scholarly journals Technology Transfer, Development, Deployment and Productivity Performance in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-128
Author(s):  
Irfan Ali ◽  
Zafar Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Foreign Technology ◽  
Know How ◽  
Technology Deployment ◽  
Tfp Growth ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Technology Absorption

Productivity (TFP) performance is not only influenced by the direct effects of human capital, R&D (technology development)), embodied and disembodied forms of technology transfer and know-how through capital imports, FDI and use of foreign IPRs (technology transfer activities), but importantly is indirectly affected by compo-nents like the interactive effects of machinery and equipment imports, royalties and licenses fee payments, FDI, human capital and technology deployment. In this context, we analyzed internal technology building capabilities, trade-related technology transf-er activities and foreign technology absorption capabilities. The ARDL technique demonstrates that stable long-run association exists amongst all the chosen variables. The results indicate that investment in human capital boost the TFP, in addition expenditures on R&D, imports of machinery are crucial determinants of TFP growth. Surprisingly, FDI appears with a negative sign but the indirect effect of FDI through its interaction with human capital is positive. This indicates that FDI in the presence of human capital plays a favourable role in enhancing TFP. Moreover, the imports of machinery directly and indirectly, in association with both human capital and R&D, increase the growth of TFP. These findings provide evidence that internal technology building capabilities enhances the TFP growth significantly; while, embodied form of technology transfer has a positive and significant impact on the growth of TFP; whereas, disembodied technology transfer exerts positive but statistically insignificant impact on TFP growth. Furthermore, the study lends support for the existence of strong foreign technology absorption capabilities.

Innovation and Foreign Technology

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Barbiellini Amidei ◽  
John Cantwell ◽  
Anna Spadavecchia
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Foreign Technology ◽  
International Technology Transfer ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Innovative Capability ◽  
Indigenous Innovation ◽  
Activity Performance ◽  
The Impact

The chapter explores the long-run evolution of Italy's performance in technological innovation as a function of international technology transfer, reconstructing the different phases and dimensions of Italian innovative activity, tracking the transfer of foreign technological knowledge through a number of channels, analyzing the impact of imported technology. The study is based on a newly constructed dataset, over the 1861-2009 period, composed of variables related to innovation activity performance, foreign technology transfer, and domestic absorptive and innovative capability. The analysis highlights, also by econometric assessment, the significant contribution of foreign technology to innovation activity results. Machinery imports and the accumulation of technical human capital contributed positively to innovation activity; inward FDI contributed positively to productivity growth, but not to indigenous innovation activity results. Differences across channels of technology transfer and historical phases emerge, also in connection with the evolution of human capital endowment and domestic innovative capacity.

scholarly journals Roles Of Human Capital And Total Factor Productivity Growth As Sources Of Growth: Empirical Investigation In Thailand

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paitoon Kraipornsak
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Production Function ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Capital Input ◽  
Tfp Growth ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Residual Growth ◽  
Factor Input

Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth has long been identified as an exogenous source of economic growth (the residual growth). Recently, there have been a number of economists who introduced and developed the view of endogenous growth model. An argument is that all important factors of source of growth are incorporated into the growth model, there should not present a significant exogenous residual growth. This paper presents an analysis on estimated TFP growth of which it could be considered as a factor of technological progress that is viable in the economy as it is believed. This study included human capital input into the estimated sectoral production function as an essential factor input that can explain capacity of knowledge advancement and an effective innovation in the economy. Human capital is therefore considered to play an essential role in modern growth theory. However, empirically, the effect of human capital on growth and productivity has been inconclusive probably due to the estimation problem. Frequently macroeconomic time series are often non stationary, this study cautiously dealt with the estimation in line with stationary time series econometrics. In this paper, human capital index was constructed based on the Mincerain wage equation and was augmented into the production function for the analysis of growth. The results of the estimation indicated the existence of long run positive contribution of the TFP growth in agriculture but insignificant long run contribution to growth in services. Human capital also positively contributed to growth in agriculture but it was insignificantly contributed to growth in industry and services. Remarkably, physical capital input was found the significant contribution to growth in all sectors. The study also estimated for the economy wide allowing all three sectors to interact among them and found that in the long run growth of industry can be traded off with those of agriculture and services. The TFP growth was also found significantly contributable to the long run growth of the economy. The finding is consistent with the new concept of endogenous growth hypothesis. The conventional concept of the TFP growth estimated from the two input production function was found inadequate to explain the contribution to growth. Human capital was found to be the third factor input that must be included in the estimation of production function. The residual growth or the shift of production function or the TFP growth in this study can mainly be explained by technological progress that is not represented by any other factor of advancement. Nevertheless, this technological progress or the TFP growth must be incorporated and be estimated at the same time in the model but not as being the residual of the regression equation. Therefore, the residual growth in line with the conventional concept must be insignificant. Additionally, because the findings excluded the essential factors, which is human capital input from the estimated standard two factor input models, it caused the residual growth to be significant, as found in the past.

scholarly journals The Determinants of Total Factor Productivity in Polish Subregions. Panel Data Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Dańska-Borsiak ◽  
Iwona Laskowska
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Tfp Growth ◽  
Long Run

The significant role of TFP in stimulating the long-run economic development induces researchers to seek for the sources of the TFP growth. The mail goals of the paper are: to estimate the level of TFP in the years 2003-2009 at the level of subregions, and to define the factors which determine this estimated TFP level. The first hypothesis being verified is, that the role of the quality of human capital in stimulating long-run economic growthis crucial and can be measured by the model. The second hypothesis is, that there are some factors affecting the TFP level which are common in all subregions.

scholarly journals The Differentiated Influence of Technology Absorption on Regional Economic Growth in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Yi ◽  
Xiaomeng Fang ◽  
Yao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Regional Economic Growth ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Technology Service ◽  
Development Technology ◽  
Regional Sustainable Development ◽  
Technology Absorption

Technology absorption based on technology input–output is a main source of regional economic growth, and it can be one of the mechanisms to achieve regional sustainable development. In order to explore the influence mechanism and effects of regional technology absorption on economic growth, this paper classifies 30 provinces (including municipalities and autonomous regions) in China into technology input areas and technology output areas. With economic data from 2000 to 2016, this paper adopts the Hausman test and conducts an empirical study using regression analysis of fixed effect and random effect. The result shows that: (1) compared to technology output areas, technology absorption has a greater effect on economic growth in technology input areas; and (2) in general, all of these different types of technology transactions contribute to promoting regional economy. In technology output areas, the promoting effects of four different technology transactions on economic growth are sequenced from strong to weak as following: technology development, technology consultation, technology service, and technology transfer, while in the technology input areas, the promotion effect on economic growth from strong to weak is technology development, technology service, technology consultation, and technology transfer.

scholarly journals TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND MANUFACTURING PERFORMANCE: NIGERIA’S COINTEGRATION AND CAUSAL EVIDENCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 09-25
Author(s):  
Olumuyiwa Olamade ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Causal Relationships ◽  
Technology Learning ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Manufacturing Performance ◽  
Fixed Capital Formation

This paper investigates the long-run and causal relationships of technology spillovers on manufacturing performance in Nigeria using the share of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in gross fixed capital formation as a proxy for technology transfer for the period 1981 to 2019 in a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The FDI stock appears to be too low at less than 1% of capital formation to generate any significant positive spillovers on manufacturing performance, resulting in an insignificant negative long-run relationship and the absence of causal relationships. The size of the local market has the most significant positive long-run effect on manufacturing performance, and the causality for this effect is one-way from manufacturing. A one-way causality was also observed from manufacturing to income per capital, though the long-run effect was significantly negative. The paper concluded that FDI technology spillover is presently not a major factor in Nigeria’s manufacturing performance. This may be redressed with policies aimed at increasing FDI inflows, increasing the technology-learning capacity of local firms and their vertical integration with foreign firms, and the creation of national infrastructure for technology development and diffusion

Evaluating basketball player’s rotation line-ups performance via statistical markov chain modelling

2021 ◽  
pp. 174795412110090
Author(s):  
Pavlos Kolias ◽  
Nikolaos Stavropoulos ◽  
Alexandra Papadopoulou ◽  
Theodoros Kostakidis
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chain ◽  
Markov Chain Model ◽  
Specific Rotation ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Know How ◽  
Basketball Game ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Rotation Line ◽  
Rating Category

Coaches in basketball often need to know how specific rotation line-ups perform in either offense or defense and choose the most efficient formation, according to their specific needs. In this research, a sample of 1131 ball possession phases of Greek Basket League was utilized, in order to estimate the offensive and defensive performance of each formation. Offensive and defensive ratings for each formation were calculated as a function of points scored or received, respectively, over possessions, where possessions were estimated using a multiple regression model. Furthermore, a Markov chain model was implemented to estimate the probabilities of the associated formation’s performance in the long run. The model could allow us to distinguish between overperforming and underperforming formations and revealed the probabilities over the evolution of the game, for each formation to be in a specific rating category. The results indicated that the most dominant formation, in terms of offense, is Point Guard-Point Guard-Small Forward-Power Forward-Center, while defensively schema Point Guard-Shooting Guard-Small Forward-Center-Center had the highest rating. Such results provide information, which could operate as a supplementary tool for the coach’s decisions, related to which rotation line-up patterns are mostly suitable during a basketball game.

Open Door System and Endogenous Growth in Indian Economy: An Empirical Analysis on the Role of Human Capital and R&D in Explaining Industrial Productivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-37
Author(s):  
Arjun K. ◽  
Sanjay Kumar ◽  
A. Sankaran ◽  
Mousumi Das
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Real Exchange Rate ◽  
Endogenous Growth ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
Knowledge Capital ◽  
Test Technique ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Impact

The present study investigates the impact of human capital, knowledge capital which is a function of human capital, and real exchange rate scenario in explaining long-run industrial total factor productivity (TFP) from 1980 to 2015 on the theoretical basis of the open endogenous growth model. The variables employed in the contemporary study include manufacturing value added (MNVA) as industrial output measure, gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) as a measure of capital and labour input which is measured using employment data. Gross enrolment ratio (GER) is taken as a measure for human capital formation, expenditure on research and development (R&D) as a proxy for knowledge capital, and real exchange rate indicates global economic shocks. The study involves estimating TFP for Industrial Sector during the post-liberalization period by employing Cobb-Douglas production function. The ARDL bounds test technique for cointegration revealed long-run relation among the varying factors studied. The Toda-Yamamoto causality test concluded bi-directional causality running between, R&D expenditure and Industrial TFP which sends a strong signal to the policymakers for a well-framed long-term integrated approach for human & knowledge capital formation which will act as a strong impetus for manufacturing firms to come up in terms of augmenting production and productivity and expanding foreign market horizon. JEL Classification: D24, E2, J24

Transfer of Technology to Nigeria and the Patents and Designs Act 1970

1981 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-93
Author(s):  
S. K. Date-Bah
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Transfer Process ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Patent System ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Commercial Exploitation ◽  
Know How ◽  
Technology Transfer Process ◽  
Transfer Of Technology

The patent system has been claimed to be one of the ways of facilitating the transfer of technology from the industrialised North to the less developed countries of the South. It is by no means the only way in which this can be done. For one thing, not all technology is patented. Also, quite often before a patented process can be successfully worked there is need for the transfer of unpatented know-how along with the technology covered by the patent. Besides, it is not the patent itself which enables the transfer of the technology; rather, by making the title and exclusive rights of the patentee secure, it emboldens him to transfer his technology to others for commercial exploitation. Nevertheless, the patent is an important factor in the technology transfer process. As one United Nations report has put it:

Human capital accumulation, income distribution, and economic growth: a demand-led analytical framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-336
Author(s):  
Gilberto Tadeu Lima ◽  
Laura Carvalho ◽  
Gustavo Pereira Serra
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Output Growth ◽  
Human Capital Accumulation ◽  
Capital Utilization ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Long Run Equilibrium

This paper incorporates human capital accumulation through provision of universal public education by a balanced-budget government to a demand-driven analytical framework of functional distribution and growth of income. Human capital accumulation positively impacts on workers’ productivity in production and their bargaining power in wage negotiations. In the long-run equilibrium, a rise in the tax rate (which also denotes the share of output spent in human capital formation) lowers the pre- and after-tax wage share and physical capital utilization, and thus raises (lowers) the output growth rate when the latter is profit-led (wage-led). The impact of a higher tax rate on the employment rate (which also measures human capital utilization) in the long-run equilibrium is negative (ambiguous) when output growth is wage-led (profit-led). In any case, the supply of higher-skilled workers does not automatically create its own demand.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document