scholarly journals A synthesis of research needs for improving the understanding of atmospheric mercury cycling

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leiming Zhang ◽  
Seth Lyman ◽  
Huiting Mao ◽  
Che-Jen Lin ◽  
David A. Gay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Mercury ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Surface Exchange ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Modeling Analysis ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Network Operation ◽  
Operation Knowledge

Abstract. This synthesis identifies future research needs in atmospheric mercury science, based on a series of review papers, as well as recent developments in field data collection, modeling analysis, and emission assessments of speciated atmospheric mercury. Research activities are proposed that focus on areas that we consider important. These include refinement of mercury emission estimations, quantification of dry deposition and air-surface exchange, improvement of the treatment of chemical mechanisms in chemical transport models, increase in the accuracy of oxidized mercury measurements, better interpretation of atmospheric mercury chemistry data, and harmonization of network operation. Knowledge gained in these research areas will significantly improve our understanding of atmospheric cycling from local to global scales.

scholarly journals A synthesis of research needs for improving the understanding of atmospheric mercury cycling

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 9133-9144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leiming Zhang ◽  
Seth Lyman ◽  
Huiting Mao ◽  
Che-Jen Lin ◽  
David A. Gay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Mercury ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Surface Exchange ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Modeling Analysis ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Network Operation ◽  
Operation Knowledge

Abstract. This synthesis identifies future research needs in atmospheric mercury science, based on a series of review papers, as well as recent developments in field data collection, modeling analysis, and emission assessments of speciated atmospheric mercury. Research activities are proposed that focus on areas that we consider important. These include refinement of mercury emission estimations, quantification of dry deposition and air–surface exchange, improvement of the treatment of chemical mechanisms in chemical transport models, increase in the accuracy of oxidized mercury measurements, better interpretation of atmospheric mercury chemistry data, and harmonization of network operation. Knowledge gained in these research areas will significantly improve our understanding of atmospheric cycling from local to global scales.

Driving Forces Concrete-Polymer Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 687 ◽  
pp. 68-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lech Czarnecki ◽  
Hulusi Özkul ◽  
Ru Wang
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
General Scope

The aim of the paper is an attempt to prepare draft about the matrix: drivers and research area in the C-PC with an intension to identify future research needs and priorities with relevance to C-PC development. The approach adopted in the paper is limited to the two terms: “drivers” and “research area”. Drivers have been selected to the research areas defined on the base of the 14thICPIC which reflect general scope of the C-PC domain. However, the identification and prioritization is not yet precise and do not define the result but try to establish the starting point. The purpose is that the paper is going to be used as a catalyst to guide discussion among the members of the C-PC community and to maximise the output in C-PC.

scholarly journals Consumer-driven e-commerce

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley Frederick W.T. Lim ◽  
Xin Jin ◽  
Jagjit Singh Srai
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Home Delivery ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Design Framework ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
Structural Variables ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Business To Consumer

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to re-examine the extant research on last-mile logistics (LML) models and consider LML’s diverse roots in city logistics, home delivery and business-to-consumer distribution, and more recent developments within the e-commerce digital supply chain context. The review offers a structured approach to what is currently a disparate and fractured field in logistics. Design/methodology/approach The systematic literature review examines the interface between e-commerce and LML. Following a protocol-driven methodology, combined with a “snowballing” technique, a total of 47 articles form the basis of the review. Findings The literature analysis conceptualises the relationship between a broad set of contingency variables and operational characteristics of LML configuration (push-centric, pull-centric, and hybrid system) via a set of structural variables, which are captured in the form of a design framework. The authors propose four future research areas reflecting likely digital supply chain evolutions. Research limitations/implications To circumvent subjective selection of articles for inclusion, all papers were assessed independently by two researchers and counterchecked with two independent logistics experts. Resulting classifications inform the development of future LML models. Practical implications The design framework of this study provides practitioners insights on key contingency and structural variables and their interrelationships, as well as viable configuration options within given boundary conditions. The reformulated knowledge allows these prescriptive models to inform practitioners in their design of last-mile distribution. Social implications Improved LML performance would have positive societal impacts in terms of service and resource efficiency. Originality/value This paper provides the first comprehensive review on LML models in the modern e-commerce context. It synthesises knowledge of LML models and provides insights on current trends and future research directions.

scholarly journals Achieving Integrated Daylighting and Electric Lighting Systems: Current State of the Art and Needed Research

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3833
Author(s):  
Gregory D. Thomson ◽  
Robert G. Davis ◽  
Luís Fernandes ◽  
Taoning Wang
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Critical Path ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Seamless Integration ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Lighting Systems

This paper presents the results of a multi-disciplinary effort to clarify the state of the art and the state of practice, and necessary future research for creating the seamless integration and application of light in buildings, regardless of source, which is purposely modulated to illuminate surfaces and designed in a way that is comfortable, healthy, pleasing, cost-effective, and energy efficient. The authors unwrap the research, tools, and technical gaps preventing the full integration of electric lighting and daylighting with advanced façades through the coordination of lighting and windows research activities. The study and a stakeholder workshop captured current technology readiness levels (TRL), as well as research thrusts and implementation guidelines, and identified research priorities, presenting an analysis of the current landscape of lighting metrics—and which metrics are in the critical path for developing integrated daylighting and electric lighting systems, and their design, installation, and technology guidelines. In addition, the study defined stakeholder coordination, pathways to interoperable technology, and the value of viewing the work of the individual research areas holistically rather than in isolation.

Sustainable Energy through Carbon Capture and Storage: Role of Geo-Modeling Studies

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 299-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malti Goel
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Modeling Studies ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
And Storage

The technology for CO2 sequestration is developing fast and a lot of activity to launch pilot and demonstration projects in Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is taking place internationally. The technologies are large-scale and their sustainability is dependent on cost, reliability and acceptability. Geo-modeling has an important role to play in assessing the potential and feasibility. This paper describes recent developments in CCS technology, examines the various options for CO2 fixation and the possible role of geo-modeling studies. We present issues and challenges in modeling and monitoring studies in CO2 fixation and provide glimpses of current research in India. Future research needs are discussed.

Metal Fatigue—Past, Current and Future

1991 ◽  
Vol 205 (5) ◽  
pp. 291-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
K J Miller
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Mechanics ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Cyclic Deformation ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Metal Fatigue ◽  
Fatigue Lifetime ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Deformation Processes

Metal fatigue has been a problem for more than 150 years, but because of rapid developments in fracture mechanics analyses, possibly at the expense of the traditional approach based on cyclic deformation processes, afar better understanding of fatigue failure behaviour has recently been achieved. Consequently the engineer now has the basic tools at his/her disposal to make good assessments of the numerous factors that control the fatigue lifetime of engineering materials, components and structures. Additionally, more intensive interdisciplinary research studies involving chemists, materials scientists, mathematicians and physicists—but engineering led—have generated both greater insights into long-known industrial problems and routes to required solutions. This paper traces the growth of recent developments in understanding metal fatigue from the days of our mentors to the present day, and concludes with a brief review of some future research areas that are now available for exploitation.

Human development in times of social change: Theoretical considerations and research needs

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Pinquart ◽  
Rainer K. Silbereisen
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Stress Theory ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Impact

Although social change is diverse and ubiquitous, there is to date little research on the impact of social change on individual development, nor on the variables that may mediate and moderate this impact. This lack is, in part, based on insufficient consideration of psychological theories that may be applied to social change, but particularly on the lack of specific theories on psychological consequences of social change. In addition, methodological problems in measuring the complexity of social change have limited research on the consequences of social change on human development. With a focus on the effects of the breakdown of the communist system in Eastern Germany and Eastern Europe on individual development, the present paper analyses how prominent psychological theories can be applied to research on human development in times of social change, namely, Bronfenbrenner’s ecological paradigm, the transactional stress theory, and recent developments of lifespan theories of control and coping. A behavioural model is introduced that analyses developmental consequences of individual’s coping with social change. Finally, we discuss methodological implications for studying social change and set out future research needs.

scholarly journals Recent Developments in Smart Food Packaging Focused on Biobased and Biodegradable Polymers

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo R. Salgado ◽  
Luciana Di Giorgio ◽  
Yanina S. Musso ◽  
Adriana N. Mauri
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Regulatory Aspects ◽  
Biobased Polymers ◽  
Recent Developments

Food packaging has a crucial function in the modern food industry. New food packaging technologies seek to meet consumers and industrial's demands. Changes related to food production, sale practices and consumers' lifestyles, along with environmental awareness and the advance in new areas of knowledge (such as nanotechnology or biotechnology), act as driving forces to develop smart packages that can extend food shelf-life, keeping and supervising their innocuousness and quality and also taking care of the environment. This review describes the main concepts and types of active and intelligent food packaging, focusing on recent progress and new trends using biodegradable and biobased polymers. Numerous studies show the great possibilities of these materials. Future research needs to focus on some important aspects such as possibilities to scale-up, costs, regulatory aspects, and consumers' acceptance, to make these systems commercially viable.

Understanding Limited Use of Amplification in Infants and Children Who Are Hard of Hearing

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan W. McCreery ◽  
Elizabeth A. Walker ◽  
Meredith Spratford
Keyword(s):  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Hearing Aid Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
In Infants And Children

The effectiveness of amplification for infants and children can be mediated by how much the child uses the device. Existing research suggests that establishing hearing aid use can be challenging. A wide range of factors can influence hearing aid use in children, including the child's age, degree of hearing loss, and socioeconomic status. Audiological interventions, including using validated prescriptive approaches and verification, performing on-going training and orientation, and communicating with caregivers about hearing aid use can also increase hearing aid use by infants and children. Case examples are used to highlight the factors that influence hearing aid use. Potential management strategies and future research needs are also discussed.

Locus of Control, Safety Attitudes and Involvement in Hazardous Events in Indian Army Aviators

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Joseph ◽  
Suhasini Reddy ◽  
Kanwal Kashore Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Safety Attitudes ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Self Confidence

Locus of control (LOC), safety attitudes, and involvement in hazardous events were studied in 205 Indian Army aviators using a questionnaire-based method. A positive correlation was found between external LOC and involvement in hazardous events. Higher impulsivity and anxiety, and decreased self-confidence, safety orientation, and denial were associated with a greater number of hazardous events. Higher external LOC was associated with higher impulsivity, anxiety, and weather anxiety and with lower self-confidence, safety orientation, and denial. Internal LOC was associated with increased self-confidence, safety orientation, and denial. Hazardous events and self-confidence were higher in those involved in accidents than those not involved in accidents. Future research needs to address whether training can effectively modify LOC and negative attitudes, and whether this would cause a reduction in, and better management of, human errors.

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