scholarly journals Effect of volcanic aerosol on stratospheric NO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> from 2002–2014 as measured by Odin-OSIRIS and Envisat-MIPAS

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (13) ◽  
pp. 8063-8080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristen Adams ◽  
Adam E. Bourassa ◽  
Chris A. McLinden ◽  
Chris E. Sioris ◽  
Thomas von Clarmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Michelson Interferometer ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Volcanic Aerosol ◽  
Quasi Biennial Oscillation ◽  
El Chichón ◽  
El Chichon

Abstract. Following the large volcanic eruptions of Pinatubo in 1991 and El Chichón in 1982, decreases in stratospheric NO2 associated with enhanced aerosol were observed. The Optical Spectrograph and Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (OSIRIS) measured the widespread enhancements of stratospheric aerosol following seven volcanic eruptions between 2002 and 2014, although the magnitudes of these eruptions were all much smaller than the Pinatubo and El Chichón eruptions. In order to isolate and quantify the relationship between volcanic aerosol and NO2, NO2 anomalies were calculated using measurements from OSIRIS and the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS). In the tropics, variability due to the quasi-biennial oscillation was subtracted from the time series. OSIRIS profile measurements indicate that the strongest anticorrelations between NO2 and volcanic aerosol extinction were for the 5 km layer starting  ∼  3 km above the climatological mean tropopause at the given latitude. OSIRIS stratospheric NO2 partial columns in this layer were found to be smaller than background NO2 levels during these aerosol enhancements by up to  ∼  60 % with typical Pearson correlation coefficients of R ∼ −0. 7. MIPAS also observed decreases in NO2 partial columns during periods affected by volcanic aerosol, with percent differences of up to  ∼  25 % relative to background levels. An even stronger anticorrelation was observed between OSIRIS aerosol optical depth and MIPAS N2O5 partial columns, with R ∼ −0. 9, although no link with MIPAS HNO3 was observed. The variation in OSIRIS NO2 with increasing aerosol was found to be consistent with simulations from a photochemical box model within the estimated model uncertainty.

scholarly journals Effect of volcanic aerosol on stratospheric NO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> from 2002–2014 as measured by Odin-OSIRIS and Envisat-MIPAS

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristen Adams ◽  
Adam E. Bourassa ◽  
Chris A. McLinden ◽  
Chris E. Sioris ◽  
Thomas von Clarmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Michelson Interferometer ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Volcanic Aerosol ◽  
Quasi Biennial Oscillation ◽  
El Chichón ◽  
El Chichon

Abstract. Following the large volcanic eruptions of Pinatubo in 1991 and El Chichón in 1982, decreases in stratospheric NO2 associated with enhanced aerosol were observed. The Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imaging Spectrometer (OSIRIS) likewise measured widespread enhancements of stratospheric aerosol following seven volcanic eruptions between 2002 and 2014, although the magnitudes of these eruptions were all much smaller than the Pinatubo and El Chichón eruptions. In order to isolate and quantify the relationship between volcanic aerosol and NO2, NO2 anomalies were calculated using measurements from OSIRIS and the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS). In the tropics, variability due to the quasi-biennial oscillation was subtracted from the timeseries. OSIRIS profile measurements indicate that the strongest relationships between NO2 and volcanic aerosol extinction were for the layer ~ 3–7 km above the tropopause, where OSIRIS stratospheric NO2 partial columns for ~ 3–7 km above the tropopause were found to be smaller than baseline levels during these aerosol enhancements by up to ~ 60 % with typical Pearson correlation coefficients of R ~ −0.7. MIPAS also observed decreases in NO2 partial columns during periods of affected by volcanic aerosol, with percent differences of up to ~ 25 %. An even stronger relationship was observed between OSIRIS aerosol optical depth and MIPAS N2O5 partial columns, with R ~ −0.9, although no link with MIPAS HNO3 was observed. The variation of OSIRIS NO2 with increasing aerosol was found to be quantitatively consistent with simulations from a photochemical box model in terms of both magnitude and degree of non-linearity.

scholarly journals Evaluating the simulated radiative forcings, aerosol properties and stratospheric warmings from the 1963 Agung, 1982 El Chichón and 1991 Mt Pinatubo volcanic aerosol clouds

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandip S. Dhomse ◽  
Graham W. Mann ◽  
Juan Carlos Antuña Marrero ◽  
Sarah E. Shallcross ◽  
Martyn P. Chipperfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Volcanic Aerosol ◽  
Model Intercomparison ◽  
Tropical Reservoir ◽  
So2 Emission ◽  
Aerosol Model ◽  
Volcanic Forcing ◽  
El Chichón ◽  
El Chichon

Abstract. Accurate quantification of the effects of volcanic eruptions on climate is a key requirement for better attribution of anthropogenic climate change. Here we use the UM-UKCA composition-climate model to simulate the atmospheric evolution of the volcanic aerosol clouds from the three largest eruptions of the 20th century: 1963 Agung, 1982 El Chichón and 1991 Pinatubo. The model has interactive stratospheric chemistry and aerosol microphysics, with coupled aerosol–radiation interactions for realistic composition-dynamics feedbacks. Our simulations align with the design of the Interactive Stratospheric Aerosol Model Intercomparison (ISA-MIP) Historical Eruption SO2 Emissions Assessment. For each eruption, we perform 3-member ensemble model experiments with upper, mid-point and lower estimates for SO2 emission, each initialised to a meteorological state to match the observed phase of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) at the times of the eruptions. We assess how each eruption's emitted SO2 evolves into a tropical reservoir of volcanic aerosol and analyse the subsequent dispersion to mid-latitudes. We compare the simulations to the three volcanic forcing datasets used in historical integrations for the two most recent Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) assessments: the Global Space-based Stratospheric Aerosol Climatology (GloSSAC) for CMIP6, and the Sato et al. (1993) and Ammann et al. (2003) datasets used in CMIP5. We also assess the vertical extent of the volcanic aerosol clouds by comparing simulated extinction to Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II (SAGE-II) v7.0 satellite aerosol data (1985–1995) for Pinatubo and El Chichón, and to 1964–65 northern hemisphere ground-based lidar measurements for Agung. As an independent test for the simulated volcanic forcing after Pinatubo, we also compare to the shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) Top-of-the-Atmosphere flux anomalies measured by the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) satellite instrument. For the Pinatubo simulations, an injection of 10 to 14 Tg SO2 gives the best match to the High Resolution Infrared Sounder (HIRS) satellite-derived global stratospheric sulphur burden, with good agreement also to SAGE-II mid-visible and near-infrared extinction measurements. This 10–14 Tg range of emission also generates a heating of the tropical stratosphere that is comparable with the temperature anomaly seen in the ERA-Interim reanalyses. For El Chichón the simulations with 5 Tg and 7 Tg SO2 emission give best agreement with the observations. However, these runs predict a much deeper volcanic cloud than present in the CMIP6 data, with much higher aerosol extinction than the GloSSAC data up to October 1984, but better agreement during the later SAGE-II period. For 1963 Agung, the 9 Tg simulation compares best to the forcing datasets with the model capturing the lidar-observed signature of peak extinction descending from 20 km in 1964 to 16 km in 1965. Overall, our results indicate that the downward adjustment to previous SO2 emission estimates for Pinatubo as suggested by several interactive modelling studies is also needed for the Agung and El Chichón aerosol clouds. This strengthens the hypothesis that interactive stratospheric aerosol models may be missing an important removal or redistribution process (e.g. effects of co-emitted ash) which changes how the tropical reservoir of volcanic aerosol evolves in the initial months after an eruption. Our analysis identifies potentially important inhomogeneities in the CMIP6 dataset for all three periods that are hard to reconcile with variations predicted by the interactive stratospheric aerosol model. We also highlight large differences between the CMIP5 and CMIP6 volcanic aerosol datasets for the Agung and El Chichón periods. Future research should aim to reduce this uncertainty by reconciling the datasets with additional stratospheric aerosol observations.

scholarly journals Evaluating the simulated radiative forcings, aerosol properties, and stratospheric warmings from the 1963 Mt Agung, 1982 El Chichón, and 1991 Mt Pinatubo volcanic aerosol clouds

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 13627-13654
Author(s):  
Sandip S. Dhomse ◽  
Graham W. Mann ◽  
Juan Carlos Antuña Marrero ◽  
Sarah E. Shallcross ◽  
Martyn P. Chipperfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Volcanic Aerosol ◽  
Model Intercomparison ◽  
Tropical Reservoir ◽  
Quasi Biennial Oscillation ◽  
So2 Emission ◽  
Radiative Forcings ◽  
Volcanic Forcing ◽  
El Chichón ◽  
El Chichon

Abstract. Accurately quantifying volcanic impacts on climate is a key requirement for robust attribution of anthropogenic climate change. Here we use the Unified Model – United Kingdom Chemistry and Aerosol (UM-UKCA) composition–climate model to simulate the global dispersion of the volcanic aerosol clouds from the three largest eruptions of the 20th century: 1963 Mt Agung, 1982 El Chichón, and 1991 Mt Pinatubo. The model has interactive stratospheric chemistry and aerosol microphysics, with coupled aerosol–radiation interactions for realistic composition–dynamics feedbacks. Our simulations align with the design of the Interactive Stratospheric Aerosol Model Intercomparison (ISA-MIP) “Historical Eruption SO2 Emissions Assessment”. For each eruption, we perform three-member ensemble model experiments for upper, mid-point, and lower estimates of SO2 emission, each re-initialised from a control run to approximately match the observed transition in the phase of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in the 6 months after the eruptions. With this experimental design, we assess how each eruption's emitted SO2 translates into a tropical reservoir of volcanic aerosol and analyse the subsequent dispersion to mid-latitudes. We compare the simulations to the volcanic forcing datasets (e.g. Space-based Stratospheric Aerosol Climatology (GloSSAC); Sato et al., 1993, and Ammann et al., 2003) that are used in historical integrations for the two most recent Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) assessments. For Pinatubo and El Chichón, we assess the vertical extent of the simulated volcanic clouds by comparing modelled extinction to the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE-II) v7.0 satellite measurements and to 1964–1965 Northern Hemisphere ground-based lidar measurements for Agung. As an independent test for the simulated volcanic forcing after Pinatubo, we also compare simulated shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) top-of-the-atmosphere radiative forcings to the flux anomalies measured by the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) satellite instrument. For the Pinatubo simulations, an injection of 10 to 14 Tg SO2 gives the best match to the High Resolution Infrared Sounder (HIRS) satellite-derived global stratospheric sulfur burden, with good agreement also with SAGE-II mid-visible and near-infra-red extinction measurements. This 10–14 Tg range of emission also generates a heating of the tropical stratosphere that is consistent with the temperature anomaly present in the ERA-Interim reanalysis. For El Chichón, the simulations with 5 and 7 Tg SO2 emission give best agreement with the observations. However, these simulations predict a much deeper volcanic cloud than represented in the GloSSAC dataset, which is largely based on an interpolation between Stratospheric Aerosol Measurements (SAM-II) satellite and aircraft measurements. In contrast, these simulations show much better agreement during the SAGE-II period after October 1984. For 1963 Agung, the 9 Tg simulation compares best to the forcing datasets with the model capturing the lidar-observed signature of the altitude of peak extinction descending from 20 km in 1964 to 16 km in 1965. Overall, our results indicate that the downward adjustment to SO2 emission found to be required by several interactive modelling studies when simulating Pinatubo is also needed when simulating the Agung and El Chichón aerosol clouds. This strengthens the hypothesis that interactive stratospheric aerosol models may be missing an important removal or re-distribution process (e.g. effects of co-emitted ash) which changes how the tropical reservoir of volcanic aerosol evolves in the initial months after an eruption. Our model comparisons also identify potentially important inhomogeneities in the CMIP6 dataset for all three eruption periods that are hard to reconcile with variations predicted in the interactive stratospheric aerosol simulations. We also highlight large differences between the CMIP5 and CMIP6 volcanic aerosol datasets for the Agung and El Chichón periods. Future research should aim to reduce this uncertainty by reconciling the datasets with additional stratospheric aerosol observations.

scholarly journals Surface temperature response to the major volcanic eruptions in multiple reanalysis data sets

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatomo Fujiwara ◽  
Patrick Martineau ◽  
Jonathon S. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Hemispheric Differences ◽  
Quasi Biennial Oscillation ◽  
Cooling Period ◽  
El Chichón ◽  
El Chichon

Abstract. The global response of air temperature at 2 metre above the surface to the eruptions of Mount Agung in March 1963, El Chichón in April 1982, and Mount Pinatubo in June 1991 is investigated using 11 global atmospheric reanalysis data sets (JRA-55, JRA-25, MERRA-2, MERRA, ERA-Interim, ERA-40, CFSR, NCEP-NCAR R-1, 20CR version 2c, ERA-20C, and CERA-20C). Multiple linear regression (MLR) is applied to the monthly mean time series of temperature for two periods, 1980–2010 (for 10 reanalyses) and 1958–2001 (for six reanalyses), by considering explanatory factors of seasonal harmonics, linear trends, Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO), solar cycle, tropical sea surface temperature (SST) variations in the Pacific, Indian, and Atlantic Oceans, and Arctic SST variations. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis is applied to these climatic indices to obtain a set of orthogonal indices to be used for the MLR. The residuals of the MLR are used to define the volcanic signals for the three eruptions separately. First, latitudinally averaged time series of the residuals are investigated and compared with the results from previous studies. Then, the geographical distribution of the response during the peak cooling period after each eruption is investigated. In general, different reanalyses show similar geographical patterns of the response, but with the largest differences in the polar regions. The Pinatubo response shows largest average cooling in the 60° N–60° S region among the three eruptions, with a peak cooling of 0.10–0.15 K. The El Chichón response shows slightly larger cooling in the NH than in the Southern Hemisphere (SH), while the Agung response shows larger cooling in the SH. These hemispheric differences are consistent with the distribution of stratospheric aerosol optical depth after these eruptions; however, the peak cooling after these two eruptions is comparable in magnitude to unexplained cooling events in other periods without volcanic influence. Other methods in which the MLR model is used with different sets of indices are also tested, and it is found that careful treatment of tropical SST variability is necessary to evaluate the surface response to volcanic eruptions in observations and reanalyses.

scholarly journals Surface temperature response to the major volcanic eruptions in multiple reanalysis data sets

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 345-374
Author(s):  
Masatomo Fujiwara ◽  
Patrick Martineau ◽  
Jonathon S. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Hemispheric Differences ◽  
Quasi Biennial Oscillation ◽  
Cooling Period ◽  
El Chichón ◽  
El Chichon

Abstract. The global response of air temperature at 2 m above the surface to the eruptions of Mount Agung in March 1963, El Chichón in April 1982, and Mount Pinatubo in June 1991 is investigated using 11 global atmospheric reanalysis data sets (JRA-55, JRA-25, MERRA-2, MERRA, ERA-Interim, ERA-40, CFSR, NCEP-NCAR R-1, 20CR version 2c, ERA-20C, and CERA-20C). Multiple linear regression (MLR) is applied to the monthly mean time series of temperature for two periods – 1980–2010 (for 10 reanalyses) and 1958–2001 (for 6 reanalyses) – by considering explanatory factors of seasonal harmonics, linear trends, quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), solar cycle, tropical sea surface temperature (SST) variations in the Pacific, Indian, and Atlantic Oceans, and Arctic SST variations. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis is applied to these climatic indices to obtain a set of orthogonal indices to be used for the MLR. The residuals of the MLR are used to define the volcanic signals for the three eruptions separately. First, area-averaged time series of the residuals are investigated and compared with the results from previous studies. Then, the geographical distribution of the response during the peak cooling period after each eruption is investigated. In general, different reanalyses show similar geographical patterns of the response, but with the largest differences in the polar regions. The Pinatubo response shows the largest average cooling in the 60∘ N–60∘ S region among the three eruptions, with a peak cooling of 0.10–0.15 K. The El Chichón response shows slightly larger cooling in the NH than in the Southern Hemisphere (SH), while the Agung response shows larger cooling in the SH. These hemispheric differences are consistent with the distribution of stratospheric aerosol optical depth after these eruptions; however, the peak cooling after these two eruptions is comparable in magnitude to unexplained cooling events in other periods without volcanic influence. Other methods in which the MLR model is used with different sets of indices are also tested, and it is found that careful treatment of tropical SST variability is necessary to evaluate the surface response to volcanic eruptions in observations and reanalyses.

scholarly journals Global temperature response to the major volcanic eruptions in multiple reanalysis datasets

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 13315-13346 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fujiwara ◽  
T. Hibino ◽  
S. K. Mehta ◽  
L. Gray ◽  
D. Mitchell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Global Temperature ◽  
Quasi Biennial Oscillation ◽  
Mount Pinatubo ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
El Chichón ◽  
Pinatubo Eruption ◽  
El Chichon

Abstract. Global temperature response to the eruptions of Mount Agung in 1963, El Chichón in 1982 and Mount Pinatubo in 1991 is investigated using nine reanalysis datasets (JRA-55, MERRA, ERA-Interim, NCEP-CFSR, JRA-25, ERA-40, NCEP-1, NCEP-2, and 20CR). Multiple linear regression is applied to the zonal and monthly mean time series of temperature for two periods, 1979–2009 (for eight reanalysis datasets) and 1958–2001 (for four reanalysis datasets), by considering explanatory factors of seasonal harmonics, linear trends, Quasi-Biennial Oscillation, solar cycle, and El Niño Southern Oscillation. The residuals are used to define the volcanic signals for the three eruptions separately. In response to the Mount Pinatubo eruption, most reanalysis datasets show strong warming signals (up to 2–3 K for one-year average) in the tropical lower stratosphere and weak cooling signals (down to −1 K) in the subtropical upper troposphere. For the El Chichón eruption, warming signals in the tropical lower stratosphere are somewhat smaller than those for the Mount Pinatubo eruption. The response to the Mount Agung eruption is asymmetric about the equator with strong warming in the Southern Hemisphere midlatitude upper troposphere to lower stratosphere. The response to three other smaller-scale eruptions in the 1960s and 1970s is also investigated. Comparison of the results from several different reanalysis datasets confirms the atmospheric temperature response to these major eruptions qualitatively, but also shows quantitative differences even among the most recent reanalysis datasets.

scholarly journals On the effect of the volcanic eruptions of Mount Agung and El Chichón on the temperature of the stratosphere

1984 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-232
Author(s):  
K. Labitzke ◽  
B. Naujokat
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
El Chichón ◽  
El Chichon

Durante el verano y el otoño de 1982, y también durante el verano y otoño de 1963, la temperatura a 30 mbar subió más de tres desviaciones estándar sobre el promedio de 18 años en latitudes tropicales. Estos calentamientos se atribuyen a los aerosoles estratosféricos producidos por las erupciones del Monte Agung en marzo de 1963 y El Chichón en abril de 1982.

scholarly journals MEASUREMENT OF THE SULFURIC ACID WEIGHT PERCENT IN THE STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOL FROM THE EL CHICHÓN ERUPTION

1984 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-320
Author(s):  
D. J. HOFMANN ◽  
J. M. ROSEN
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
El Chichón ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
El Chichon

Durante un descenso lento de bal6n desde los 30 km de altitud sobre el sureste de Texas en octubre de 1982, el tubo de entrada a un contador de partículas capaz de medir las concentraciones de aerosol de r ≥ 0.15 µm y r ≥ 0.25 µm fue calentado a 150°C, permitiendo su enfriamiento periódico para determinar la volatilidad del aerosol. Al hacerse la medición, el aerosol inyectado por El Chichón se caracterizaba por dos capas principales centradas a alrededor de 17 y 24 km. La capa superior contenía partículas más grandes (radio modal principal de ~0.3 µm, comparado con ~0.1 µm en la capa inferior). Al calentarlo, el aerosol indicaba una concentración de ~1% de los valores ambientales, sugiriendo que la mayoría de las partículas eran muy volátiles o tenían cubierta muy volátil con núcleos posiblemente no volátiles, de radios < 0.15µm. La distribución vertical del componente restante no volátil podía ser resuelta. Observando la temperatura a la cual podía suprimirse la mayor parte del aerosol (punto de vaporización) a varias altitudes (presiones), se construyó una curva de presión de vapor. Los resultados indican que el material volátil en la capa superior consistía en ~80% H2S04 - 20% H2O (por peso) mientras que la capa inferior consistía en un 60 - 65% de aerosol ácido. Esta diferencia es debida principalmente a las temperaturas más altas en la capa superior. Los porcentajes de ácido sulfúrico medidos en peso concuerdan bien con los valores te6ricos según fueron calculados para las temperaturas observadas y las concentraciones típicas del vapor de agua.

scholarly journals Aligning Pixel Values of DMSP and VIIRS Nighttime Light Images to Evaluate Urban Dynamics

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang Wu ◽  
Xiaonan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Robust Regression ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Low Pass Filter ◽  
Urban Dynamics ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Nighttime Light

The brightness of pixels in nighttime light images (NTL) has been regarded as the proxy of the urban dynamics. However, the great difference between the pixel values of NTL from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program’s Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS) and the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership satellite’s Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (Suomi NPP/VIIRS) poses obstacles to analyze economic and social development with NTL in a continuous temporal sequence. This research proposes a methodology to align the pixel values of both NTL by calibrating annual DMSP images between the years 1992–2013 with a robust regression algorithm with a quadratic polynomial regression model and simulating annual DMSP images with VIIRS images between years 2012 and 2018 with a model consisting of a power function and a Gaussian low pass filter. As a result, DMSP annual images between years 1992–2018 can be produced. Case study of Beijing and Yiwu are conducted and evaluated with local gross domestic product (GDP). Compared with the values of DMSP and VIIRS annual composites, the Pearson correlation coefficients of DMSP and simulated DMSP annual composites in 2012 and in 2013 increase significantly, while the root mean square error (RMSE) decrease evidently. In addition, the correlation of the sum of light of NTL and local GDP is enhanced with a simulation process. These results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method in narrowing the gap between DMSP and VIIRS NTL in pixel values.

Stratospheric aerosol mass content estimated by lidar after El Chichón eruptions

1989 ◽  
Vol 94 (D7) ◽  
pp. 9909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Paolo Gobbi ◽  
Alberto Adriani ◽  
Fernando Congeduti
Keyword(s):  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Mass Content ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
El Chichón ◽  
El Chichon
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