Effect of Different Growing Stages of Winter Cereal Crops on the Quality of Silage Materials and Silages

The objective of this study was to evaluate the aroma profile, microbial and chemical quality of winter cereals (triticale, oats, barley and wheat) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam., IRG) plus winter cereal mixture silages detected with an electronic nose. Four commercial mixtures (mixture A (40% of two cultivars of winter triticale + 30% of two cultivars of winter oats + 20% of winter barley + 10% of winter wheat), mixture B (50% of two cultivars of winter triticale + 40% of winter barley + 10% of winter wheat), mixture C (55% of three types of Italian ryegrass + 45% of two cultivars of winter oat), mixture D (40% of three types of Italian ryegrass + 30% of two cultivars of winter oat + 15% of two cultivars of winter triticale + 10% of winter barley + 5% of winter wheat)) were harvested, wilted and ensiled in laboratory-scale silos (n = 80) without additives. Both the principal component analysis (PCA) score plot for aroma profile and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) classification revealed that mixture D had different aroma profile than other mixture silages. The difference was caused by the presence of high ethanol and LA in mixture D. Ethyl esters such as ethyl 3-methyl pentanoate, 2-methylpropanal, ethyl acetate, isoamyl acetate and ethyl-3-methylthiopropanoate were found at different retention indices in mixture D silage. The low LA and higher mold and yeast count in mixture C silage caused off odour due to the presence of 3-methylbutanoic acid, a simple alcohol with unpleasant camphor-like odor. At the end of 90 days fermentation winter cereal mixture silages (mixture A and B) had similar aroma pattern, and mixture C was also similar to winter cereal silages. However, mixture D had different aromatic pattern than other ensiled mixtures. Mixture C had higher (p < 0.05) mold and yeast (Log10 CFU (colony forming unit)/g) counts compared to mixture B. Mixture B and C had higher acetic acid (AA) content than mixture A and D. The lactic acid (LA) content was higher for mixture B than mixture C. In general, the electronic nose (EN) results revealed that the Italian ryegrass and winter cereal mixtures (mixture D) had better aroma profile as compared to winter cereal mixtures (mixture A and B). However, the cereal mixtures (mixture A and B) had better aroma quality than mixture C silage. Otherwise, the EN technology is suitable in finding off odor compounds of ensiled forages.

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ASSESSMENT OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE MAIN CLIMATIC FACTORS ON THE YIELD OF WINTER CEREAL CROPS ON THE TERRITORY OF BELARUS FOR FORECASTING PURPOSES

Nature Management ◽

10.47612/2079-3928-2021-1-41-48 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 41-48

Author(s):

Halina A. Kamyshenka

Keyword(s):

Computational Models ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Yield Variability ◽

Cereal Crops ◽

Winter Rye ◽

Statistical Assessment ◽

Winter Cereal ◽

Temperature And Precipitation

The results of a statistical assessment of the influence of changing weather and climatic conditions of the territory of Belarus on the productivity of the main winter cereal crops are presented in order to build computational models of productivity. The calculations were made with respect to the climatic component as a predictor, taking into account the deviations of air temperature and precipitation from the long-term climatic norm of months that have the most significant effect on the yield of the studied crops. For winter rye and wheat, adequate models of yield variability have been built. The research results are relevant for solving forecasting problems.

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Survey of Barley yellow dwarf virus incidence in winter cereal crops, and assessment of wheat and barley resistance to the virus

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp16167 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 67 (10) ◽

pp. 1054 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Eva Beoni ◽

Jana Chrpová ◽

Jana Jarošová ◽

Jiban Kumar Kundu

Keyword(s):

Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽

Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

Yellow Dwarf ◽

Dwarf Virus ◽

Cereal Crops ◽

Winter Cereal ◽

Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Yellow Dwarf Virus

A survey of Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) incidence in cereal crops in the Czech Republic over 4 years showed, on average, 13.3% BYDV-positive, randomly tested wheat and barley samples. The cultivated wheat and barley cultivars had different levels of susceptibility to BYDV infection. Field trials were performed with different barley and wheat breeding lines and cultivars, and resistance traits were evaluated after artificial inculcation by the viruliferous aphid vector Rhopalosiphum padi L. with BYDV-PAV. Our results showed high variability of visual symptom score (VSS) and reduction in grain weight per spike (GWS-R) in trials within the tested lines and cultivars. The barley line (WBON 96-123) and cultivars (Wysor, Travira) that contained RYd2 differed significantly from other cultivars in VSS. Line WBON 96-123 and cvv. Wysor and Yatzi showed the lowest GWS-R. Wheat line PSR 3628 and cvv. Altigo, Elan, Sparta, Aladin and Hewit showed significant difference from other cultivars in VSS. PSR 3628, Sparta, and Elan showed the lowest GWS-R. Similar results were obtained from BYDV titre analysis by RT-qPCR corresponding to the VSS and GWS-R traits. A low virus titre corresponded to low VSS and GWS-R. Hence, our results suggest that laborious and time-consuming GWS-R analysis could be replaced in some cases by qPCR-based BYDV titre analysis and, together with VSS evaluation, could enhance the efficiency of resistance assessment.

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Adverse Effect of Drought on Quality of Major Cereal Crops: Implications and Their Possible Mitigation Strategies

Agronomic Crops ◽

10.1007/978-981-15-0025-1_31 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 635-658

Author(s):

Ayman EL Sabagh ◽

Akbar Hossain ◽

Celaleddin Barutçular ◽

Mohammad Sohidul Islam ◽

Zahoor Ahmad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adverse Effect ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Cereal Crops

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Productivity and Quality of Cereal Crops Grown on Sludge-Treated Soils

Processing and Use of Organic Sludge and Liquid Agricultural Wastes ◽

10.1007/978-94-009-4756-6_34 ◽

1986 ◽

pp. 436-440 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. Consiglio ◽

R. Barberis ◽

G. Piccone ◽

G. De Luca ◽

A. Trombetta

Keyword(s):

Cereal Crops

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Increase of seeding material quality of agrarian crops by the pneumatic electric separator

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/201913201016 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 132 ◽

pp. 01016

Author(s):

Urszula Malaga-Toboła ◽

Stepan Kovalyshyn ◽

Viktor Dadak ◽

Ivan Horodetskyy

Keyword(s):

Cereal Crops ◽

Force Action ◽

Separation Channel ◽

Operating Modes ◽

Small Seed ◽

Pneumatic Separation ◽

Seeding Material ◽

High Quality Seed ◽

Seed Crops

A detailed analysis of technical means and methods of seeds separation, as well as the research results of domestic and foreign authors, have proved that one of the perspective methods for getting of high quality seed material is the pneumatic and electric separation.The analysis of research works and the modern technical level of pneumatic separators showed that insufficient attention was paid to the study of aerodynamic separation of small-seed crops, especially, cereal grasses. By the conditions of separation in a vertical pneumatic channel the cereal crops change the area of the midlength section as to the air flow forces, and the probability was increased of getting of seeds with germs to a biologically defective seed without germs. To increase the quality of pneumatic separation one can by the selective orientation of seeds in mixture with longer axis perpendicularly to the flow of air. It is possible to achieve these conditions by the additional force action on seeds (as particles). The response of this force action could be different for a healthy seeds (with germs) and for a non-viable (without embryo) or a weed seed. Such a force effect on the particles of small-seed crop mixtures can be realized by creating of a homogeneous electric field in a separation channel. This requires a theoretical and experimental study of force action on particles during the process of separation, also justification of parameters and operating modes of the pneumatic electric separator. This study is the preconditions for design improvement of the pneumatic electric separator.

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Measurement of gaseous emissions from denitrification of applied N-15 .3. Field-measurements

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr9950101 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 101 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

UK Avalakki ◽

WM Strong ◽

PG Saffigna

Keyword(s):

Mass Balance ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Field Measurements ◽

Cereal Crops ◽

Gaseous Emissions ◽

Gas Emission ◽

Winter Cereal ◽

Autumn And Winter ◽

Balance Loss ◽

Peak Emission

Field experiments were conducted during autumn and winter (April-July) at four locations on Vertisol or Alfisol soils on the Darling Downs of Queensland in 1988 and 1989 to determine 15N losses when soil was saturated after applications of 15N labelled nitrate-N prior to sowing winter cereal crops. Losses of applied 15N were quantified by either gas emission or mass balance measurements on microplots (0.043 m2) confined laterally to a depth of 110 or 260 mm. At each field location, two experiments were established, one on a soil containing little visible crop residue where winter cereal had been harvested the previous November and another site containing residues of a recently harvested sorghum crop. Because shallow (110 mm) confinement was found to be unsatisfactory for both gas emission and mass balance measurement of 15N losses, comparison of the two methods was not applicable at one of the four field locations. Loss estimates for the six field sites by accumulating daily gas emissions averaged 80.7 � 33.4% (range 43-132%) of that estimated by mass balance. Loss estimates from peak emission measurements were generally closer to that estimated by mass balance 100.8� 39.9% (range 56-169%). Loss of applied 15N (40 kg N ha-1) when soils were saturated in April was several-fold more (19-29 kg N ha-1)) than that lost when soils were saturated in July (3.9-6.4 kg N ha-1)). Loss of 15N following saturation during July 1988 was similar in magnitude to the quantity of 15N apparently immobilized into soil organic forms (5.8-6.0 kg N ha-1)). Sorghum residues returned in March, or wheat straw added in December prior to a long period of dry weather, promoted loss of 15N applied prior to soil saturation in April or July. Alternatively, where residues of a previous winter cereal had decomposed considerably, loss of applied 15N was much lower than where sorghum residues had been added prior to saturations in April (15.3 cf. 28.6 kg N ha-1)) or July (3.9 cf. 6.4 kg N ha-1)).

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Pink snow mold in winter cereal crops in Belarus and in the South of Russia

BIO Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/bioconf/20202100006 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

pp. 00006

Author(s):

Alexander Zhukovskiy ◽

Natalia Krupenko ◽

Yana Yakhnik ◽

Olga Tarancheva ◽

Galina Volkova

Keyword(s):

Weather Conditions ◽

Cereal Crops ◽

Disease Development ◽

The South ◽

Snow Mold ◽

Winter Cereal ◽

Krasnodar Krai ◽

Spring Period ◽

Southern Russia ◽

The Republic

The article presents an analysis of the distribution and development of pink snow mold (pathogen Microdochium nivale (Fr.) Samuels & I.C. Hallett) on winter cereal crops in the Republic of Belarus and in the South of Russia. Pink snow mold is currently one of the most harmful diseases of winter cereal crops, as it can cause damage not only to various parts of the plants, but also lead to their complete death. The intensity of the disease development mainly depends on weather conditions in the autumn-spring period, namely, on the duration of snow cover, its height and the rate of melting in spring. We determined the dependence of the disease development progress on agroclimatic conditions. There is a description of weather conditions in combination with a gradation of the disease development level in the Republic of Belarus and in Krasnodar Krai (southern Russia) during the epiphytotic and depressive years of the pink snow mold development. The article provides a retrospective analysis of the crops infected with pink snow mold and the treated cereal crops in southern Russia in 2011 -2019.

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