scholarly journals On the Use of Satellite Observations to Fill Gaps in the Halley Station Total Ozone Record

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lily N. Zhang ◽  
Susan Solomon ◽  
Kane A. Stone ◽  
Jonathan D. Shanklin ◽  
Joshua D. Eveson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Ozone ◽  
Ozone Hole ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Ice Shelf ◽  
Total Column Ozone ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Antarctic Ozone ◽  
Historic Record ◽  
Column Ozone ◽  
The Antarctic

Abstract. Measurements by the Dobson ozone spectrophotometer at the British Antarctic Survey's (BAS) Halley research station form a record of Antarctic total column ozone that dates back to 1956. Due to its location, length, and completeness, the record has been, and continues to be, uniquely important for studies of long-term changes in Antarctic ozone. However, a crack in the ice shelf on which it resides forced the station to abruptly close, leading to a gap of two ozone hole seasons in its historic record. We develop and test a method for filling in the record of Halley total ozone by combining and adjusting overpass data from a range of different satellite instruments. Tests suggest that our method reproduces the monthly ground-based Dobson total ozone values to within an average of 2 Dobson units. We show that our approach improves on the overall performance as compared to simply using the raw satellite average or data from a single satellite instrument. The method also provides a check on the consistency of the provisional data from the automated Dobson used at Halley after 2018 with earlier manual Dobson data, and suggests that there was a significant difference between the two. The filled Halley dataset provides further support that the Antarctic ozone hole is healing, not only during September, but also in January.

scholarly journals On the Use of Satellite Observations to Fill Gaps in the Halley Station Total Ozone Record

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lily Zhang ◽  
Susan Solomon ◽  
Kane Stone ◽  
John Burrows ◽  
Steve Colwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Ozone ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Ice Shelf ◽  
Total Column Ozone ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Antarctic Ozone ◽  
Historic Record ◽  
Column Ozone ◽  
The Antarctic

<p>Measurements by the Dobson ozone spectrophotometer at the British Antarctic Survey’s (BAS) Halley research station form a record of Antarctic total column ozone that dates back to 1956. Due to its location, length, and completeness, the record has been, and continues to be, uniquely important for studies of long-term changes in Antarctic ozone. However, a crack in the ice shelf on which it resides forced the station to abruptly close for eight months and [SC-UB1]  led to a gap in its historic record.  We develop and test a method for filling in the record of Halley total ozone by combining and bias-correcting overpass data from a range of different satellite instruments. Tests suggest that our method reproduces the monthly ground-based Dobson total ozone values to within 20 Dobson units.  We show that our approach improves on the overall performance as compared to simply using the raw satellite average or an individual instrument. The method also provides a check on the consistency of the automated Dobson used at Halley after 2018 compared to earlier manual Dobson data, and suggests a significant difference between the two.  The filled Halley dataset provides further support that the Antarctic ozone hole is healing not only during September, but also in January.</p>

scholarly journals On the use of satellite observations to fill gaps in the Halley station total ozone record

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 9829-9838
Author(s):  
Lily N. Zhang ◽  
Susan Solomon ◽  
Kane A. Stone ◽  
Jonathan D. Shanklin ◽  
Joshua D. Eveson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Ozone ◽  
Ozone Hole ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Ice Shelf ◽  
Total Column Ozone ◽  
Antarctic Ozone ◽  
Historic Record ◽  
Column Ozone ◽  
The Antarctic

Abstract. Measurements by the Dobson ozone spectrophotometer at the British Antarctic Survey's (BAS) Halley research station form a record of Antarctic total column ozone that dates back to 1956. Due to its location, length, and completeness, the record has been, and continues to be, uniquely important for studies of long-term changes in Antarctic ozone. However, a crack in the ice shelf on which it resides forced the station to abruptly close in February of 2017, leading to a gap of two ozone hole seasons in its historic record. We develop and test a method for filling in the record of Halley total ozone by combining and adjusting overpass data from a range of different satellite instruments. Comparisons to the Dobson suggest that our method reproduces monthly ground-based total ozone values with an average difference of 1.1 ± 6.2 DU for the satellites used to fill in the 2017–2018 gap. We show that our approach more closely reproduces the Dobson measurements than simply using the raw satellite average or data from a single satellite instrument. The method also provides a check on the consistency of the provisional data from the automated Dobson used at Halley after 2018 with earlier manual Dobson data and suggests that there were likely inconsistencies between the two. The filled Halley dataset provides further support that the Antarctic ozone hole is healing, not only during September but also in January.

scholarly journals Indicators of Antarctic ozone depletion

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 3811-3845 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Bodeker ◽  
H. Shiona ◽  
H. Eskes
Keyword(s):  
Data Base ◽  
Ozone Hole ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Total Column Ozone ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Antarctic Ozone ◽  
Column Ozone ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Total Column ◽  
Antarctic Ozone Hole

Abstract. An assimilated data base of total column ozone measurements from satellites has been used to generate a set of indicators describing attributes of the Antarctic ozone hole for the period 1979 to 2003, including (i) daily measures of the area over Antarctica where ozone levels are below 150DU, below 220DU, more than 30% below 1979 to 1981 norms, and more than 50% below 1979 to 1981 norms, (ii) the date of disappearance of 150DU ozone values, 220DU ozone values, values 30% below 1979 to 1981 norms, and values 50% below 1979 to 1981 norms, for each year, (iii) daily minimum total column ozone values over Antarctica, and (iv) daily values of the ozone mass deficit based on a O3<220DU threshold. The assimilated data base combines satellite-based ozone measurements from 4 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) instruments, 3 different retrievals from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME), and data from 4 Solar Backscatter Ultra-Violet (SBUV) instruments. Comparisons with the global ground-based Dobson spectrophotometer network are used to remove offsets and drifts between the different data sets to produce a global homogeneous data set that combines the advantages of good spatial coverage of satellite data with good long-term stability of ground-based measurements. One potential use of the derived indices is detection of the expected recovery of the Antarctic ozone hole. The suitability of the derived indicators to this task is discussed in the context of their variability and their susceptibility to saturation effects which makes them less responsive to decreasing stratospheric halogen loading. It is also shown that if the corrections required to match recent Earth Probe TOMS measurements to Dobson measurements are not applied, some of the indictors are affected so as to obscure detection of the recovery of the Antarctic ozone hole.

scholarly journals Indicators of Antarctic ozone depletion

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 2603-2615 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Bodeker ◽  
H. Shiona ◽  
H. Eskes
Keyword(s):  
Data Base ◽  
Ozone Hole ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Total Column Ozone ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Antarctic Ozone ◽  
Column Ozone ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Total Column ◽  
Antarctic Ozone Hole

Abstract. An assimilated data base of total column ozone measurements from satellites has been used to generate a set of indicators describing attributes of the Antarctic ozone hole for the period 1979 to 2003, including (i) daily measures of the area over Antarctica where ozone levels are below 150 DU, below 220 DU, more than 30% below 1979 to 1981 norms, and more than 50% below 1979 to 1981 norms, (ii) the date of disappearance of 150 DU ozone values, 220 DU ozone values, values 30% below 1979 to 1981 norms, and values 50% below 1979 to 1981 norms, for each year, (iii) daily minimum total column ozone values over Antarctica, and (iv) daily values of the ozone mass deficit based on a O3<220 DU threshold. The assimilated data base combines satellite-based ozone measurements from 4 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) instruments, 3 different retrievals from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME), and data from 4 Solar Backscatter Ultra-Violet (SBUV) instruments. Comparisons with the global ground-based Dobson spectrophotometer network are used to remove offsets and drifts between the different data sets to produce a global homogeneous data set that combines the advantages of good spatial coverage of satellite data with good long-term stability of ground-based measurements. One potential use of the derived indices is detection of the expected recovery of the Antarctic ozone hole. The suitability of the derived indicators to this task is discussed in the context of their variability and their susceptibility to saturation effects which makes them less responsive to decreasing stratospheric halogen loading. It is also shown that if the corrections required to match recent Earth Probe TOMS measurements to Dobson measurements are not applied, some of the indictors are affected so as to obscure detection of the recovery of the Antarctic ozone hole.

scholarly journals The simulation of the Antarctic ozone hole by chemistry-climate models

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (17) ◽  
pp. 6363-6376 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Struthers ◽  
G. E. Bodeker ◽  
J. Austin ◽  
S. Bekki ◽  
I. Cionni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Models ◽  
Polar Vortex ◽  
Ozone Hole ◽  
Total Column Ozone ◽  
Hole Area ◽  
Antarctic Ozone ◽  
Column Ozone ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Total Column ◽  
Antarctic Ozone Hole

Abstract. While chemistry-climate models are able to reproduce many characteristics of the global total column ozone field and its long-term evolution, they have fared less well in simulating the commonly used diagnostic of the area of the Antarctic ozone hole i.e. the area within the 220 Dobson Unit (DU) contour. Two possible reasons for this are: (1) the underlying Global Climate Model (GCM) does not correctly simulate the size of the polar vortex, and (2) the stratospheric chemistry scheme incorporated into the GCM, and/or the model dynamics, results in systematic biases in the total column ozone fields such that the 220 DU contour is no longer appropriate for delineating the edge of the ozone hole. Both causes are examined here with a view to developing ozone hole area diagnostics that better suit measurement-model inter-comparisons. The interplay between the shape of the meridional mixing barrier at the edge of the vortex and the meridional gradients in total column ozone across the vortex edge is investigated in measurements and in 5 chemistry-climate models (CCMs). Analysis of the simulation of the polar vortex in the CCMs shows that the first of the two possible causes does play a role in some models. This in turn affects the ability of the models to simulate the large observed meridional gradients in total column ozone. The second of the two causes also strongly affects the ability of the CCMs to track the observed size of the ozone hole. It is shown that by applying a common algorithm to the CCMs for selecting a delineating threshold unique to each model, a more appropriate diagnostic of ozone hole area can be generated that shows better agreement with that derived from observations.

scholarly journals Antarctic ozone depletion between 1960 and 1980 in observations and chemistry–climate model simulations

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 15619-15627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Langematz ◽  
Franziska Schmidt ◽  
Markus Kunze ◽  
Gregory E. Bodeker ◽  
Peter Braesicke
Keyword(s):  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Total Column Ozone ◽  
Antarctic Ozone ◽  
Climate Model Simulations ◽  
Ozone Depleting Substances ◽  
Column Ozone ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Total Column

Abstract. The year 1980 has often been used as a benchmark for the return of Antarctic ozone to conditions assumed to be unaffected by emissions of ozone-depleting substances (ODSs), implying that anthropogenic ozone depletion in Antarctica started around 1980. Here, the extent of anthropogenically driven Antarctic ozone depletion prior to 1980 is examined using output from transient chemistry–climate model (CCM) simulations from 1960 to 2000 with prescribed changes of ozone-depleting substance concentrations in conjunction with observations. A regression model is used to attribute CCM modelled and observed changes in Antarctic total column ozone to halogen-driven chemistry prior to 1980. Wintertime Antarctic ozone is strongly affected by dynamical processes that vary in amplitude from year to year and from model to model. However, when the dynamical and chemical impacts on ozone are separated, all models consistently show a long-term, halogen-induced negative trend in Antarctic ozone from 1960 to 1980. The anthropogenically driven ozone loss from 1960 to 1980 ranges between 26.4 ± 3.4 and 49.8 ± 6.2 % of the total anthropogenic ozone depletion from 1960 to 2000. An even stronger ozone decline of 56.4 ± 6.8 % was estimated from ozone observations. This analysis of the observations and simulations from 17 CCMs clarifies that while the return of Antarctic ozone to 1980 values remains a valid milestone, achieving that milestone is not indicative of full recovery of the Antarctic ozone layer from the effects of ODSs.

scholarly journals Indicators of Antarctic ozone depletion: 1979 to 2019

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg E. Bodeker ◽  
Stefanie Kremser
Keyword(s):  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Total Column Ozone ◽  
Secular Variability ◽  
Antarctic Ozone ◽  
Time Changes ◽  
Ozone Depleting Substances ◽  
Winter Time ◽  
Column Ozone ◽  
The Antarctic

Abstract. The National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research/Bodeker Scientific (NIWA-BS) total column ozone (TCO) database, and the associated BS-filled TCO database, have been updated to cover the period 1979 to 2019, bringing both to version 3.5.1 (V3.5.1). The BS-filled database builds on the NIWA-BS database by using a machine-learning algorithm to fill spatial and temporal data gaps to provide gap-free TCO fields over Antarctic. These filled TCO fields then provide a more complete picture of winter-time changes in the ozone layer over Antarctica. The BS-filled database has been used to calculate continuous, homogeneous time series of indicators of Antarctic ozone depletion from 1979 to 2019, including (i) daily values of the ozone mass deficit based on TCO below a 220 DU threshold, (ii) daily measures of the area over Antarctica where TCO levels are below 150 DU, below 220 DU, more than 30 % below 1979 to 1981 climatological means, and more than 50 % below 1979 to 1981 climatological means, (iii) the date of disappearance of 150 DU TCO values, 220 DU TCO values, values 30 % or more below 1979 to 1981 climatological means, and values 50 % or more below 1979 to 1981 climatological means, for each year, and (iv) daily minimum TCO values over the range 75° S to 90° S equivalent latitude. Since both the NIWA-BS and BS-filled databases provide uncertainties on every TCO value, the Antarctic ozone depletion metrics are provided, for the first time, with fully traceable uncertainties. To gain insight into how the vertical distribution of ozone over Antarctica has changed over the past 36 years, ozone concentrations, combined and homogenized from several satellite-based ozone monitoring instruments as well as the global ozonesonde network, were also analysed. A robust attribution to changes in the drivers of long-term secular variability in these metrics has not been performed in this analysis. As a result, statements about the recovery of Antarctic TCO from the effects of ozone depleting substances cannot be made. That said, there are clear indications of a change in trend in many of the metrics reported on here around the turn of the century, close to when Antarctic stratospheric concentrations of chlorine and bromine peaked.

scholarly journals A major event of Antarctic ozone hole influence in southern Brazil in October 2016: an analysis of tropospheric and stratospheric dynamics

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Dornelles Bittencourt ◽  
Caroline Bresciani ◽  
Damaris Kirsch Pinheiro ◽  
José Valentin Bageston ◽  
Nelson Jorge Schuch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Ozone ◽  
Ozone Hole ◽  
Ozone Content ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Pressure System ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
Stratospheric Dynamics ◽  
Antarctic Ozone ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Antarctic Ozone Hole

Abstract. The Antarctic ozone hole is a cyclical phenomenon that occurs during the austral spring where there is a large decrease in ozone content in the Antarctic region. Ozone-poor air mass can be released and leave through the Antarctic ozone hole, thus reaching midlatitude regions. This phenomenon is known as the secondary effect of the Antarctic ozone hole. The objective of this study is to show how tropospheric and stratospheric dynamics behaved during the occurrence of this event. The ozone-poor air mass began to operate in the region on 20 October 2016. A reduction of ozone content of approximately 23 % was observed in relation to the climatology average recorded between 1992 and 2016. The same air mass persisted over the region and a drop of 19.8 % ozone content was observed on 21 October. Evidence of the 2016 event occurred through daily mean measurements of the total ozone column made with a surface instrument (Brewer MkIII no. 167 Spectrophotometer) located at the Southern Space Observatory (29.42∘ S, 53.87∘ W) in São Martinho da Serra, Rio Grande do Sul. Tropospheric dynamic analysis showed a post-frontal high pressure system on 20 and 21 October 2016, with pressure levels at sea level and thickness between 1000 and 500 hPa. Horizontal wind cuts at 250 hPa and omega values at 500 hPa revealed the presence of subtropical jet streams. When these streams were allied with positive omega values at 500 hPa and a high pressure system in southern Brazil and Uruguay, the advance of the ozone-poor air mass that caused intense reductions in total ozone content could be explained. Keywords. Atmospheric composition and structure (middle atmosphere – composition and chemistry)

The Arctic ozone crater in 1989

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 1113-1121
Author(s):  
W. F. J. Evans ◽  
A. E. Walker ◽  
F. E. Bunn
Keyword(s):  
Total Ozone ◽  
Ozone Hole ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Crater Floor ◽  
Circulation Cell ◽  
Tropospheric Circulation ◽  
Antarctic Ozone ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Antarctic Ozone Hole ◽  
Polar Ozone

The presence of a thinned area or craterlike feature in the Arctic polar ozone layer during March, 1986 has been reported previously (Can. J. Phys. 67, 161 (1989)). In this paper the morphology of the reappearance of the crater from January to March, 1989 is described. It appeared over northern Europe in late January and moved over western Canada in late February. The minimum value of ozone in the crater floor had fallen from 300 DU (1 Dobson unit (DU) = 0.01 mm) in 1979 to a new low of less than 200 DU in 1989, which is similar to the thinned total ozone columns observed within the Antarctic ozone hole. Analysis of the available total ozone mapping spectrometer ozone measurements indicates that the crater could be explained by a combination of two mechanisms; a chemical process, which depleted the ozone concentrations at altitudes in the 14–22 km region, and a transport process, which shifted the altitude distribution of ozone upwards such as a vertical circulation cell. Although the Arctic ozone crater is similar in several aspects to the Antarctic ozone hole, there remain several differences; the issue is whether the crater and the hole are manifestations of the same phenomenon. We consider that the Arctic ozone crater is mainly produced by dynamic redistribution driven by tropospheric circulation features.

scholarly journals Measuring the Antarctic ozone hole with the new Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS)

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 2353-2361 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Kramarova ◽  
E. R. Nash ◽  
P. A. Newman ◽  
P. K. Bhartia ◽  
R. D. McPeters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Excellent Agreement ◽  
Vertical Profile ◽  
Total Ozone ◽  
Ozone Hole ◽  
Ozone Concentrations ◽  
The Future ◽  
Antarctic Ozone ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Antarctic Ozone Hole

Abstract. The new Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS), which launched on the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership satellite in October 2011, gives a detailed view of the development of the Antarctic ozone hole and extends the long series of satellite ozone measurements that go back to the early 1970s. OMPS includes two modules – nadir and limb – to measure profile and total ozone concentrations. The new limb module is designed to measure the vertical profile of ozone between the lowermost stratosphere and the mesosphere. The OMPS observations over Antarctica show excellent agreement with the measurements obtained from independent satellite and ground-based instruments. This validation demonstrates that OMPS data can ably extend the ozone time series over Antarctica in the future. The OMPS observations are used to monitor and characterize the evolution of the 2012 Antarctic ozone hole. While large ozone losses were observed in September 2012, a strong ozone rebound occurred in October and November 2012. This ozone rebound is characterized by rapid increases of ozone at mid-stratospheric levels and a splitting of the ozone hole in early November. The 2012 Antarctic ozone hole was the second smallest on record since 1988.

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