Dynamic infrared gas analysis from longleaf pine fuel beds burned in a wind tunnel: observation of phenol in pyrolysis and combustion phases

Abstract. Pyrolysis is the first step in a series of chemical and physical processes that produce flammable organic gases from wildland fuels that can result in a wildland fire. We report results using a new time-resolved Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) method that correlates the measured FTIR spectrum with an infrared thermal image sequence, enabling the identification and quantification of gases within different phases of the fire process. The flame from burning fuel beds composed of pine needles (Pinus palustris) and mixtures of sparkleberry, fetterbush, and inkberry plants was the natural heat source for pyrolysis. Extractive gas samples were analyzed and identified in both static and dynamic modes synchronized to thermal infrared imaging: a total of 29 gases were identified including small alkanes, alkenes, aldehydes, nitrogen compounds, and aromatics, most previously measured by FTIR in wildland fires. This study presents one of the first identifications of phenol associated with both pre-combustion and combustion phases using ca. 1 Hz temporal resolution. Preliminary results indicate ∼2.5× greater phenol emissions from sparkleberry and inkberry compared to fetterbush, with differing temporal profiles.

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Dynamic Infrared Gas Analysis from Longleaf Pine Fuelbeds Burned in a Wind Tunnel: Observation of Phenol in Pyrolysis and Combustion Phases

10.5194/amt-2020-332 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Catherine A. Banach ◽

Olivia N. Williams ◽

Ashley M. Bradley ◽

Russell G. Tonkyn ◽

Joey Chong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infrared Imaging ◽

Wildland Fire ◽

Pinus Palustris ◽

Gas Analysis ◽

Physical Processes ◽

Time Resolved ◽

Thermal Infrared Imaging ◽

Infrared Method ◽

Organic Gases ◽

Temporal Profiles

Abstract. Pyrolysis is the first step in a series of chemical and physical processes that produce flammable organic gases from wildland fuels that can result in a wildland fire. We report results using a new time-resolved Fourier transform infrared method that correlates the measured FTIR spectrum to an infrared thermal image sequence enabling identification and quantification of gases within different phases of the fire process. The flame from burning fuel beds composed of pine needles (Pinus palustris) and mixtures of sparkleberry, fetterbush and inkberry plants was the natural heat source for pyrolysis. Extractive gas samples were analyzed and identified in both static and dynamic modes synchronized to thermal infrared imaging: A total of 29 gases were identified including small alkanes, alkenes, aldehydes, nitrogen compounds and aromatics, most previously measured by FTIR in wildland fires. This study presents one of the first identifications of phenol associated with both pre-combustion and combustion phases, using ca. 1 Hz resolution. Preliminary results indicate ~ 2.5× greater phenol emission from sparkleberry and inkberry compared to fetterbush, with differing temporal profiles.

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Infrared Changes in the Progressive Failure and Stress Distribution of Bolted Rocks

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.337.709 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 337 ◽

pp. 709-712 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yong Jun Zhang ◽

Li Qian An ◽

Nian Jie Ma

Keyword(s):

Infrared Imaging ◽

Progressive Failure ◽

Thermal Infrared ◽

Thermal Image ◽

Experiment Study ◽

Thermal Infrared Imaging ◽

Mechanical Coupling ◽

Temporal Features ◽

Imaging Detection ◽

Thermal Infrared Radiation

In this paper, the thermal infrared radiation (TIR) induced by the interaction between bolt and rock and the mechanism of thermo-mechanical coupling are investigated. The experiment study shows that the TIR radiation caused by stress concentration, strong friction and interaction area between rock and bolt, is much stronger than that caused by stress relaxation and week friction. The bolted ranges with the single bolt and two bolts are determined from the change ratios of TIR temperature of the different areas of the bolted rocks. The bolting effects could be detected by means of thermal infrared imaging detection. The infrared thermal image anomaly appeared bolted rock failure, which reflected the spatial and temporal features of infrared precursor respectively. The infrared thermal image precursor was classified as high-temperature strip and low-temperature strip.

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Use of thermal infrared imaging for monitoring renewed dome growth at Mount St. Helens, 2004

Professional Paper ◽

10.3133/pp175017 ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 347-359 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

David J. Schneider ◽

James W. Vallance ◽

Rick L. Wessels ◽

Matthew Logan ◽

Michael S. Ramsey

Keyword(s):

Infrared Imaging ◽

Thermal Infrared ◽

Thermal Infrared Imaging ◽

Dome Growth ◽

Mount St Helens

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Experimental Research to Evaluate Thermal Behavior of a Brushless Driving Servomotor for Linear Motion NC Axis Experimental Stand

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.762.55 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 762 ◽

pp. 55-60

Author(s):

Georgia Cezara Avram ◽

Florin Adrian Nicolescu ◽

Radu Constantin Parpală ◽

Constantin Dumitrascu

Keyword(s):

Thermal Behavior ◽

Mathematical Models ◽

Experimental Research ◽

Infrared Imaging ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Ball Screw ◽

Linear Motion ◽

Functional Optimization ◽

Thermal Infrared Imaging ◽

Experimental Stand

This paper presents the works carried out by the authors in the field of structural and functional optimization of industrial robot's numerically controlled (NC) axes. The study includes the results obtained in the research stage of the experimental measurements performed to evaluate the electrical servomotor's thermal behavior using a thermal (infrared) imaging camera. The analyzed servomotor is a brushless servomotor integrated in an experimental stand for linear motion NC axis experimental research, existing in the MMS department from EMTS faculty. Supplementary to the driving servomotor, the experimental stand includes a belt drive transmission, a ball screw - bearings assembly and a driven element guided by ball rail system. This experimental research phase is part of the doctoral thesis of first author and was conducted in order to validate the mathematical models developed in the PhD thesis. Thus, experimental results presented in the paper have been used to validate first mathematical models for electric motor's preliminary selection and checking, (performed by determining the total reflected inertia of the mechanical system on motor shaft level) as well as the mathematical models for final selection and checking (by evaluating the servomotor's thermal energy dissipation, and servomotor's internal and external maximum operating temperature). Second, the experimental results have been used to validate the assisted simulation for structural and functional optimization of industrial robot's NC axes based on both servomotor and drive's thermal behavior analysis, performed in the thesis by means of a dedicated commercial software package.

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Fabrication of Lignin-Based Nano Carbon Film-Copper Foil Composite with Enhanced Thermal Conductivity

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano9121681 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1681 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bin Luo ◽

Mingchao Chi ◽

Qingtong Zhang ◽

Mingfu Li ◽

Changzhou Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Conductivity ◽

Thermal Management ◽

Copper Foil ◽

Infrared Imaging ◽

Carbon Film ◽

Composite Films ◽

Annealing Treatment ◽

Thermal Infrared Imaging ◽

Nano Carbon ◽

Enhanced Thermal Conductivity

Technical lignin from pulping, an aromatic polymer with ~59% carbon content, was employed to develop novel lignin-based nano carbon thin film (LCF)-copper foil composite films for thermal management applications. A highly graphitized, nanoscale LCF (~80–100 nm in thickness) was successfully deposited on both sides of copper foil by spin coating followed by annealing treatment at 1000 °C in an argon atmosphere. The conditions of annealing significantly impacted the morphology and graphitization of LCF and the thermal conductivity of LCF-copper foil composite films. The LCF-modified copper foil exhibited an enhanced thermal conductivity of 478 W m−1 K−1 at 333 K, which was 43% higher than the copper foil counterpart. The enhanced thermal conductivity of the composite films compared with that of the copper foil was characterized by thermal infrared imaging. The thermal properties of the copper foil enhanced by LCF reveals its potential applications in the thermal management of advanced electronic products and highlights the potential high-value utility of lignin, the waste of pulping.

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The integration of thermal infrared imaging, discharge measurements and numerical simulation to quantify the relative contributions of freshwater inflows to small estuaries in Atlantic Canada

Hydrological Processes ◽

10.1002/hyp.7383 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 23 (20) ◽

pp. 2847-2859 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Serban Danielescu ◽

Kerry T. B. MacQuarrie ◽

Russell N. Faux

Keyword(s):

Numerical Simulation ◽

Infrared Imaging ◽

Thermal Infrared ◽

Atlantic Canada ◽

Thermal Infrared Imaging ◽

Freshwater Inflows ◽

Discharge Measurements

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Retrieval of sulphur dioxide from a ground-based thermal infrared imaging camera

Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions ◽

10.5194/amtd-7-1153-2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 1153-1211 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. J. Prata ◽

C. Bernardo

Keyword(s):

Column Density ◽

Infrared Imaging ◽

Major Constituent ◽

Full Description ◽

Thermal Imager ◽

So2 Emissions ◽

Camera System ◽

Thermal Infrared Imaging ◽

Imaging Camera ◽

Spectral Channels

Abstract. Recent advances in uncooled detector technology now offer the possibility of using relatively inexpensive thermal (7 to 14 μm) imaging devices as tools for studying and quantifying the behaviour of hazardous gases and particulates in atmospheric plumes. An experimental fast-sampling (60 Hz) ground-based uncooled thermal imager (Cyclops), operating with four spectral channels at central wavelengths of 8.6, 10, 11, and 12 μm and one broadband channel (7–14 μm), has been tested at several volcanoes and at two industrial sites, where SO2 was a major constituent of the plumes. This paper presents new algorithms, which include atmospheric corrections to the data and better calibrations to show that SO2 slant column density can be reliably detected and quantified. Our results indicate that it is relatively easy to identify and discriminate SO2 in plumes, but more challenging to quantify the column densities. A full description of the retrieval algorithms, illustrative results and a detailed error analysis are provided. The Noise-Equivalent Temperature Difference (NEΔT) of the spectral channels, a fundamental measure of the quality of the measurements, lies between 0.4–0.8 K, resulting in slant column density errors of 20%. Frame averaging and improved NEΔT's can reduce this error to less than 10%, making a stand-off, day or night operation of an instrument of this type very practical for both monitoring industrial SO2 emissions and for SO2 column densities and emission measurements at active volcanoes. The imaging camera system may also be used to study thermal radiation from meteorological clouds and from the atmosphere.

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