scholarly journals Supplementary material to "Chemical characterization of long-range transport biomass burning emissions to the Himalayas: insights from high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometry"

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinghua Zhang ◽  
Jianzhong Xu ◽  
Shichang Kang ◽  
Yanmei Liu ◽  
Qi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Long Range Transport ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Aerosol Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Range Transport ◽  
Supplementary Material

scholarly journals Chemical characterization of long-range transport biomass burning emissions to the Himalayas: insights from high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometry

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 4617-4638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinghua Zhang ◽  
Jianzhong Xu ◽  
Shichang Kang ◽  
Yanmei Liu ◽  
Qi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Chemical Evolution ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Field Measurement ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Long Range Transport ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Range Transport

Abstract. An intensive field measurement was conducted at a remote, background, high-altitude site (Qomolangma Station, QOMS, 4276 m a.s.l.) in the northern Himalayas, using an Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) along with other collocated instruments. The field measurement was performed from 12 April to 12 May 2016 to chemically characterize the high time-resolved submicron particulate matter (PM1) and obtain the dynamic processes (emissions, transport, and chemical evolution) of biomass burning (BB), frequently transported from South Asia to the Himalayas during pre-monsoon season. Overall, the average (±1σ) PM1 mass concentration was 4.44 (±4.54) µg m−3 for the entire study, which is comparable with those observed at other remote sites worldwide. Organic aerosol (OA) was the dominant PM1 species (accounting for 54.3 % of total PM1 on average) followed by black carbon (BC) (25.0 %), sulfate (9.3 %), ammonium (5.8 %), nitrate (5.1 %), and chloride (0.4 %). The average size distributions of PM1 species all peaked at an overlapping accumulation mode (∼ 500 nm), suggesting that aerosol particles were internally well-mixed and aged during long-range transport. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis on the high-resolution organic mass spectra identified three distinct OA factors, including a BB-related OA (BBOA, 43.7 %), a nitrogen-containing OA (NOA, 13.9 %) and a more-oxidized oxygenated OA (MO-OOA, 42.4 %). Two polluted episodes with enhanced PM1 mass loadings and elevated BBOA contributions from the west and southwest of QOMS during the study were observed. A typical BB plume was investigated in detail to illustrate the chemical evolution of aerosol characteristics under distinct air mass origins, meteorological conditions, and atmospheric oxidation processes.

scholarly journals Chemical characterization and sources of submicron aerosols in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: insights from high-resolution mass spectrometry

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinghua Zhang ◽  
Jianzhong Xu ◽  
Shichang Kang ◽  
Qi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Source Analysis ◽  
Long Range Transport ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Range Transport ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau ◽  
Mass Concentrations

Abstract. An Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) was deployed along with other online instruments to study the highly time-resolved chemistry and sources of submicron aerosols (PM1) at Waliguan (WLG) Baseline Observatory, a high-altitude (3816 m a.s.l.) background station located at the northeastern edge of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), during 1–31 July 2017. The average PM1 mass concentration during this study was 9.1 μg m−3 (ranging from 0.3 to 28.1 μg m−3), which was distinct higher than those (2.0–5.7 μg m−3) measured with Aerodyne AMS at other high-elevation sites in the southern or central QTP. Sulfate showed dominant contribution (38.1 %) to PM1 at WLG following by organics (34.5 %), ammonium (15.2 %), nitrate (8.1 %), BC (3.0 %) and chloride (1.1 %). Accordingly, bulk aerosols appeared to be slightly acidic throughout this study mainly related to the enhanced sulfate contribution. All chemical species peaked at the accumulation mode, indicating the well mixed and highly aged aerosol particles at WLG from long-range transport. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) on the high-resolution organic mass spectra resolved four distinct organic aerosol (OA) components, including a traffic-related hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA), a relatively fresh biomass burning OA (BBOA), an aged biomass burning OA (agBBOA) and a more-oxidized oxygenated OA (OOA). On average, the two relatively oxidized OAs, OOA and agBBOA, contributed 34.4 % and 40.4 % of organics, respectively, while the rest were 18.4 % for BBOA and 6.8 % for HOA. Source analysis for air masses displayed higher mass concentrations of PM1 and enhanced contributions of sulfate and biomass burning related OA components (agBBOA + BBOA) were from northeast of the WLG with shorter transport distance, whereas lower PM1 mass concentrations with enhanced OOA contribution were from west after long-range transport, suggesting their distinct aerosol sources and significant impacts of regional transport to aerosol mass loadings and chemistry at WLG.

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