scholarly journals Mass movements in the Rio Grande Valley (Quebrada de Humahuaca, Northwestern Argentina): a methodological approach to reduce the risk

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Marcato ◽  
A. Pasuto ◽  
F. R. Rivelli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Mass Movements ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
Sociological Factors ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Geomorphological Evolution

Abstract. Slope processes such as slides and debris flows, are among the main events that induce effects on the Rio Grande sediment transport capacity. The slides mainly affect the slope of the Rio Grande river basin while debris and mud flows phenomena take place in the tributary valleys. In the past decades several mass movements occurred causing victims and great damages to roads and villages and therefore hazard assessment and risk mitigation is of paramount importance for a correct development of the area. This is also an urgent need since the Quebrada de Humahuaca was recently included in the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage. The growing tourism business may lead to an uncontrolled urbanization of the valley with the consequent enlargement of threatened areas. In this framework mitigation measures have to take into account not only technical aspects related to the physical behaviour of the moving masses but also environmental and sociological factors that could influence the effectiveness of the countermeasures. Mitigation of landslide effects is indeed rather complex because of the large extension of the territory and the particular geological and geomorphological setting. Moreover the necessity to maintain the natural condition of the area as prescribed by UNESCO, make this task even more difficult. Nowadays no in-depth study of the entire area exists, therefore an integrated and multidisciplinary investigation plan is going to be set up including geological and geomorphological investigations as well as archaeological and historical surveys. The better understanding of geomorphological evolution processes of the Quebrada de Humahuaca will bridge the gap between the necessity of preservation and the request of safety keeping of the recommendation by UNESCO.

scholarly journals Debris flood hazard documentation and mitigation on the Tilcara alluvial fan (Quebrada de Humahuaca, Jujuy province, North-West Argentina)

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1873-1882 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Marcato ◽  
G. Bossi ◽  
F. Rivelli ◽  
L. Borgatti
Keyword(s):  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Alluvial Fan ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
North West ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
Debris Flood

Abstract. For some decades, mass wasting processes such as landslides and debris floods have been threatening villages and transportation routes in the Rio Grande Valley, named Quebrada de Humauhuaca. One of the most significant examples is the urban area of Tilcara, built on a large alluvial fan. In recent years, debris flood phenomena have been triggered in the tributary valley of the Huasamayo Stream and reached the alluvial fan on a decadal basis. In view of proper development of the area, hazard and risk assessment together with risk mitigation strategies are of paramount importance. The need is urgent also because the Quebrada de Humahuaca was recently included in the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage. Therefore, the growing tourism industry may lead to uncontrolled exploitation and urbanization of the valley, with a consequent increase of the vulnerability of the elements exposed to risk. In this context, structural and non structural mitigation measures not only have to be based on the understanding of natural processes, but also have to consider environmental and sociological factors that could hinder the effectiveness of the countermeasure works. The hydrogeological processes are described with reference to present-day hazard and risk conditions. Considering the socio-economic context, some possible interventions are outlined, which encompass budget constraints and local practices. One viable solution would be to build a protecting dam upstream of the fan apex and an artificial channel, in order to divert the floodwaters in a gully that would then convey water and sediments into the Rio Grande, some kilometers downstream of Tilcara. The proposed remedial measures should employ easily available and relatively cheap technologies and local workers, incorporating low environmental and visual impacts issues, in order to ensure both the future conservation of the site and its safe exploitation for inhabitants and tourists.

scholarly journals Approach for Assessing Direct Flood Damages

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Lenka Gaňová ◽  
Martina Zeleňáková ◽  
Daniel Słyś ◽  
Pavol Purcz
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Life Assessment ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Eu Directive

Abstract This article presents a methodological approach to flood direct tangible damage - damage to assets and direct intangible damage - environmental damage and loss of life assessment. The assessment of flood risk is an essential part of the risk management approach, which is the conceptual basis for the EU directive 2007/60/ES on the assessment and management of flood risk. The purpose of this directive is to establish a framework for the assessment and management of flood risk, aiming at the reduction of the adverse consequences for human health, the environment, cultural heritage and economic activity associated with flood in the community. Overall, an accurate estimation of negative effects on assets, environment and people is important in order to be able to determine the economy, environmental and social flood risk level in a system and the effects of risk mitigation measures.

Marital Disharmony among Working Couples in Metropolitan Life: an In-depth Study in Kolkata City

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 72-85
Author(s):  
Nilanjana Ghoshal ◽  
Mst Tania Parveen ◽  
Dr Asraful Alam
Keyword(s):  
Functional Method ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Metropolitan Cities ◽  
Urban India ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Working Couples ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The City ◽  
Opposite Gender

In India, traditionally and from time immemorial, marriage has always been a sacred bond for people of this country. The aim of this study is to explain a socially sanctioned sex relationship involving people of two opposite gender whose relationship is expected to endure beyond time required for gestation. The functional method of the study has been set up on the field-based observation to find out the reasons behind rising of marital disharmony among working couples. But the problem is initially in modern times the concept of marriage is gradually taking a different turn between couples. Hence the focus of this paper is to study the various factors giving rise to marital disharmonies among working couples in urban India and how these discords can be solved so that couples can lead a happy harmonious married life ahead. Survey has been done in the city of Kolkata taking people from various walks of life. As Kolkata is one of the major Metropolitan cities of India it was easier to find people belonging to different professions. The result of this study is every marriage brings challenges in life. Maximum working couples are losing attachment with each other as they have lack of time for each other. Bringing work at home, sharing of parenthood, indifference towards each other, lack of adjustments are the causes for which level of disharmony is increasing.

Doctrine and Dialectic in Plato’s Dialogues

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachana Kamtekar
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Set Up

Chapter 1 lays out the methodological approach employed throughout the book, which is to pay attention to the dialectical dependence of what the main speaker in the dialogue says on the intellectual problem(s) set up in the dialogue both by himself and the other speakers. To illustrate, Chapter 1 describes Socrates’ use of the method of hypotheses from the Meno and Phaedo to answer questions that go beyond his claims to knowledge in the Republic.

scholarly journals Travel Demand Prediction during COVID-19 Pandemic: Educational and Working Trips at the University of Padova

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6596
Author(s):  
Riccardo Ceccato ◽  
Riccardo Rossi ◽  
Massimiliano Gastaldi
Keyword(s):  
Travel Demand ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
New Normal ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Demand Prediction ◽  
Travel Decisions ◽  
The University

The diffusion of the COVID-19 pandemic has induced fundamental changes in travel habits. Although many previous authors have analysed factors affecting observed variations in travel demand, only a few works have focused on predictions of future new normal conditions when people will be allowed to decide whether to travel or not, although risk mitigation measures will still be enforced on vehicles, and innovative mobility services will be implemented. In addition, few authors have considered future mandatory trips of students that constitute a great part of everyday travels and are fundamental for the development of society. In this paper, logistic regression models were calibrated by using data from a revealed and stated-preferences mobility survey administered to students and employees at the University of Padova (Italy), to predict variables impacting on their decisions to perform educational and working trips in the new normal phase. Results highlighted that these factors are different between students and employees; furthermore, available travel alternatives and specific risk mitigation measures on vehicles were found to be significant. Moreover, the promotion of the use of bikes, as well as bike sharing, car pooling and micro mobility among students can effectively foster sustainable mobility habits. On the other hand, countermeasures on studying/working places resulted in a slight effect on travel decisions.

Recent technical advancement in natural terrain landslide risk mitigation measures in Hong Kong

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian S H Kwan ◽  
Harris W K Lam ◽  
Charles W W Ng ◽  
Nelson T K Lam ◽  
S L Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Landslide Risk ◽  
Natural Terrain

scholarly journals Quantifying the effectiveness of early warning systems for natural hazards

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sättele ◽  
M. Bründl ◽  
D. Straub
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Integrated Risk ◽  
Framework Approach

Abstract. Early warning systems (EWSs) are increasingly applied as preventive measures within an integrated risk management approach for natural hazards. At present, common standards and detailed guidelines for the evaluation of their effectiveness are lacking. To support decision-makers in the identification of optimal risk mitigation measures, a three-step framework approach for the evaluation of EWSs is presented. The effectiveness is calculated in function of the technical and the inherent reliability of the EWS. The framework is applicable to automated and non-automated EWSs and combinations thereof. To address the specifics and needs of a wide variety of EWS designs, a classification of EWSs is provided, which focuses on the degree of automations encountered in varying EWSs. The framework and its implementation are illustrated through a series of example applications of EWS in an alpine environment.

scholarly journals Recent morphological evolution and slope instability in a hilly area of Piedmont (North Italy)

2000 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giannantonio Bottino ◽  
Giuseppe Mandrone ◽  
Daniela Torta ◽  
Bartolomeo Vigna
Keyword(s):  
Tectonic Evolution ◽  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Slope Instability ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Mass Movements ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Hilly Area ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
The City

In the hilly area of Langa, which is situated to the south of the city of Alba between the Belbo and Bormida Valleys, the heavy rainfall and subsequent floods of 3-6 November 1994 triggered numerous landslides. The slides caused serious damage to residential areas and various types of infrastructure. Engineering geological, geomorphological, geotechnical, hydrogeological, and geophysical methods were applied to investigate the instabilities. Among hundreds of failures, most of them were planar slides and debris-mud flows. However, the numerous landslides directly connected to the event represent only a part of the large and varied types of phenomenon in this area. In fact, most of the recent landslides can be considered as reactivated older ones that were more-or-less quiescent. They intersect at the depth the marly basement and are directly connected to the recent geological and tectonic evolution of the area. The paper describes the mass movements and their causative factors. It also focuses on the hazards and risks associated with the instabilities, and their mitigation measures.

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