scholarly journals The use of QBO, ENSO and NAO perturbations in the evaluation of GOME-2/MetopA total ozone measurements

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kostas Eleftheratos ◽  
Christos S. Zerefos ◽  
Dimitris S. Balis ◽  
Maria-Elissavet Koukouli ◽  
John Kapsomenakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
Total Ozone ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Quasi Biennial Oscillation ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Ozone Data ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. In this work we present evidence that quasi cyclical perturbations in total ozone (Quasi Biennial Oscillation (QBO), El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)) can be used as independent proxies in validating Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 aboard MetopA (GOME-2A) satellite total ozone data, using ground-based measurements, other satellite data and chemical transport model calculations. The analysis is performed in the frame of the validation strategy on longer time scales within the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Composition Monitoring (AC SAF) project, and covers the period 2007–2016. In general, we find that GOME-2A total ozone data depict the QBO/ENSO/NAO natural fluctuations in concurrence with co-located Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Radiometer (SBUV), GOME-type Total Ozone Essential Climate Variable (GTO-ECV) and ground-based (GB) observations. Total ozone from GOME-2A is well correlated with the QBO (highest correlation in the tropics of +0.8) in agreement with SBUV, GTO-ECV and GB data which also give the highest correlation in the tropics. The differences between deseazonalised GOME-2A and GB total ozone in the tropics are within ±1 %. These differences were tested further as to their correlations with the QBO. The differences had practically no QBO signal, providing an independent test of the stability of the long-term variability of the satellite data. Correlations between GOME-2A total ozone and the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) were studied over the tropical Pacific Ocean after removing seasonal and QBO related variability. Correlations between ozone and SOI are the order of +0.6, in consistency with SBUV and GB observations. Differences between GOME-2A and GB measurements at the station of Samoa (American Samoa; 14.25° S, 170.6° W) are within ±1.5 %. We also studied the impact of NAO on total ozone in the northern mid-latitudes in winter. We find very good agreement between GOME-2A and GB observations over Canada and Europe as to their NAO-related variability, with mean differences reaching the ±1 % levels. The agreement and small differences which were found between the independently produced total ozone data sets as to the influence of QBO, ENSO and NAO show the importance of these climatological proxies as additional tool for monitoring the long-term stability of satellite-ground truth biases.

scholarly journals The use of QBO, ENSO, and NAO perturbations in the evaluation of GOME-2 MetOp A total ozone measurements

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 987-1011
Author(s):  
Kostas Eleftheratos ◽  
Christos S. Zerefos ◽  
Dimitris S. Balis ◽  
Maria-Elissavet Koukouli ◽  
John Kapsomenakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
Total Ozone ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Ozone Data ◽  
Ozone Monitoring ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. In this work we present evidence that quasi-cyclical perturbations in total ozone (quasi-biennial oscillation – QBO, El Niño–Southern Oscillation – ENSO, and North Atlantic Oscillation – NAO) can be used as independent proxies in evaluating Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) 2 aboard MetOp A (GOME-2A) satellite total ozone data, using ground-based (GB) measurements, other satellite data, and chemical transport model calculations. The analysis is performed in the frame of the validation strategy on longer time scales within the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Composition Monitoring (AC SAF) project, covering the period 2007–2016. Comparison of GOME-2A total ozone with ground observations shows mean differences of about -0.7±1.4 % in the tropics (0–30∘), about +0.1±2.1 % in the mid-latitudes (30–60∘), and about +2.5±3.2 % and 0.0±4.3 % over the northern and southern high latitudes (60–80∘), respectively. In general, we find that GOME-2A total ozone data depict the QBO–ENSO–NAO natural fluctuations in concurrence with the co-located solar backscatter ultraviolet radiometer (SBUV), GOME-type Total Ozone Essential Climate Variable (GTO-ECV; composed of total ozone observations from GOME, SCIAMACHY – SCanning Imaging Absorption SpectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY, GOME-2A, and OMI – ozone monitoring instrument, combined into one homogeneous time series), and ground-based observations. Total ozone from GOME-2A is well correlated with the QBO (highest correlation in the tropics of +0.8) in agreement with SBUV, GTO-ECV, and GB data which also give the highest correlation in the tropics. The differences between deseazonalized GOME-2A and GB total ozone in the tropics are within ±1 %. These differences were tested further as to their correlations with the QBO. The differences had practically no QBO signal, providing an independent test of the stability of the long-term variability of the satellite data. Correlations between GOME-2A total ozone and the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) were studied over the tropical Pacific Ocean after removing seasonal, QBO, and solar-cycle-related variability. Correlations between ozone and the SOI are on the order of +0.5, consistent with SBUV and GB observations. Differences between GOME-2A and GB measurements at the station of Samoa (American Samoa; 14.25∘ S, 170.6∘ W) are within ±1.9 %. We also studied the impact of the NAO on total ozone in the northern mid-latitudes in winter. We find very good agreement between GOME-2A and GB observations over Canada and Europe as to their NAO-related variability, with mean differences reaching the ±1 % levels. The agreement and small differences which were found between the independently produced total ozone datasets as to the influence of the QBO, ENSO, and NAO show the importance of these climatological proxies as additional tool for monitoring the long-term stability of satellite–ground-truth biases.

scholarly journals Analysis of laminated structure in ozone vertical profiles in central Europe

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 744-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mlch ◽  
J. Lasutovicuka
Keyword(s):  
Total Ozone ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Negative Trend ◽  
Ozone Content ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Quasi Biennial Oscillation ◽  
Circulation Patterns ◽  
Long Term Changes

Abstract. Using statistical techniques, we study the relationship between the long-term changes in the laminar structure of the ozone vertical profile at two central-European stations - Hohenpeissenberg and Lindenberg - and other quantities potentially affecting the state of the lower stratosphere, and total-ozone content. We consider only positive laminae greater than 30 nbar. Laminae contribute non-negligibly to total ozone, and this contribution varies strongly with season. The maximum laminae-occurrence frequency in late winter/early spring is five-times higher than the minimum in early autumn. The main result of the paper is the discovery of a strong negative trend in the frequency of laminae occurrence, about –15% per decade, and even a slightly stronger negative trend in ozone content in laminae. Strong negative trends in laminae occurrence imply negative changes in total ozone as well. No pronounced effect of the quasi-biennial oscillation and solar cycle on laminae was found, whereas the 100-hPa temperature had a clear effect, and there was an indication of substantial effects of volcanic eruptions and El Niño southern oscillation events. Long-term changes in individual time series of meteorological parameters measured over Hohenpeissenberg do not indicate their significant role in the observed trend in laminae occurrence. On the other hand, there is some increase in the occurrence of very zonal circulation patterns, as well as slight decrease in very meridional circulation patterns. Together with other indications this allows us to say that dynamical effects are expected to be a principal contributor. Thus changes in laminae occurrence will probably be able to serve as an indicator/tracer of long-term changes in lower-stratospheric dynamics.

scholarly journals Search for evidence of trend slow-down in the long-term TOMS/SBUV total ozone data record: the importance of instrument drift uncertainty and fingerprint detection

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 3883-3912 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Stolarski ◽  
S. Frith
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Total Ozone ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Ozone Data ◽  
Cusum Analysis ◽  
Statistical Time ◽  
Instrumental Drift ◽  
Drift Uncertainty

Abstract. We have developed a merged ozone data (MOD) data set for the period October 1978 through October 2005 combining total ozone measurements (version 8 retrieval) from the TOMS (Nimbus 7, Meteor 3, and Earth Probe) and SBUV/SBUV2 (Nimbus 7, NOAA 9/11/16) series of satellite instruments. We use MOD to search for evidence of ozone recovery in response to the observed leveling off of chlorine compounds in the stratosphere. A crucial step in any time series analysis is the evaluation of uncertainties. In addition to the standard statistical time-series uncertainties, we evaluate the possible instrumental drift uncertainty for the MOD data set. We combine these two sources of uncertainty and apply them to a cumulative sum of residuals (CUSUM) analysis for trend slow-down. For the quasi-global mean between 60° S and 60° N, the apparent slow-down in trend is found to be clearly significant if instrument uncertainties are ignored. When instrument uncertainties are added, the slow-down becomes marginally significant at the 2σ level. For the mid-latitudes of the northern hemisphere (30° to 60° N) the trend slow-down is significant. For the mid-latitudes of the southern hemisphere (30° to 60° S) it is not significant. The fingerprint of ozone recovery expected from model calculations suggests both northern and southern mid-latitude total ozone levels should recover together. Our result fails this fingerprint test and is therefore not a demonstration of the response of total ozone to the leveling off of chlorine.

scholarly journals Climatology and Long-Term Trends in the Stratospheric Temperature and Wind Using ERA5

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 4923
Author(s):  
Michal Kozubek ◽  
Jan Laštovička ◽  
Radek Zajicek
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Quasi Biennial Oscillation ◽  
Stratospheric Temperature ◽  
Wind Climatology ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Biennial Oscillation

This study analyses long-term trends in temperature and wind climatology based on ERA5 data. We study climatology and trends separately for every decade from 1980 to 2020 and their changes during this period. This study is focused on the pressure levels between 100–1 hPa, which essentially covers the whole stratosphere. We also analyze the impact of the sudden stratospheric warmings (SSW), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO). This helps us to find details of climatology and trend behavior in the stratosphere in connection to these phenomena. ERA5 is one of the newest reanalysis, which is widely used for the middle atmosphere. We identify the largest differences which occur between 1990–2000 and 2000–2010 in both temperature climatology and trends. We suggest that these differences could relate to the different occurrence frequency of SSWs in 1990–2000 versus 2000–2010.

scholarly journals A global historical ozone data set and signatures of El Niño and the 11-yr solar cycle

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 7767-7809
Author(s):  
S. Brönnimann ◽  
J. Bhend ◽  
J. Franke ◽  
S. Flückiger ◽  
A. M. Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cycle ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Total Ozone ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Observation Error ◽  
Quasi Biennial Oscillation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Ozone Data ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Abstract. We present a vertically resolved (with pressure as the vertical coordinate) zonal mean monthly mean global ozone data set spanning the period 1900 to 2008, called HISTOZ.1.0. It is based on a new approach that combines information from an ensemble of chemistry climate model (CCM) simulations with historical total ozone information. The CCM simulations incorporate important external drivers of stratospheric chemistry and dynamics (in particular solar and volcanic effects, greenhouse gases and ozone depleting substances, sea-surface temperatures, and the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation). The historical total ozone observations include ground-based measurements from the 1920s onward and satellite observations from 1970 to 1976. An off-line data assimilation approach (Ensemble Square Root Filter) is used to combine model simulations, observations, and information on the observation error. The period starting in 1979 was used for validation with existing ozone data sets and therefore only ground-based measurements were assimilated. Results demonstrate considerable skill from the CCM simulations alone. While the observations provide little additional skill at the full spatio-temporal resolution, they do increase the skill at lower spatio-temporal resolutions and specifically for total ozone. Analyses of HISTOZ.1.0 with respect to the effects of El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and of the 11 yr solar cycle on stratospheric ozone from 1934 to 1979 qualitatively confirm previous studies that focussed on the post-1979 period. However, a more pronounced effect of ENSO and slightly weaker effect of the 11 yr solar cycle are found in the earlier period. Several possible future improvements of HISTOZ.1.0 are discussed.

scholarly journals Variability of the total ozone trend over Europe for the period 1950–2004 derived from reconstructed data

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 2847-2857 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Krzyścin ◽  
J. L. Borkowski
Keyword(s):  
Total Ozone ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Smooth Curve ◽  
Ozone Level ◽  
Svalbard Archipelago ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Ozone Data ◽  
Curve Fit ◽  
Long Term Changes

Abstract. The total ozone data over Europe are available for only few ground-based stations in the pre-satellite era disallowing examination of the spatial trend variability over the whole continent. A need of having gridded ozone data for a trend analysis and input to radiative transfer models stimulated a reconstruction of the daily ozone values since January 1950. Description of the reconstruction model and its validation were a subject of our previous paper. The data base used was built within the objectives of the COST action 726 "Long-term changes and climatology of UV radiation over Europe". Here we focus on trend analyses. The long-term variability of total ozone is discussed using results of a flexible trend model applied to the reconstructed total ozone data for the period 1950–2004. The trend pattern, which comprises both anthropogenic and "natural" component, is not a priori assumed but it comes from a smooth curve fit to the zonal monthly means and monthly grid values. The ozone long-term changes are calculated separately for cold (October–next year April) and warm (May–September) seasons. The confidence intervals for the estimated ozone changes are derived by the block bootstrapping. The statistically significant negative trends are found almost over the whole Europe only in the period 1985–1994. Negative trends up to −3% per decade appeared over small areas in earlier periods when the anthropogenic forcing on the ozone layer was weak . The statistically positive trends are found only during warm seasons 1995–2004 over Svalbard archipelago. The reduction of ozone level in 2004 relative to that before the satellite era is not dramatic, i.e., up to ~−5% and ~−3.5% in the cold and warm subperiod, respectively. Present ozone level is still depleted over many popular resorts in southern Europe and northern Africa. For high latitude regions the trend overturning could be inferred in last decade (1995–2004) as the ozone depleted areas are not found there in 2004 in spite of substantial ozone depletion in the period 1985–1994.

scholarly journals Seasonal impact of biogenic VSL bromine on the evolution of mid-latitude lowermost stratospheric ozone during the 21<sup>st</sup> century

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javer A. Barrera ◽  
Rafael P. Fernandez ◽  
Fernando Iglesias-Suarez ◽  
Carlos A. Cuevas ◽  
Jean-Francois Lamarque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Total Ozone ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Total Ozone Column ◽  
Seasonal Impact ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ozone Column ◽  
Modelling Study

Abstract. Biogenic very short-lived bromine (VSLBr) represents, nowadays, ~ 25 % of the total stratospheric bromine loading. Owing to their much shorter lifetime compared to anthropogenic long-lived bromine (LLBr, e.g., halons) and chlorine (LLCl, e.g., chlorofluorocarbons) substances, the impact of VSLBr on ozone peaks at the extratropical lowermost stratosphere, a key climatic and radiative atmospheric region. Here we present a modelling study of the evolution of stratospheric ozone and its chemical losses in extra-polar regions during the 21st century, under two different scenarios: considering and neglecting the additional stratospheric injection of 5 ppt biogenic VSLBr naturally released from the ocean. Our analysis shows that the inclusion of VSLBr result in a realistic stratospheric bromine loading and improves the quantitative 1980–2015 model-satellite agreement of total ozone column (TOC) in the mid-latitudes. We show that the overall ozone response to VSLBr within the mid-latitudes follows the stratospheric abundances evolution of long-lived inorganic chlorine and bromine throughout the 21st century. Additional ozone losses due to VSLBr are maximised during the present-day period (1990–2010), with TOC differences of −8 DU (−3 %) and −5.5 DU (−2 %) for the southern (SH-ML) and northern (NH-ML) mid-latitudes, respectively. Moreover, the projected TOC differences at the end of the 21st century are at least half of the values found for the present-day period. In the tropics, a small (

scholarly journals Six years of total ozone column measurements from SCIAMACHY nadir observations

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lerot ◽  
M. Van Roozendael ◽  
J. van Geffen ◽  
J. van Gent ◽  
C. Fayt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Total Ozone ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Ozone Data ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
German Aerospace ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Total O3 columns have been retrieved from six years of SCIAMACHY nadir UV radiance measurements using SDOAS, an adaptation of the GDOAS algorithm previously developed at BIRA-IASB for the GOME instrument. GDOAS and SDOAS have been implemented by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in the version 4 of the GOME Data Processor (GDP) and in version 3 of the SCIAMACHY Ground Processor (SGP), respectively. The processors are being run at the DLR processing centre on behalf of the European Space Agency (ESA). We first focus on the description of the SDOAS algorithm with particular attention to the impact of uncertainties on the reference O3 absorption cross-sections. Second, the resulting SCIAMACHY total ozone data set is globally evaluated through large-scale comparisons with results from GOME and OMI as well as with ground-based correlative measurements. The various total ozone data sets are found to agree within 2% on average. However, a negative trend of 0.2–0.4%/year has been identified in the SCIAMACHY O3 columns; this probably originates from instrumental degradation effects that have not yet been fully characterized.

scholarly journals Global and long-term comparison of SCIAMACHY limb ozone profiles with correlative satellite data (2002–2008)

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 4867-4910
Author(s):  
S. Mieruch ◽  
M. Weber ◽  
C. von Savigny ◽  
A. Rozanov ◽  
H. Bovensmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
Convective Cloud ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Statistical Hypothesis ◽  
Systematic Bias ◽  
Statistical Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Trend Model ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Linear Trends

Abstract. SCIAMACHY limb scatter ozone profiles from 2002 to 2008 have been compared with MLS (2005–2008), SABER (2002–2008), SAGE II (2002–2005), HALOE (2002–2005) and ACE-FTS (2004–2008) measurements. The comparison is performed for global zonal averages and heights from 10 to 50 km in one km steps. The validation was performed by comparing monthly mean zonal means and by comparing averages over collocated profiles within a zonal band and month. Both approaches yield similar results. For most of the stratosphere SCIAMACHY agrees to within 10 % or better with other correlative data. A systematic bias of SCIAMACHY ozone of up to 100 % between 10 and 20 km in the tropics points to some remaining issues with regard to convective cloud interference. Statistical hypothesis testing reveals at which altitudes and in which region differences between SCIAMACHY and other satellite data are statistically significant. We also estimated linear trends from monthly mean data for different periods where SCIAMACHY has common observations with other satellite data using a classical trend model with QBO and seasonal terms in order to draw conclusions on potential instrumental drifts as a function of latitude and altitude. SCIAMACHY exhibits a statistically significant negative trend in the range of of about 1–3 % per year depending on latitude during the period 2002–2005 (overlapping with HALOE and SAGE II) and somewhat less during 2002–2008 (overlapping with SABER) in the altitude range of 30–40 km, while in the period 2004–2008 (overlapping with MLS and ACE-FTS) no significant trends are observed. The statistically significant negative trends only observed with SCIAMACHY data point at some residual effects from errors in the tangent height registration.

scholarly journals Tropical troposphere to stratosphere transport of carbon monoxide and long-lived trace species in the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS)

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 5087-5139 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pommrich ◽  
R. Müller ◽  
J.-U. Grooß ◽  
P. Konopka ◽  
F. Ploeger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Lagrangian Model ◽  
Quasi Biennial Oscillation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Model Version ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract. Variations in the mixing ratio of trace gases of tropospheric origin entering the stratosphere in the tropics are of interest for assessing both troposphere to stratosphere transport fluxes in the tropics and the impact of these transport fluxes on the composition of the tropical lower stratosphere. Anomaly patterns of carbon monoxide (CO) and long-lived tracers in the lower tropical stratosphere allow conclusions about the rate and the variability of tropical upwelling to be drawn. Here, we present a simplified chemistry scheme for the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) for the simulation, at comparatively low numerical cost, of CO, ozone, and long-lived trace substances (CH4, N2O, CCl3F (CFC-11), CCl2F2 (CFC-12), and CO2) in the lower tropical stratosphere. For the long-lived trace substances, the boundary conditions at the surface are prescribed based on ground-based measurements in the lowest model level. The boundary condition for CO in the free troposphere is deduced from MOPITT measurements (at &amp;approx; 700–200 hPa). Due to the lack of a specific representation of mixing and convective uplift in the troposphere in this model version, enhanced CO values, in particular those resulting from convective outflow are underestimated. However, in the tropical tropopause layer and the lower tropical stratosphere, there is relatively good agreement of simulated CO with in-situ measurements (with the exception of the TROCCINOX campaign, where CO in the simulation is biased low &amp;approx; 10–20 ppbv). Further, the model results are of sufficient quality to describe large scale anomaly patterns of CO in the lower stratosphere. In particular, the zonally averaged tropical CO anomaly patterns (the so called "tape recorder" patterns) simulated by this model version of CLaMS are in good agreement with observations. The simulations show a too rapid upwelling compared to observations as a consequence of the overestimated vertical velocities in the ERA-interim reanalysis data set. Moreover, the simulated tropical anomaly patterns of N2O are in good agreement with observations. In the simulations, anomaly patterns for CH4 and CFC-11 were found to be consistent with those of N2O; for all long-lived tracers, positive anomalies are simulated because of the enhanced tropical upwelling in the easterly phase of the quasi-biennial oscillation.

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