scholarly journals Labour force dynamics and the obesity gap in female unemployment in Finland

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
Juho Härkönen
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Search Behaviour ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Force Dynamics ◽  
Employer Discrimination ◽  
The Difference

In this paper we analyse the obesity gap in female unemployment in Finland. A growing body of research has documented that women suffer from obesity penalties in the labour market, whereas men do not. In this paper, we focus on the link between obesity and female unemployment. Since the obesity gap in unemployment may be due to both worker and employer behaviour, our approach provides an interesting test case for analysing various hypotheses put forward to explain the obesity gap in labour market rewards. With data from the Finnish component of the European Community Household Panel, we start by decomposing the obesity gap in unemployment rates to transitions between labour market statuses. The results show that the difference in transitions from unemployment to employment is the most important component of the difference in unemployment rates. We further analyse this transition by performing event-history analyses of the transitions from unemployment to employment and by looking into the job search behaviour of obese versus non-obese women. The obesity gap in transitions from unemployment to employment remains after controlling for human capital and demographic features. Neither do obese women differ from their non-obese peers in job search behaviour. We conclude that employer discrimination is an important explanation of the obesity gap in female unemployment.

scholarly journals Why do Young People Give up Their Job Search?

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Ylistö
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Individual Choice ◽  
Search Behaviour ◽  
Job Seeking ◽  
Labour Market Position ◽  
Unemployed Youth

The decision to search or not to search for work is usually considered a purely individual choice. However, this is a simplistic view, which ignores important structural and situational aspects of job search behaviour. This article discusses the reasons why long-term unemployed youth in Finland give up their search for work or a student place. The data comprise 28 life course interviews that were analysed by means of content analysis. The data show that young people’s job seeking behaviour is greatly influenced by how they view their labour market position and prospects. Job search abandonment is often temporary and young people soon resume their search because of the expectations of the society around them and their willingness to find work. The young people interviewed provided rational, emotional and life value reasons for their decision to suspend their job search. The article offers a deeper understanding of youths’ job search behaviour.

scholarly journals The Informational Value of Job-Search Data and the Dynamics of Search Behaviour

2002 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Micklewright ◽  
Gyula Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Job Search ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Market Analysis ◽  
Search Behaviour ◽  
Search Data ◽  
Behaviour Changes ◽  
Job Finding ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Informational Value

Labour-market analysis places much emphasis on the concept of search. But there is insufficient empirical information on (a) the relationship between reported job-search and job-finding and (b) how search behaviour changes over a spell without work. We investigate these issues using a sample constructed from Hungarian labour-force survey panel data of the flow from jobs to the state of “joblessness”. The results on job exits call into question aspects of the standard international classification of “unemployment”and being “out of the labour force”. Transitions during joblessness in and out of search and among the various categories of non-search are found to be only modest.

Labour market flexibility and spatial mobility

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 746-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul Eamets ◽  
Krista Jaakson
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Occupational Mobility ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Spatial Mobility ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Labour Market Flexibility

Purpose – Recent economic recession has highlighted the role of labour market flexibility as a key factor of competitiveness of a country. Despite the fact that labour mobility can essentially be seen as part of labour market flexibility, there is notable research gap concerning spatial mobility and other facets of labour market flexibility. The purpose of this special issue is to fill these gaps. Design/methodology/approach – The papers in the special issue represent various quantitative methods and databases, whereas mainly micro data (workplace, labour force or immigrant surveys, job search portal, etc.) is used. However, the type of labour market flexibility addressed is both micro- and macro-level. Findings – It is demonstrated that labour occupational mobility is determined by the business cycle, numerical flexibility, occupational categories, and sector. Spatial mobility may have counterintuitive effects on individual occupational mobility depending on gender and it is related to various flexibilities in the workplace. It is also suggested that different types of flexibilities on a firm level are interdependent of each other. Originality/value – The special issue adds to the labour market related knowledge by integrating labour market flexibility and mobility. Individually, both phenomena have been studied before, but not much research is devoted to their inter-linkages. The special issue also contributes by examining labour market flexibility and spatial mobility in the context of different countries, economic cycles, and institutional settings.

Indigenous Job Search Behaviour

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Gray ◽  
Boyd Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Indigenous Australians ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Search Methods ◽  
Search Behaviour ◽  
Source Of Information

There have been a number of labour market programs that have attempted to increase rates of employment of Indigenous Australians by influencing job search behaviour. This paper provides the first ever baseline of data on the job search behaviour of Indigenous job seekers and how it compares to the job search of non-Indigenous job seekers. Clear differences between the job search behaviours of Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians are apparent. Indigenous Australians rely disproportionately on friends and relatives as a source of information about jobs, although their networks tend to have less employed members, and therefore are less effective than non-Indigenous networks in securing employment. Non-Indigenous job seekers are also more likely to use more proactive search methods than are Indigenous job seekers.

Job Finding in Australia

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Athanasou
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Australian Bureau ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Job Seeking ◽  
Informal Labour ◽  
Australian Bureau Of Statistics ◽  
Job Finding

Although studies of the labour market have concentrated on employment and unemployment, there have been few Australian studies of job-search experiences. This report documents the methods used by people to obtain jobs in 1982, 1986 and 1990. It considers the proposition that informal job-seeking methods are more likely to lead to employment and that most jobs are obtained without prior knowledge of the vacancy. The data for this report were derived from the Australian Bureau of Statistics monthly labour force survey of households (published and unpublished data) in 1982, 1986 and 1990. Around 1.8 million individuals had started in a new job and at least 35 per cent of jobs resulted from approaches made without prior knowledge that the job was available. Friends and relatives accounted for some 17 per cent of placements and in 25 per cent of cases, the employer approached the job seeker, bringing the proportion of informal methods to at least 77 per cent. Results confirm the views of experienced career counsellors that there is a large and informal labour market.

scholarly journals National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Poland

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Labour Market Situation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Market Situation ◽  
The Difference

The report outlines the evolution of the labour market situation of young people in Poland between 2009 and 2019. Particular attention was paid to describe how the situation has changed across different age subgroups and degree of urbanization. The analysis includes descriptive statistics of the selected labour market indicators (employment and unem-ployment rate, NEET rate) along with educational and population data extracted from the Eurostat public datasets. The report shows that youth population in Poland has been declining over the past decade, especially in cities and rural areas. Labour market situation of young Poles worsened in the aftermath of financial and economic crisis. Since 2013 is has improved considerably. In 2019,the unemployment rate was below the pre-recession level and the lowest since the political and economic transformation. The pattern of labour market situation evolution was similar across all age subgroups and degrees of urbanisation, although those from the younger sub-groups were more vulnerable to economic fluctuations. In 2019, the difference between rural and urban areas in the unemployment level was minor. The employment rate and the NEET rate, however, was clearly higher in cities which suggests that many of those living in towns and rural areas remain outside the labour force. The level of school dropouts among youth is one of the lowest in the EU and has been relatively stable over the past decade. It is slightly higher in towns and rural areas than in cities, but the difference is not significant.

scholarly journals Ethnic Penalties and Hiring Discrimination: Comparing Results from Observational Studies with Field Experiments in the UK

Sociology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 003803852096694
Author(s):  
Wouter Zwysen ◽  
Valentina Di Stasio ◽  
Anthony Heath
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Search Behaviour ◽  
Hiring Discrimination ◽  
The Uk

Ethnic minorities fare less well on average in the labour market than their white British counterparts. Experimental research shows that employers discriminate against ethnic minority applicants while hiring, but it is impossible to say from these studies how much of minorities’ overall disadvantage – which reflects compositional differences and search behaviour as well as hiring – is due to discrimination. This article connects results from two UK-based field experiments with ethnic penalties estimated from comparable samples of the UK Labour Force Survey and Understanding Society to show the relation between hiring discrimination and labour market penalties, for several ethnic minority groups. Higher hiring discrimination is indeed associated with worse ethnic employment penalties, but similarly discriminated against groups do not necessarily face the same ethnic penalties. We provide a discussion of possible reasons for this variation. Our research points to socio-economic resources and supply-side differences among ethnic groups as plausible explanations.

scholarly journals Separating aggregate discouraged and added worker effects: the case of a former transition country

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 729-760
Author(s):  
Emilio Congregado ◽  
Ewa Gałecka-Burdziak ◽  
Antonio A. Golpe ◽  
Robert Pater
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Search Time ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Labour Force Participation Rate ◽  
Underlying Assumption ◽  
Unobserved Component Model

Research background: We analyse the added worker effect (AWE) and the discouraged worker effect (DWE) from an aggregate perspective. The first effect refers to an increase in labour force participation in response to a decrease in the wage rate. The second effect refers to the decision by workers who have been unsuccessful in their job search to leave the labour market or to decrease their labour force participation. For our analysis, we use the case of Poland, a country with a persistently low labour force participation rate. Purpose of the article: While previous studies focused on the net of the two effects, we aim to analyse the two effects both separately and simultaneously. We propose a new approach for analysing the two effects. We generalise and model them as resulting from different shocks: (i) the AWE as the result of a negative wage income shock, and (ii) the DWE as the result of a positive job search time shock. The underlying assumption is that both shocks have at least a transitory effect on the labour force participation rate. However, we also track the potential long-lasting effects of these shocks, and we analyse the reactions of gender and age groups to them. While this approach demonstrates the robustness of our results, it also provides the range of the sensitivity, as it shows that there are large differences in the magnitude of the AWE and the DWE for different labour market cohorts. Methods: We use the multivariate unobserved component model to extract the AWE and the DWE, and we then use VAR models, applying sign and exclusion restrictions to model the underlying shocks. We use quarterly data for Poland in 1995?2019. Most of these data come from the Labour Force Survey, while the rest come from Statistics Poland. Findings & value added: In contrast to previous literature, which analysed only the net effect of the two effects, we model the AWE and the DWE separately. Contrary to the findings of previous research, our approach seems to confirm that both effects are simultaneously present in the labour market, and both effects influence the labour force participation rate. Thus, we find that both effects are significant. Specifically, we show that the AWE is stronger, but transitory; while the DWE is weaker, but long-lasting.

scholarly journals THE ASSESSMENT OF UNDERUTILIZATION OF LABOUR FORCE IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION REGIONS

Federalism ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 24-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Sibirskaya ◽  
L. A. Mikheykina
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Employment Policy ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Gradual Introduction ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Integration Problems

During recent years the changes, occurring in the sphere of employment policy in the labour markets, as well as gradual introduction into practice of various countries of gathering information in the context of labour activity forms resulted in the need of the revision of earlier adopted international standards. It’s connected with the fact that in normative documents is presented the definition of unemployment without the criterion of «job search»; were adopted new indicators for the measurement of potential labour force, incomplete employment and underutilization of labour force. In article analyses the situation of underutilization of labour force since it’s important for the characteristic of the region in the context of the unsatisfied need in employment. The information, offered in the paper, can be used for the wider monitoring of labour market, for the researches of volume and trends in the sphere of unemployment, for the assessment of integration problems at the labour market and the interaction between employment and poverty, for forecasting of trends of regions’ socio-economic development.

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