scholarly journals Increase of seeding material quality of agrarian crops by the pneumatic electric separator

2019 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 01016
Author(s):  
Urszula Malaga-Toboła ◽  
Stepan Kovalyshyn ◽  
Viktor Dadak ◽  
Ivan Horodetskyy

A detailed analysis of technical means and methods of seeds separation, as well as the research results of domestic and foreign authors, have proved that one of the perspective methods for getting of high quality seed material is the pneumatic and electric separation.The analysis of research works and the modern technical level of pneumatic separators showed that insufficient attention was paid to the study of aerodynamic separation of small-seed crops, especially, cereal grasses. By the conditions of separation in a vertical pneumatic channel the cereal crops change the area of the midlength section as to the air flow forces, and the probability was increased of getting of seeds with germs to a biologically defective seed without germs. To increase the quality of pneumatic separation one can by the selective orientation of seeds in mixture with longer axis perpendicularly to the flow of air. It is possible to achieve these conditions by the additional force action on seeds (as particles). The response of this force action could be different for a healthy seeds (with germs) and for a non-viable (without embryo) or a weed seed. Such a force effect on the particles of small-seed crop mixtures can be realized by creating of a homogeneous electric field in a separation channel. This requires a theoretical and experimental study of force action on particles during the process of separation, also justification of parameters and operating modes of the pneumatic electric separator. This study is the preconditions for design improvement of the pneumatic electric separator.

Author(s):  
В.А. ОВЧИННИКОВ ◽  
М.Н. ЧАТКИН

Мелкосеменные культуры, такие как люцерна, клевер, рапс являются прекрасными кормовыми культурами и предшественниками для сельскохозяйственного производства. Нельзя забывать и о том, что из семян некоторых мелкосеменных культур производят альтернативные виды топлива, что весьма актуально при снижении мировых запасов углеводородов. Одним из таких видов топлива является рапсовое масло, выход которого из семян рапса достигает 38 - 40 %. Кроме того, данный вид масла широко применяется в металлургической, лакокрасочной, текстильной и пищевой промышленности (по вкусовым и пищевым достоинствам приравнивается к подсолнечному и соевому маслам). Из вышеизложенного следует, что возделывание мелкосеменных культур является одной из приоритетных задач агропромышленного комплекса страны. Наиболее значимой и технологически сложной для выполнения операцией при возделывании мелкосеменных культур является посев. Во время посева осуществляется несколько технологических процессов, включающих дозирование семян, формирование бороздки, укладку в нее семян с последующей заделкой. Качественное выполнение дозирования семенного материала обеспечивает повышение полевой всхожести семян и оптимальное размещение растений по площади питания. Наряду с повышением равномерности распределения семян особое внимание при посеве мелкосеменных культур, в связи с их малыми размерами, уделяется травмированию и повреждению семенного материала. Травмирование семян наносит значительные убытки, так как урожайность травмированных семян снижается. Проведенный анализ работ отечественных и зарубежных исследователей показал, что рабочие органы машин для посева мелкосеменных культур изучены недостаточно, а выпускаемые серийно сеялки, приспосабливаемые для этих целей, не в полной мере отвечают агротехническим требованиям. Установлено, что пересев семенного материала достигает 50 %, что весьма затратно при высокой стоимости семян некоторых мелкосеменных культур. Разработанные на кафедре мобильных энергетических средств и сельскохозяйственных машин МГУ им. Н.П. Огарева технические средства позволяют исключить данные недостатки. Кроме того, предложенный способ и технические средства позволяют повысить качество посева семенников мелкосеменных культур, что обеспечит повышение урожайности семян на 8,9-10 % при соблюдении заданных малых норм высева. Small-seeded crops such as alfalfa, clover, and rapeseed are excellent forage crops for agricultural production. We should not forget that alternative fuels are produced from the seeds of some small-seeded crops, which is very important when the world's hydrocarbon reserves are declining. One of these fuels is rapeseed oil, whose yield from rapeseed seeds reaches up to 38-40 %. In addition, this type of oil is widely used in the metallurgical, paint, textile and food industries (in terms of taste and nutritional advantages, it is equated to sunfl ower and soy oil). From the above, it follows that the cultivation of small-seed crops is a priority for the agro-industrial complex of the country. One of the most signifi cant and technologically complex operations for the cultivation of small-seeded crops is seeding. When sowing, several technological processes are carried out, including seed dosing, forming a furrow, placing seeds in it with subsequent sealing. High-quality performance of seed material dosing provides an increase in fi eld germination of seeds and optimal placement of plants on the feeding area. Along with increasing the uniformity of the distribution of seeds, special attention is paid to the injury of seed material when sowing small-seeded crops, due to their small size. Injury to seeds causes signifi cant losses, as the yield of injured seeds is reduced. The analysis of the work of domestic and foreign researchers has shown that the working bodies of machines for sowing small-seeded crops are not suffi ciently studied, and serially produced seeders that are adapted for these purposes do not fully meet the agrotechnical requirements. It has been found that the re-sowing of seed material reaches 50%, which is very expensive with the high cost of seeds of some small-seeded crops. The technical means developed at the Department of mobile power tools and agricultural machines of the Ogarev Mordovia State university allow us to eliminate these disadvantages. In addition, the proposed method and technical means allow to improve the quality of seed sowing of small-seeded crops, which will ensure an increase in seed yield by 8.9-10% and compliance with the specifi ed small seeding rates.


1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Siddique ◽  
G Somerset ◽  
PB Goodwin

Trials on the cultivars Canyon and Gallatin 50 in 1978 and Cascade in 1979 were run in North Queensland to examine ways of improving seed quality of snap beans. The trials concentrated on the maturation period, since this is a critical period for the development of seed quality. We found that seed quality was poor when the crop was cut at the stage when the leaves had fallen and all the pods were dry, or if the plants were cut at any stage and allowed to dry on the ground in single rows. This poor seed quality was associated with high pod temperatures during seed maturation. Cutting the crop before leaf fall, at a seed moisture content close to 50% (20-40% of pods dry) and windrowing immediately in 5 or 10 rows to 1 windrow gave low pod temperatures during seed maturation and high seed quality. Seed harvested and threshed directly off the crop was of good quality provided the seed moisture content in the crop had fallen to less than 25%.


2020 ◽  
pp. 635-658
Author(s):  
Ayman EL Sabagh ◽  
Akbar Hossain ◽  
Celaleddin Barutçular ◽  
Mohammad Sohidul Islam ◽  
Zahoor Ahmad ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
M. Consiglio ◽  
R. Barberis ◽  
G. Piccone ◽  
G. De Luca ◽  
A. Trombetta
Keyword(s):  

2019 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 04003
Author(s):  
Armeev Denis ◽  
Chuvashev Roman

In the modern electric grid, there is an active penetration of distributed renewable energy sources and energy storage systems, which often require connection by means of electronic converter. Energy sources connected in the grid by means of electronic converter or inverter has large different parameters and operating modes compared to the generation of a traditional one. That leads to a different behavior of such sources in the network. With a large penetration of this kind of generation in the electrical grid, there is a need to revise the principles and methods of design and operation of both inverters and power systems. Otherwise there may be conditions in which it becomes impossible to ensure sustainable power supply and quality of power that satisfy the technical requirements. The goal of the paper is to study the operations of electricity sources connected in the power grid by means of inverter, analyzing the static stability of objects of this kind, as well as studying the possibility of creating algorithms that can successfully adapt such generation objects into a single power system.


2019 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
pp. 00010
Author(s):  
Ivan Sharonov ◽  
Vladimir Kurdyumov ◽  
Viktor Kurushin

Developed by eccentric tillage rink, which ensures the desired quality of the soil and increase the yield of crops. As a result of theoretical studies, an expression for determining the dynamic force that increases the intensity of crumbling soil lumps, depending on the regime parameters of the rink. In addition, the relationship between the power required when driving the rink, its parameters. The factors influencing the process of tillage by the developed roller are determined. As a criterion of optimization, the adopted coefficient of compliance with for the density soil of benchmark, which characterizes the quality of soil rolling from the position of compliance of soil density with agrotechnical requirements. As a result of experimental studies, the parameters and operating modes of the roller are optimized, at which the required quality of soil treatment is achieved.


2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 247-255
Author(s):  
A. Ya. Eremin ◽  
Ya. B. Kukolev ◽  
R. R. Gilyazetdinov ◽  
L. A. Makhortova ◽  
Yu. B. Stepanov ◽  
...  

1984 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-255
Author(s):  
B. Singh ◽  
B. S. Badhoria

Green gram is one of the most important kharif pulse crops of India. It is of short duration, can fit well in crop rotation and, therefore, can be grown throughout the year. Information has been accumulating concerning the role of potassium and zinc in cereal crops but very little information is available regarding the nutrition of potassium and its interaction with zinc on the yield and quality of pulses. However, Malewar, Budhewar & Jadhav (1980) and Ghildiyal, Saini & Sirohi (1975) have reported significant positive effect of zinc treatment on growth attributes in green gram. The present investigations were, therefore, planned to study individual and interaction effects of potassium and zinc on growth, dry-matter and grain yield and quality of green gram.


Author(s):  
Є. Я. Прасолов ◽  
С. А. Бєловол ◽  
Б. С. Черненко ◽  
А. В. Ужищенко ◽  
А. В. Шеметюк

Представлено результати розробки безприводного ротаційного органу адаптера до сівалки просапних культур. Проведено аналіз робочих органів ґрунтообробних машин; обґрунтовано ґрунтообробний адаптер; визначено кути афронтальності й нахилу дискового  органу; проведено порівняльну оцінку показників твердості ґрунту; визначено раціональні параметри і режими роботи робочого органу; визначено фракційний склад ґрунту та розпушення робочим органом; проведено  дослідження з визначення раціонального кута φ робочого органу; встановлено поздовжній профіль насіннєвого ложа; виконано співвідношення ширини і глибини обробленої смуги; визначено коефіцієнти к1 і к2  у формулі тягового опору безприводного ротаційного органу. Для  підвищення якості передпосівного обробітку ґрунту запропоновано адаптер із безприводним ротаційним органом до сівалок, який складається з поперечної балки рами, на якій розташовані секції безприводного ротаційного органу. Для копіювання профілю поля кожна секція забезпечена паралелограмною підвіскою і підпружиненою штангою. Крім поперечної балки  рама адаптера складається з двох автозчіпок, які слугують для агрегатування з трактором, а автозчеплення з сівалкою, пов'язаних між собою поздовжніми балками.  Проведено випробування результатів науково-дослідної роботи, яким підтверджено ефективність та доцільність для використання у господарстві ПП Агрофірма «Анастасія» Глобинського району Полтавської області. The article presents the results of the development of a non-rotating rotational organ of the soil-working adapter to a seed drill of cultivating crops. The analysis of working bodies of soil-working machines was carried out; the constructive-technological scheme of the soil-working adapter is substantiated; defined angles of inclination and inclination of the disc body; comparative estimation of soil hardness indexes; defined rational parameters and operating modes of the working body; determined fractional composition of soil and loosening by the working body;  researches have been conducted to determine the rational angle φ of the working organ; the longitudinal profile of the seed bed is established; the ratio of the width and depth of the treated strip is executed; the coefficients k1 and k2 in the formula of the traction resistance of the non-driven rotational body are determined. To improve the quality of pre-sowing soil cultivation, an adapter with a rotary rotary device to the seeders is proposed. It consists of a transverse beam of a frame, on which, with the help of brackets, there are sections of a non-rotating rotary body. To improve the quality of pre-sowing soil cultivation, an adapter with a rotary device to the seeders is offered. It consists of a transverse beam of a frame, on which, with the help of brackets, there are sections of a non-rotating rotary body. To copy the field profile, each section is provided with a parallelogram suspension and a spring-loaded rod. In addition to the transverse beam of the adapter frame consists of two auto-scraps, which serve for aggregating with the tractor, and auto-coupling with a drill, connected by a longitudinal beam. The testing of research results has been carried out, which confirms the efficiency and expediency for use in the farm of the PP agricultural firm «Anastasia» in Globyno district, Poltava region.


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