scholarly journals Increased Northern Hemispheric carbon monoxide burden in the troposphere in 2002 and 2003 detected from the ground and from space

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 4999-5017 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. N. Yurganov ◽  
P. Duchatelet ◽  
A. V. Dzhola ◽  
D. P. Edwards ◽  
F. Hase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Moderate Resolution ◽  
Northern Hemispheric ◽  
Co Emission ◽  
Total Column

Abstract. Carbon monoxide total column amounts in the atmosphere have been measured in the High Northern Hemisphere (30°–90° N, HNH) between January 2002 and December 2003, based on the analysis of infrared solar spectra recorded with spectrometers of high and moderate resolution. They are compared to ground-level CO mixing ratios and to total column amounts measured from space by the Terra/MOPITT instrument. In comparison to the unperturbed 2000–2001 period, all these databases reveal increased CO abundances in 2002–2003 summer-autumn times, with maximum anomalies observed in September 2002 and August 2003. Using a simple two-box model, the corresponding annual CO emission anomalies have been found equal to 98 Tg in 2002 and 142 Tg in 2003, thus close to those for 1996 and 1998. It is most likely that strong boreal forest fires in the HNH induced the increased CO burdens.

scholarly journals Increased Northern Hemispheric carbon monoxide burden in the troposphere in 2002 and 2003 detected from the ground and from space

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 563-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. N. Yurganov ◽  
P. Duchatelet ◽  
A. V. Dzhola ◽  
D. P. Edwards ◽  
F. Hase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Moderate Resolution ◽  
Northern Hemispheric ◽  
Co Emission ◽  
Total Column

Abstract. Carbon monoxide total column amounts in the atmosphere have been measured in the High Northern Hemisphere (30°-90° N, HNH) between January 2002 and December 2003 using infrared spectrometers of high and moderate resolution and the Sun as a light source. They were compared to ground-level CO mixing ratios and to total column amounts measured from space by the Terra/MOPITT instrument. All these data reveal increased CO abundances in 2002-2003 in comparison to the unperturbed 2000-2001 period. Maximum anomalies were observed in September 2002 and August 2003. Using a simple two-box model, the corresponding annual CO emission anomalies (referenced to 2000-2001 period) have been found equal to 95Tg in 2002 and 130Tg in 2003, thus close to those for 1996 and 1998. A good correlation with hot spots detected by a satellite radiometer allows one to assume strong boreal forest fires, occurred mainly in Russia, as a source of the increased CO burdens.

scholarly journals Forest Fire in East Nusa Tenggara during 2015-2019: Comparison to Forest Fire in Kalimantan and Sumatera

2021 ◽  
Vol 893 (1) ◽  
pp. 012010
Author(s):  
Sumaryati ◽  
D F Andarini ◽  
N Cholianawati ◽  
A Indrawati
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Atmospheric Environment ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Statistical Comparison ◽  
Fire Area ◽  
Total Column

Abstract East Nusa Tenggara is one of the provinces in Indonesia that has big forest fires following some provinces in Kalimantan and Sumatra. However, forest fires in East Nusa Tenggara have less attention in forest fires discussion in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze forest fires in East Nusa Tenggara and their impact on reducing visibility and increasing carbon monoxide (CO) from 2015 to 2019. In this study, hotspot, forest fire area, Oceanic Niño Index, visibility, and CO total column data were used to analyze the forest fires using a statistical comparison method in East Nusa Tenggara, Kalimantan, and Sumatra. The result shows that the number of hotspots in East Nusa Tenggara less than in Kalimantan and Sumatra for the same forest fire area. The forest fires in East Nusa Tenggara do not harm the atmospheric environment significantly. East Nusa Tenggara dominantly consists of savanna areas with no peatland, hence, the forest biomass burning produces less smoke and CO. Furthermore, the forest fire in East Nusa Tenggara has not an impact on decreasing visibility and increasing CO total column, in contrast, visibility in Sumatra and Kalimantan has fallen to 6 km from the annual average, and CO total column rise three times of normal condition during peak fire.

scholarly journals Sources of long-lived atmospheric VOCs at the rural boreal forest site, SMEAR II

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (23) ◽  
pp. 13413-13432 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Patokoski ◽  
T. M. Ruuskanen ◽  
M. K. Kajos ◽  
R. Taipale ◽  
P. Rantala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Proton Transfer Reaction ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Source Areas ◽  
Mixing Ratios

Abstract. In this study a long-term volatile organic compound (VOCs) concentration data set, measured at the SMEAR II (Station for Measuring Ecosystem–Atmosphere Relations) boreal forest site in Hyytiälä, Finland during the years 2006–2011, was analyzed in order to identify source areas and profiles of the observed VOCs. VOC mixing ratios were measured using proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry. Four-day HYSPLIT 4 (Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) backward trajectories and the Unmix 6.0 receptor model were used for source area and source composition analysis. Two major forest fire events in Russia took place during the measurement period. The effect of these fires was clearly visible in the trajectory analysis, lending confidence to the method employed with this data set. Elevated volume mixing ratios (VMRs) of non-biogenic VOCs related to forest fires, e.g. acetonitrile and aromatic VOCs, were observed. Ten major source areas for long-lived VOCs (methanol, acetonitrile, acetaldehyde, acetone, benzene, and toluene) observed at the SMEAR II site were identified. The main source areas for all the targeted VOCs were western Russia, northern Poland, Kaliningrad, and the Baltic countries. Industrial areas in northern continental Europe were also found to be source areas for certain VOCs. Both trajectory and receptor analysis showed that air masses from northern Fennoscandia were less polluted with respect to both the VOCs studied and other trace gases (CO, SO2 and NOx), compared to areas of eastern and western continental Europe, western Russia, and southern Fennoscandia.

scholarly journals Atmospheric hydrogen variations and traffic emissions at an urban site in Finland

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (19) ◽  
pp. 7387-7396 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Aalto ◽  
M. Lallo ◽  
J. Hatakka ◽  
T. Laurila
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Urban Site ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Traffic Emission ◽  
High Hydrogen ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
One Year ◽  
Co Emission

Abstract. Atmospheric hydrogen (H2) mixing ratios were observed over a one year period from summer 2007 to 2008 in Helsinki, Finland. Relatively stable background values of hydrogen were occasionally observed at the site, with minimum in October and maximum between March and May. High hydrogen mixing ratios occurred simultaneously with high carbon monoxide (CO) values and coincided with high traffic flow periods. Carbon monoxide and radon (222Rn) were continuously monitored at the same site and they were used in estimation of the hydrogen emissions from traffic. The morning rush hour slope of ΔH2/ΔCO was in average 0.43±0.03 ppb (H2)/ppb (CO). After correction due to soil deposition of H2 the slope was 0.49±0.07 ppb (H2)/ppb (CO). Using this slope and CO emission statistics, a road traffic emission of about 260 t (H2)/year was estimated for Helsinki in 2007.

scholarly journals Impact of spaceborne carbon monoxide observations from the S-5P platform on tropospheric composition analyses and forecasts

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 1081-1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachid Abida ◽  
Jean-Luc Attié ◽  
Laaziz El Amraoui ◽  
Philippe Ricaud ◽  
William Lahoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Northern Summer ◽  
Free Model ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total Column

Abstract. We use the technique of Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) to quantify the impact of spaceborne carbon monoxide (CO) total column observations from the Sentinel-5 Precursor (S-5P) platform on tropospheric analyses and forecasts. We focus on Europe for the period of northern summer 2003, when there was a severe heat wave episode associated with extremely hot and dry weather conditions. We describe different elements of the OSSE: (i) the nature run (NR), i.e., the truth; (ii) the CO synthetic observations; (iii) the assimilation run (AR), where we assimilate the observations of interest; (iv) the control run (CR), in this study a free model run without assimilation; and (v) efforts to establish the fidelity of the OSSE results. Comparison of the results from AR and the CR, against the NR, shows that CO total column observations from S-5P provide a significant benefit (at the 99 % confidence level) at the surface, with the largest benefit occurring over land in regions far away from emission sources. Furthermore, the S-5P CO total column observations are able to capture phenomena such as the forest fires that occurred in Portugal during northern summer 2003. These results provide evidence of the benefit of S-5P observations for monitoring processes contributing to atmospheric pollution.

scholarly journals On the wintertime low bias of Northern Hemisphere carbon monoxide found in global model simulations

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 9295-9316 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Stein ◽  
M. G. Schultz ◽  
I. Bouarar ◽  
H. Clark ◽  
V. Huijnen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Anthropogenic Emissions ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Boreal Winter ◽  
Model Bias ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Mixing Ratios

Abstract. Despite the developments in the global modelling of chemistry and of the parameterization of the physical processes, carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations remain underestimated during Northern Hemisphere (NH) winter by most state-of-the-art chemistry transport models. The consequential model bias can in principle originate from either an underestimation of CO sources or an overestimation of its sinks. We address both the role of surface sources and sinks with a series of MOZART (Model for Ozone And Related Tracers) model sensitivity studies for the year 2008 and compare our results to observational data from ground-based stations, satellite observations, and vertical profiles from measurements on passenger aircraft. In our base case simulation using MACCity (Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate project) anthropogenic emissions, the near-surface CO mixing ratios are underestimated in the Northern Hemisphere by more than 20 ppb from December to April, with the largest bias of up to 75 ppb over Europe in January. An increase in global biomass burning or biogenic emissions of CO or volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is not able to reduce the annual course of the model bias and yields concentrations over the Southern Hemisphere which are too high. Raising global annual anthropogenic emissions with a simple scaling factor results in overestimations of surface mixing ratios in most regions all year round. Instead, our results indicate that anthropogenic CO and, possibly, VOC emissions in the MACCity inventory are too low for the industrialized countries only during winter and spring. Reasonable agreement with observations can only be achieved if the CO emissions are adjusted seasonally with regionally varying scaling factors. A part of the model bias could also be eliminated by exchanging the original resistance-type dry deposition scheme with a parameterization for CO uptake by oxidation from soil bacteria and microbes, which reduces the boreal winter dry deposition fluxes. The best match to surface observations, satellite retrievals, and aircraft observations was achieved when the modified dry deposition scheme was combined with increased wintertime road traffic emissions over Europe and North America (factors up to 4.5 and 2, respectively). One reason for the apparent underestimation of emissions may be an exaggerated downward trend in the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 scenario in these regions between 2000 and 2010, as this scenario was used to extrapolate the MACCity emissions from their base year 2000. This factor is potentially amplified by a lack of knowledge about the seasonality of emissions. A methane lifetime of 9.7 yr for our basic model and 9.8 yr for the optimized simulation agrees well with current estimates of global OH, but we cannot fully exclude a potential effect from errors in the geographical and seasonal distribution of OH concentrations on the modelled CO.

scholarly journals Sources of long-lived atmospheric VOCs at the rural boreal forest site, SMEAR II

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 14593-14641
Author(s):  
J. Patokoski ◽  
T. M. Ruuskanen ◽  
M. K. Kajos ◽  
R. Taipale ◽  
P. Rantala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Proton Transfer Reaction ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Source Areas ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Baltic Countries

Abstract. In this study a long-term volatile organic compounds (VOCs) data set, measured at the SMEAR II (Station for measuring Ecosystem–Atmosphere Relations) boreal forest site at Hyytiälä, Finland during the years 2006–2011, was investigated. VOC mixing ratios were measured using proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry. Four-day backward trajectories and the Unmix 6.0 receptor model were used for source area and source composition analysis. Two major forest fire events, one in Eastern Europe and one in Russia, took place during the measurement period. The effect of these fires was clearly visible in the trajectory analysis, lending confidence to the method employed with this data set. Elevated volume mixing ratios (VMRs) of non-biogenic VOCs, e.g. acetonitrile and aromatic VOCs, related to forest fires were observed. Ten major source areas for long-lived VOCs (methanol, acetonitrile, acetaldehyde, acetone, benzene and toluene) were identified at the SMEAR II site. The main source areas for all the targeted VOCs were Western Russia, Northern Poland, Kaliningrad and Baltic countries. Industrial areas in Northern Continental Europe were also found to be source areas for certain VOCs. Both trajectory and receptor analysis showed that air masses from Northern Fennoscandia were less polluted with both the VOCs studied and with other trace gases (CO, SO2 and NOx) than areas of Eastern and Western Continental Europe, Western Russia and Southern Fennoscandia.

scholarly journals ACE-FTS observations of pyrogenic trace species in boreal biomass burning plumes during BORTAS

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 31629-31661 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Tereszchuk ◽  
G. González Abad ◽  
C. Clerbaux ◽  
J. Hadji-Lazaro ◽  
D. Hurtmans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Fire Season ◽  
Satellite Measurement ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Trace Species ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. To further our understanding of the effects of biomass burning emissions on atmospheric composition, the Quantifying the impact of BOReal forest fires on Tropospheric oxidants over the Atlantic using Aircraft and Satellites (BORTAS) campaign was conducted on 12 July to 3 August 2011 during the Boreal forest fire season in Canada. The simultaneous aerial, ground and satellite measurement campaign sought to record instances of Boreal biomass burning to measure the tropospheric volume mixing ratios (VMRs) of short- and long-lived trace molecular species from biomass burning emissions. The goal was to investigate the connection between the composition and the distribution of these pyrogenic outflows and their resulting perturbation to atmospheric chemistry, with particular focus on oxidant species to determine the overall impact on the oxidizing capacity of the free troposphere. Measurements of pyrogenic trace species in Boreal biomass burning plumes were made by the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) onboard the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) SCISAT-1 satellite during the BORTAS campaign. Even though most biomass burning smoke is typically confined to the boundary layer, emissions are often injected directly into the upper troposphere via fire-related convective processes, thus allowing space-borne instruments to measure these pyrogenic outflows. An extensive set of 15 molecules, CH3OH, CH4, C2H2, C2H6, C3H6O, CO, HCN, HCOOH, HNO3, H2CO, NO, NO2, OCS, O3 and PAN have been analyzed. Included in this analysis is the calculation of age-dependent sets of enhancement ratios for each of the species.

scholarly journals Atmospheric hydrogen variations and traffic emissions at an urban site in Finland

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 13917-13942 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Aalto ◽  
M. Lallo ◽  
J. Hatakka ◽  
T. Laurila
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Urban Site ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Traffic Emission ◽  
High Hydrogen ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
One Year ◽  
Co Emission

Abstract. Atmospheric hydrogen (H2) mixing ratios were observed over one year period from summer 2007 to 2008 in Helsinki, Finland. Relatively stable background values of hydrogen were occasionally observed at the site, with minimum in October and maximum between March and May. High hydrogen mixing ratios occurred simultaneously with high carbon monoxide (CO) values and coincided with high traffic flow periods. Carbon monoxide and radon (222Rn) were continuously monitored at the same site and they were used in estimation of the hydrogen emissions from traffic. The morning rush hour slope of ΔH2/ΔCO was in average 0.43±0.03 ppb (H2)/ppb(CO). After correction due to soil deposition of H2 the slope was 0.49±0.07 ppb (H2)/ppb(CO). Using this slope and CO emission statistics, a road traffic emission of about 260 t (H2)/year was estimated for Helsinki in 2007.

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