a social learning process that led NGOs to adopt more strategic partnership practices and government officials to see NGO partners as useful. Several factors may affect this learning process: levels of professionalism and the growth of professional networks, the presence of effective “bridge builders,” and the level of historical conflicts.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Fröhlich ◽  
Abiodun Williams
Keyword(s):  
Security Council ◽  
International Context ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
Executive Action ◽  
Trends Over Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Way ◽  
Guiding Questions

The Conclusion returns to the guiding questions introduced in the Introduction, looking at the way in which the book’s chapters answered them. As such, it identifies recurring themes, experiences, structures, motives, and trends over time. By summarizing the result of the chapters’ research into the interaction between the Secretaries-General and the Security Council, some lessons are identified on the changing calculus of appointments, the conditions and relevance of the international context, the impact of different personalities in that interaction, the changes in agenda and composition of the Council as well as different formats of interaction and different challenges to be met in the realm of peace and security, administration, and reform, as well as concepts and norms. Taken together, they also illustrate the potential and limitations of UN executive action.

Robots as cognitive tools

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Pfeifer
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Abstract Thinking ◽  
Cognitive Tools ◽  
Developmental Robotics ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Natural Forms ◽  
Over Time

Artificial intelligence is by its very nature synthetic, its motto is “Understanding by building”. In the early days of artificial intelligence the focus was on abstract thinking and problem solving. These phenomena could be naturally mapped onto algorithms, which is why originally AI was considered to be part of computer science and the tool was computer programming. Over time, it turned out that this view was too limited to understand natural forms of intelligence and that embodiment must be taken into account. As a consequence the focus changed to systems that are able to autonomously interact with their environment and the main tool became the robot. The “developmental robotics” approach incorporates the major implications of embodiment with regard to what has been and can potentially be learned about human cognition by employing robots as cognitive tools. The use of “robots as cognitive tools” is illustrated in a number of case studies by discussing the major implications of embodiment, which are of a dynamical and information theoretic nature.

Trends over time in the use of laparoscopic hysterectomy for the treatment of endometrial cancer

2015 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 536-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Kroft ◽  
Qing Li ◽  
Refik Saskin ◽  
Laurie Elit ◽  
Marcus Q. Bernardini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Laparoscopic Hysterectomy ◽  
Trends Over Time ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals Trends over time in enrollment in non-group health insurance plans by tobacco use in the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 46-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F. Pesko ◽  
Johanna Catherine Maclean ◽  
Cameron M. Kaplan ◽  
Steven C. Hill
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Group Health ◽  
Trends Over Time ◽  
Group Health Insurance ◽  
Over Time
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