Herzfrequenz, Aktivitäts- und Ruhezeiten sowie Wachstumsleistung von in Gruppen mit Tränkeautomatenfütterung gehaltenen Milchrindkälbern während der Aufzucht im Winter und Frühjahr

Abstract. Title of the paper: Heart rate, activity and resting times and growth in group reared feeder-fed dairy calves reared at transition from winter to spring To characterize the food entrainable oscillator and/or light entrainable oscillator determined rhythmicity of physiological variables of feeder-fed dairy calves reared at transition from winter to spring (35 German Holstein Friesian, 2 German Red Pied, 17 male and 20 female) long term heart rate recordings were taken at 5 , 15, 40 and 60 days of age using Polar Sport Tester, from which the number and duration of activity (ZDA) and rest periods (ZDR) and the total activity (GZA) and rest times (GZR) could be established. For these periods characteristic heart rate values were calculated (HFA and HFR) and they were analysed for daytime periods of three hours duration at different life ages. HF of feeder-fed dairy calves showed substantial interindividual variation and a high individual specificity. Mean HFA and HFR were significantly smaller at 15 and 40 days then at 5 and 60 days of age. HFA and HFR showed a high correlation and the mean values of HFA and HFR were allways significantly different. More profound increases of HF (HFA-HFR) could be observed at feeding and service times. Individual level of HFA and HFR changed regularly with daytime, but mean values were significantly different between daytime periods only at some age points. Deviation of HFA and HFR from the mean of the individual daytime heart rate recording followed a circadian rhythm that became more obvious with advanced development and adaptation of the animals in case of HFA and HFR. For the means of the deviations of HFA and HFR significant differences between the daytime periods could be found. The mean ZDA and the quotient GZA/GZR were greater at 40 and 60 days of age then at 5 and 15 days of age. ZDA and ZDR showed great variation and presented rhythmic changes during the course of the day. The means of ZDA and ZDR were significantly different between the daytime periods of three hours duration at the age points excluding that of ZDA for 15 days of age. Results show the establishment and the prevalence of a circadian rhythm of heart rate at the early growth period in feeder-fed dairy calves reared at transition from winter to spring and how this was superimposed by feeding activity around the programmed daytimes of feed access at the start of rearing.

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Effekte der Entwicklungsqualität auf die Herzfrequenz, die Aktivitäts- und Ruhezeiten und deren Rhythmizität sowie auf die Wachstumsleistung der Milchrindkälber während der Aufzucht in Gruppenhaltung mit Tränkeautomatenfütterung

Archives Animal Breeding ◽

10.5194/aab-45-523-2002 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 45 (6) ◽

pp. 523-534

Author(s):

M. Steinhardt ◽

H.-H. Thielscher

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Dairy Calves ◽

Hemoglobin Content ◽

Physiological Variables ◽

Holstein Friesian ◽

The Mean ◽

The Individual ◽

Advanced Development ◽

Heart Rate Recording

Abstract. Title of the paper: Effects of development quality on heart rate, activity and resting times and their diurnal rhythmicity and on growth of group housed feeder-fed dairy calves To characterize the rhythmicity of physiological variables in dairy calves of different developmental quality and fitness (groups by hemoglobin content of blood) at early gowth (71 German Holstein Friesian, 6 German Red Pied, 36 male and 41 female) long term heart rate recordings were taken at 5, 15, 40 and 60 days of age using Polar Sport Tester, from which the number and duration of activity (ZDA) and resting times (ZDR) and the total daily activity (GZA) and resting time (GZR) could be established. For these periods characteristic heart rate values were calculated (HFA and HFR) and they were analysed for daytime periods of three hours duration at different life ages. Mean HFA and HFR were significantly different between calves of group HbG1, HbG2 and HbG3 at 5 days and 15 days of age and ZDA was significantly different at 5 and 60 days of age. HF and the increase of HF (HFA-HFR) were significantly smaller at 15 days then at 5 days of age. Mean ZDA and GZA and ZDR were greater and the GZR was smaller at 40 and 60 days then at 5 and 15 days of age. Changes of the variables by 40 and 60 days of life took place with different degrees in calves of the three groups. Deviation of HFA and HFR from the mean of the individual daytime heart rate recording showed a rhythmicity that has been affected by feed access of the calves at the feed supply station. Means of ZDA and ZDR were significantly different between daytime periods of three hours duration at the age points. Results show effects of development quality on physiological variables of calves and on the rhythmicity of the variables and what changes occur with advanced development and adaptation of the animals.

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Effect of smoking on cardiovascular autonomic functions

International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research ◽

10.16965/ijpr.2021.101 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 3780-3784

Author(s):

P.Vani ◽

◽

Sharan B Singh M ◽

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Autonomic Function ◽

T Test ◽

Resting Heart Rate ◽

Autonomic Functions ◽

Mean Values ◽

Function Tests ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference

Introduction: Cigarette smoking is a prime risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Chronic smoking results in autonomic dysfunction leading to increased cardiovascular risk in smokers. The present study was planned to study the effect of smoking on the Cardiovascular Autonomic Functions among smokers. Materials and Methods: Fifty male subjects who were in the age group of 25 to 45 years. They were grouped into 25 smokers and 25 non-smokers. The participant subjects were selected among the staff members, residents and the patients from the routine OPD in SVIMS. Prior to study, they were informed about the procedure and the purpose of the study tests and written consents were obtained from them. The Cardiovascular Autonomic Function Tests were assessed by using a POLYGRAPH which was available in the department. Results and Conclusion: After applying the ‘t’-test for the difference between the two sample means, it was observed that there was a highly significant difference between the mean values of the BMI(i.e.p<0.01) and the para-sympathetic function tests among the smokers and the non – smokers(i.e.p<0.00). The Resting Heart Rate had significantly increased and the Deep breathing difference, the postural tachycardial index (Response to standing) and the Valsalva Ratio had significantly decreased in the smokers as compared to those in the non – smokers. After applying the ‘t’-test for the difference between the two sample means, it was observed that there was no significant difference between the mean values of the Postural hypotension test (i.e. p>0.05) and that there was a highly significant difference between the mean values of the Sustained handgrip test in the smokers and the non – smokers (i.e. p<0.00). KEY WORDS: Cardiovascular autonomic function tests, Smoking, Resting heart rate.

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BEHAVIORAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO SPATIAL NOVELTY IN DAIRY COWS

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas88-038 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

pp. 339-343 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

S. KONDO ◽

J. F. HURNIK

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Head Movement ◽

Agonistic Behavior ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Agonistic Interactions ◽

Mean Values ◽

Norepinephrine Concentration ◽

Spatial Novelty ◽

The Mean

Thirty-two lactating Holstein cows were used in a study of excitability and agonistic behavior of dairy cattle. When cattle were moved from a familiar stall to an unfamiliar place, heart rate immediately increased on average from 83.2 to 107.8 (P < 0.01). The total distance of head movement in a novel environment varied considerably. The animal with the greatest head movement had a distance 6.6 times larger than the cow with the least head movement. Significant deviation from the mean values of agonistic interactions were found for 28 cows: of these 10 showed tendencies for physical attacks (P < 0.05), 5 for threats (P < 0.05), 6 for displacement of physical attacks (P < 0.05), and 7 showed significant tendencies for avoidance when threatened (P < 0.05). Both the instigator and victim cows that showed a higher proportion of the psychological form of agonistic behavior also tended to show a larger amount of head movement with less variation, lower increase in heart rate, and less change in norepinephrine concentration due to transfer. The results indicate that analyses of head movement patterns may be used for an assessment of excitability of cows. Key words: Cow, behavior, spatial novelty, head movement, excitability, temperament

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Validation of a new algorithm for the short-term variation of the fetal heart rate: an antepartum prospective study

Journal of Perinatal Medicine ◽

10.1515/jpm-2017-0035 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (6) ◽

pp. 599-604 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Christina Kouskouti ◽

Hella Jonas ◽

Kerstin Regner ◽

Pia Ruisinger ◽

Julia Knabl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Reference Values ◽

Fetal Heart Rate ◽

Fetal Heart ◽

Normal Values ◽

Short Term ◽

Mean Values ◽

Relevant Reference ◽

Term Variation ◽

The Mean

Abstract Aims: Currently one of the most widespread systems for the computerized analysis of the fetal heart rate (FHR) is the Dawes-Redman system, where the short-term variation (STV) of the FHR is measured by dividing each minute into 16 segments (STV16). Technical progress has allowed for the development of a new algorithm, which measures the STV by dividing each minute into 240 segments (STV240), thus approximating the beat-to-beat variation. The STV240 still lacks reference values. Our aim was to develop clinically relevant reference values for the STV240 and compare them to the ones for the STV16. Methods: In a single centre, observational study, a total of 228 cardiotocograms were registered and subsequently analyzed with both algorithms (STV240 and STV16). Results: The 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated for both algorithms. The values of the STV240 were significantly lower in comparison to the ones of the STV16. Not only the mean values but also the 95th percentile of the STV240 lay beneath the existent cut-off value for the STV16. Conclusions: Every clinician using the new algorithm must be aware that the normal values for the STV240 lie beneath the, up until now, established cut-off values for the STV16.

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A Comparative Study Between Efficacy Of Esmolol And Lignocaine For Attenuating Haemodynamics Response Due To Laryngoscopy And Endotracheal Intubation

Faridpur Medical College Journal ◽

10.3329/fmcj.v5i1.6810 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 25-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M Begum ◽

P Akter ◽

MM Hossain ◽

SMA Alim ◽

UHS Khatun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Endotracheal Intubation ◽

Anaesthetic Management ◽

Management Plan ◽

Mean Blood Pressure ◽

Rate Pressure Product ◽

Plasma Norepinephrine ◽

Mean Values ◽

The Mean

Haemodynamic stability is an integral and essential goal of any anaesthetic management plan. Laryngoscopy and intubation can cause striking changes in haemodynamics. Increase in blood pressure and heart rate occurs most commonly from reflex sympathetic and vagal discharge in response to laryngotracheal stimulation, which in turn leads to increased plasma norepinephrine concentration. This study was designed to compare efficacy of esmolol and lignocaine for attenuating haemodynamics response due to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of Esmolol with that of Lignocaine to attenuate the detrimental rise in heart rate and blood pressure during laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. One hundred and twenty adult patients randomized into group-L and group-E, were received lignocaine 1.5 mg/kg and Esmolol 1.5 mg/kg I.V. respectively. Heart rate and blood pressure in each minutes for the 10 minutes after intubation was recorded. Time span around intubation up to 4 minutes has been looked specifically to isolate the effect of the study drugs at the time of intubation. For statistical analysis Student's 't' test was used for comparing means of quantitative data and chi-square test was used for qualitative data. Difference was considered statistically significant if p<0.05. The mean heart rate, systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure, and rate-pressure product before starting anesthesia were similar in group-L (Lignocaine group) and in group-E (Esmolol group) (p>0.05). The mean values of heart rate, systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure, and rate-pressure product at 2, 3 and 4 minutes after intubation were significantly lower in group-E than group-L (p<0.05). In conclusion, esmolol 1.5 mg/kg is superior to lignocaine (1.5 mg/kg) for attenuation of haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation. Key words: Haemodynamics; heart rate; intubation; esmolol; lignocaine DOI: 10.3329/fmcj.v5i1.6810Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2010;5(1):25-28

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The Circadian Rhythm of Copeptin, the C-Terminal Portion of Arginine Vasopressin

Journal of Biomarkers ◽

10.1155/2017/4737082 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Svetlana Beglinger ◽

Jürgen Drewe ◽

Mirjam Christ-Crain

Keyword(s):

Circadian Rhythm ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Prospective Observational Study ◽

Diagnostic Marker ◽

Early Morning ◽

Fasting Period ◽

Mean Values ◽

The Mean ◽

Salt Homeostasis ◽

Minor Extent

Background. Several studies have investigated copeptin as a prognostic marker of different acute diseases and as a diagnostic marker in disorders of water and salt homeostasis. However, no data of the normal circadian rhythm of copeptin in healthy subjects are available. Aim. To investigate the circadian rhythm of copeptin in healthy subjects under standardized conditions. Methods. 19 healthy volunteers aged 18 to 53 years, male and female, were studied in a prospective observational study. In all 19 participants, blood samples for copeptin were taken in regular intervals of 30 minutes for 24 hours after a fasting period of minimum 8 hours. Results. The mean values of copeptin showed a circadian rhythm, similar to that described for AVP release, with a trend towards higher levels (5.9±1 pmol/L) at night and early morning between 4 am and 6 am and lowest levels (2.3±0.2 pmol/L) in the late afternoon between 5 pm and 7 pm. This finding was only observed in individuals with initial higher copeptin levels, whereas in individuals with lower basal copeptin levels no circadian rhythm was observed. Conclusion. There is evidence for a circadian rhythm in copeptin release during 24 hours, however, of minor extent. These findings suggest that copeptin levels can be determined irrespectively of the time of the day.

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The effects of organic matter concentration on sediment reworking of Perinereis aibuhitensis : a mesocosm study

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-20817 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jaehwan Seo ◽

Bon Joo Koo

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Feeding Activity ◽

Transport Rate ◽

Benthic Organism ◽

Mean Values ◽

Sediment Reworking ◽

Pellet Production ◽

Organic Matter Concentration ◽

Perinereis Aibuhitensis ◽

The Mean

The organic matter (OM) concentration is one of the most important factors influencing benthic organism sediment reworking during bioturbation. This study was designed to evaluate differences in sediment reworking rate of Perinereis aibuhitensis based on quantification of its pellet production (PP) and OM transport rate from ambient sediment to the surface due to its feeding. The mesocosm experiment was conducted in acrylic container (15&#215;1&#215;20 cm) with two treatments (high OM treatment and low OM treatment) and each treatment had ten replicates. The pellets in each container were removed 2h before the beginning of the pellet collection, and then newly produced pellets were collected every 2 h during 24 h at each treatment. The mean grain size of pellets (5.1 &#8709;) was smaller than that of ambient sediment particles (5.9 &#8709;), and the mean OM concentration was much higher in pellet (0.69% for C and 0.06% for N) than in ambient sediment (0.46% for C and 0.05% for N). Since an organism cannot produce more organic matter than it ingests, production of organically enriched pellets by this species indicates selective ingestion. The overall OM transport rate was 0.7 g C m-2 day-1 in carbon and 0.06 g N m-2 day-1 in nitrogen, respectively. The daily PP was much higher in high OM treatment than that of low OM treatment with mean values of 0.007 and 0.002 g ind.-1 h-1, respectively. It is expected that Perinereis feeding activity strongly depended on OM concentrations. The overall sediment reworking rate based on the pellet production was much higher in high OM concentration (0.005 mm day-1) than in low OM (0.001 mm day-1) concentration.

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Validation of the Hexoskin wearable vest during lying, sitting, standing, and walking activities

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2015-0140 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 40 (10) ◽

pp. 1019-1024 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

Rodrigo Villar ◽

Thomas Beltrame ◽

Richard L. Hughson

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Ventilatory Threshold ◽

Minute Ventilation ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Relative Magnitude ◽

Mean Value ◽

Maximal Heart Rate ◽

Mean Values ◽

Exercise Condition ◽

The Mean

We tested the validity of the Hexoskin wearable vest to monitor heart rate (HR), breathing rate (BR), tidal volume (VT), minute ventilation, and hip motion intensity (HMI) in comparison with laboratory standard devices during lying, sitting, standing, and walking. Twenty healthy young volunteers participated in this study. First, participants walked 6 min on a treadmill at speeds of 1, 3, and 4.5 km/h followed by increasing treadmill grades until 80% of their predicted maximal heart rate. Second, lying, sitting, and standing tasks were performed (5 min each) followed by 6 min of treadmill walking at 80% of their ventilatory threshold. Analysis of each individual’s mean values under each resting or exercise condition by the 2 measurement systems revealed low coefficient of variation and high intraclass correlation values for HR, BR, and HMI. The Bland–Altman results from HR, BR, and HMI indicated no deviation of the mean value from zero and relatively small variability about the mean. VT and minute ventilation were provided in arbitrary units by the Hexoskin device; however, relative magnitude of change from Hexoskin closely tracked the laboratory standard method. Hexoskin presented low variability, good agreement, and consistency. The Hexoskin wearable vest was a valid and consistent tool to monitor activities typical of daily living such as different body positions (lying, sitting, and standing) and various walking speeds.

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Comparison of Autonomic Function using Valsalva Ratio, Heart Rate, and Blood Pressure in Meditators and Nonmeditators

Current Trends in diagnosis & Treatment ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10055-0002 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 6-9

Author(s):

Roopam Bassi ◽

Kiran ◽

Kawalinder Girgla

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Autonomic Function ◽

Valsalva Maneuver ◽

Well Being ◽

Control Group ◽

Relaxation Techniques ◽

Mean Values ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference

ABSTRACT Introduction In recent years, the various health benefits of meditation have been acknowledged by the scientific community as well as by the public. Apart from its physiological benefits, it can also improve the psychological and spiritual well-being. A case–control study was planned to investigate the effect of Rajyoga Meditation on cardiovascular autonomic activity in meditators and nonmeditators. Materials and methods The study was conducted on 100 subjects, randomized into two groups: meditators (n = 50; age 35.80 ± 7.69 years) and nonmeditators (n = 50; age 36.76 ± 6.38 years). The meditator group practiced meditation for 30 minutes in the morning as well as in the evening. The control group did not practice any type of meditation or relaxation techniques. The cardiovascular parameters – heart rate (HR), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and Valsalva maneuver tests – were performed in both the groups in the same environmental conditions. The data were compiled and analyzed using unpaired t test. Results The mean values of HR in meditators and the control group were 77.08 ± 5.39 and 80.68 ± 5.71 respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The mean values of SBP in meditators and nonmeditators were 124.60 ± 5.39 and 129.56 ± 4.30 mm Hg respectively, while those for DBP were 77.84 ± 4.65 and 80.80 ± 4.78 mm Hg respectively. The difference in both was statistically significant. In meditators, Valsalva ratio was 1.60 ± 0.20, while in nonmeditators, it was 1.33 ± 0.13, and the difference was highly significant. Conclusion Significant improvement is seen in physiological, cardiac, and parasympathetic parameters in Rajyoga meditators. A shift of the autonomic balance toward the parasympathetic side is seen. By purposefully energizing the parasympathetic system by meditation, we can combat the ill effects of stress and help heal many health conditions. How to cite this article Kiran, Thaman RG, Bassi R, Girgla K. Comparison of Autonomic Function using Valsalva Ratio, Heart Rate, and Blood Pressure in Meditators and Nonmeditators. Curr Trends Diagn Treat 2017;1(1):6-9.

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Evaluation of the best environment for the six-minute walk test

Fisioterapia em Movimento ◽

10.1590/0103-5150.028.003.ao01 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 429-436

Author(s):

Newton Santos de Faria Júnior ◽

Cláudio Hiroshi Nakata ◽

Luís Vicente Franco de Oliveira ◽

Gaspar Rogério Chiappa ◽

Gerson Cipriano Júnior

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Low Cost ◽

Walk Test ◽

Physiological Variables ◽

Six Minute Walk Test ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

Minute Walk

AbstractIntroduction The purpose of the six-minute walk test (6MWT) is to evaluate cardiopulmonary capacity using a low-cost test that is easy to administer, generally well tolerated by different populations and reflects one’s performance on activities of daily living. However, few studies have been conducted to determine the difference between performing the 6MWT indoors and outdoors.Objective The aim of the present study was to compare the distance covered on the 6MWT performed indoors and outdoors and evaluate the following physiological variables: heart rate, blood pressure and the subjective sensation of shortness of breath, using the Borg perceived exertion scale.Materials and methods A prospective, randomized, clinical trial was conducted involving eight healthy females not engaged in regular physical activity, with mean age 23.75 ± 1.67 years. Each subject performed the 6MWT indoors and outdoors with a 30-minute interval between tests. The order of the tests was determined randomly.Results The mean distance traveled was 578 ± 50.07 m on the outdoor trial and 579.95 ± 45.35 m on the indoor trial (p = 0.932). The mean physiological variables were 82.25 ± 11.02 bpm (indoors) versus 84.38 ± 9.42 bpm (outdoors) for heart rate, 121.88 ± 10.28 mmHg (indoors)versus 118.75 ± 19.40 mmHg (outdoors) for systolic blood pressure, 81.88 ± 9.74 mmHg (indoors) versus 80.50 ± 7.89 mmHg (outdoors) for diastolic blood pressure and a mean score of 12 on the perceived exertion score in both environments.Conclusions The present data demonstrate no differences in the distance walked on the 6MWT or the physiologic variables of participants between the indoor and outdoor trials.

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