scholarly journals Annual exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban environments linked to wintertime wood-burning episodes

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 17865-17883
Author(s):  
Irini Tsiodra ◽  
Georgios Grivas ◽  
Kalliopi Tavernaraki ◽  
Aikaterini Bougiatioti ◽  
Maria Apostolaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Sampling Campaign ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Local Sources ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Abstract. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are organic pollutants in fine particulate matter (PM) long known to have mutagenic and carcinogenic effects, but much is unknown about the importance of local and remote sources for PAH levels observed in population-dense urban environments. A year-long sampling campaign in Athens, Greece, where more than 150 samples were analyzed for 31 PAHs and a wide range of chemical markers, was combined with positive matrix factorization (PMF) to constrain the temporal variability, sources, and carcinogenic risk associated with PAHs. It was found that biomass burning (BB), a source mostly present during wintertime intense pollution events (observed for 18 % of measurement days in 2017), led to wintertime PAH levels that were 7 times higher than in other seasons and was as important for annual mean PAH concentrations (31 %) as diesel and oil (33 %) and gasoline (29 %) sources. The contribution of non-local sources, although limited on an annual basis (7 %), increased during summer, becoming comparable to that of local sources combined. The fraction of PAHs (12 members that were included in the PMF analysis) that was associated with BB was also linked to increased health risk compared to the other sources, accounting for almost half the annual PAH carcinogenic potential (43 %). This can result in a large number of excess cancer cases due to BB-related high PM levels and urges immediate action to reduce residential BB emissions in urban areas facing similar issues.

scholarly journals Annual exposure to PAHs in urban environments linked to wintertime wood-burning episodes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irini Tsiodra ◽  
Georgios Grivas ◽  
Kalliopi Tavernaraki ◽  
Aikaterini Bougiatioti ◽  
Maria Apostolaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Sampling Campaign ◽  
Carcinogenic Potential ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Local Sources ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Abstract. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are organic pollutants in fine particulate matter (PM) long known to have mutagenic and carcinogenic effects, but much is unknown about the importance of local and remote sources to PAH levels observed in population-dense urban environments. A year-long sampling campaign in Athens, Greece, where more than 150 samples were analyzed for 31 PAHs and a wide range of chemical markers were used in combination with Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) to constrain the temporal variability, sources and carcinogenic risk associated with PAHs. We find that biomass burning (BB), a source mostly effective during wintertime intense pollution events (observed for 18 % of measurement days in 2017), lead to wintertime PAH levels 7 times higher than in other seasons and was responsible for annual mean PAH concentrations (31 %) comparable to those from diesel/oil (33 %) and gasoline (29 %) sources. The contribution of non-local sources, although limited on an annual basis (7 %), was increased during summer, becoming comparable to that of local sources combined. The fraction of PAHs associated with BB is linked to increased health risk compared to the other sources, accounting for almost half the annual carcinogenic potential of PAHs (43 %). This can result in a larger number of excess cancer cases due to BB-related high PM levels and urges immediate action to reduce residential BB emissions in urban areas facing similar issues.

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) in Atmospheric Particles (PM2.5 and PM2.5–10): Integrated Evaluation of the Environmental Scenario in Urban Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 232 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessa Maria Ceratti ◽  
Gustavo Marques da Costa ◽  
Darlan Daniel Alves ◽  
Laura Meneguzzi Cansi ◽  
Jessica Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Atmospheric Particles ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

scholarly journals Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Contamination of Flamed and Braised Chickens and Health Risk Assessment in Burkina Faso

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Bazoin Sylvain Raoul Bazié ◽  
Caroline Douny ◽  
Thomas Judicaël Ouilly ◽  
Djidjoho Joseph Hounhouigan ◽  
Aly Savadogo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Fluorescence Detector ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Charcoal- or wood-cooked chicken is a street-vended food in Burkina Faso. In this study, 15 samples of flamed chicken and 13 samples of braised chicken were analyzed for 15 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with a high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector. A face-to-face survey was conducted to assess the consumption profiles of 300 men and 300 women. The health risk was assessed based on the margin of exposure (MOE) principle. BaP (14.95–1.75 μg/kg) and 4PAHs (BaP + Chr + BaA + BbF) (78.46–15.14 μg/kg) were eight and five times more abundant at the median level in flamed chickens than in braised ones, respectively. The contents of BaP and 4PAHs in all flamed chicken samples were above the limits set by the European Commission against 23% for both in braised chickens. Women had the highest maximum daily consumption of both braised (39.65 g/day) and flamed chickens (105.06 g/day). At the estimated maximum level of consumption, women were respectively 3.64 (flamed chicken) and 1.62 (braised chicken) times more exposed to BaP and 4PAHs than men. MOE values ranged between 8140 and 9591 for men and between 2232 and 2629 for women at the maximum level of consumption of flamed chickens, indicating a slight potential carcinogenic risk.

scholarly journals Distribution and Health Risk Assessment on Dietary Exposure of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Vegetables in Nanjing, China

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minmin Wu ◽  
Zhonghuan Xia ◽  
Qianqian Zhang ◽  
Jing Yin ◽  
Yanchi Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Source Analysis ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Critical Limit ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Local Residents

In a market basket study made in Nanjing, China, in which the most common consumed nine kinds of vegetables foodstuffs were sampled, the contents of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed using gas chromatography with mass spectrometer detector (GC-MS). The results showed that the total amount of 16 PAHs was within the range of 60.5~312 ng g−1 (wet weight). The ranking of total concentrations for different types of vegetables in decreasing order was leafy vegetable, fruit vegetable, and rhizome vegetable. Source analysis suggested that coal, oil, or other incomplete combustion of biomass mainly contributed to the concentration of PAHs. The margin of exposure (MOE) approach with age/gender group-specific daily dietary exposure level was used to estimate the carcinogenic risk. The calculated total mean MOE in the case of BaP and PAH4 (sum of BaA, CHR, BbF, and BaP) was 14960 and 7723, respectively, for local residents. In addition, the MOEs in PAH4 for some groups of both male and female were below the critical limit of 10 000 proposed by EFSA. Therefore, health effect owing to the consumption of vegetables on local residents needs high concern.

scholarly journals The Role of Methyl Groups in the Early Stage of Thermal Polymerization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Revealed by Molecular Imaging

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengcheng Chen ◽  
Shadi Fatayer ◽  
Bruno Schuler ◽  
Jordan N. Metz ◽  
Leo Gross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Thermal Polymerization ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Thermal Reactions ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

The initial thermal reactions of aromatic hydrocarbons are relevant to many industrial applications. However, tracking the growing number of heavy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) products is extremely challenging because many reactions are unfolding in parallel from a mixture of molecules. Herein, we studied the reactions of 2,7-dimethylpyrene (DMPY) to decipher the roles of methyl substituents during mild thermal treatment. We found that the presence of methyl substituents is key for reducing the thermal severity required to initiate chemical reactions in natural molecular mixtures. A complex mixture of thermal products including monomers, dimers, and trimers were characterized by NMR, mass spectrometry and non-contact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM). A wide range of structural transformations including methyl transfer and polymerization reactions were identified. A detailed mechanistic understanding was obtained on the roles of H radicals during the polymerization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Monitoring of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Bees (Apis mellifera) and Honey in Urban Areas and Wildlife Reserves

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (16) ◽  
pp. 7440-7444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monia Perugini ◽  
Gabriella Di Serafino ◽  
Alessandra Giacomelli ◽  
Piotr Medrzycki ◽  
Anna Gloria Sabatini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Cancer risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the soil and sediments of Iran: a systematic review study

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshanak Rezaei Kalantary ◽  
Neamatollah Jaafarzadeh ◽  
Mohammad Rezvani Ghalhari ◽  
Mohsen Hesami Arani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Dermal Exposure ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk Assessment ◽  
Accidental Exposure ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are organic pollutants containing several hydrocarbon rings affecting human health according to the published monitoring data. Most of these compounds can be absorbed by the soil and sediments due to the abundance of production resources of these compounds in the soil around the cities and sediments of the Iranian coast. Cancer risk assessment (CRA) is one of the most effective methods for quantifying the potentially harmful effects of PAHs on human health. In this study, the published papers that monitored PAHs in Iran’s soil and sediments were reviewed. The extraction of different data and their equivalent factors were performed according to BaP equivalent, which is the main factor for calculating CRA of PAHs. The highest concentrations of PAHs were found in the sediments of Assaluyeh industrial zones (14,844 μg/kg), Khormousi region (1874.7 μg/kg), and Shadegan wetland (1749.5 μg/kg), respectively. Dermal exposure to sediments was 96% in adults, and 4% in children, and ingestion exposure to sediment was 99% in adults and 99.2% in children. Children dermal exposure to soil was 53%, and the accidental exposure to soil was 47%. In adults, dermal exposure to soil was 96% and the accidental exposure was 4%. The results of the present study indicated a significant, the carcinogenic risk of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in sediments of southern regions and soils of central regions of Iran is significant.

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