scholarly journals Retrieval of desert dust aerosol vertical profiles from IASI measurements in the TIR atmospheric window

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 4511-4550
Author(s):  
S. Vandenbussche ◽  
S. Kochenova ◽  
A. C. Vandaele ◽  
N. Kumps ◽  
M. De Mazière
Keyword(s):  
Optical Depth ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Vertical Profiles ◽  
Desert Dust ◽  
Dust Aerosols ◽  
Infrared Measurements

Abstract. Desert dust aerosols are the most prominent tropospheric aerosols, playing an important role in the Earth's climate. However, their radiative forcing is currently not known with sufficient precision to even determine its sign. The sources of uncertainty are multiple, one of them being a poor characterisation of dust aerosols vertical profile on a global scale. In this work, we tackle this scientific issue by designing a method for retrieving dust aerosols vertical profiles from Thermal Infrared measurements by IASI instruments onboard the Metop satellite series. IASI offers almost global coverage twice a day, and long (past and future) time series of radiances, being therefore extremely well-suited for climate studies. Our retrieval follows Rodger's formalism and is based on a two-steps approach, treating separately the issues of low altitude sensitivity and of difficult a priori definition. We compare our results for a selected test-case, above the Atlantic Ocean and North Africa in June 2009, with optical depth data from MODIS, aerosol absorbing index from GOME-2 and OMI, and vertical profiles of extinction coefficients from CALIOP. We also use literature information on desert dust sources to interpret our results above land. Our retrievals provide perfectly reasonable results in terms of optical depth. The retrieved vertical profiles (with on average 1.5 degrees of freedom) show most of the time sensitivity down to the lowest layer, and agree well with CALIOP extinction profiles for medium to high dust optical depth. We conclude that this new method is extremely promising for improving the scientific knowledge about the 3-D distribution of desert dust aerosols in the atmosphere.

scholarly journals Retrieval of desert dust aerosol vertical profiles from IASI measurements in the TIR atmospheric window

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 2577-2591 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Vandenbussche ◽  
S. Kochenova ◽  
A. C. Vandaele ◽  
N. Kumps ◽  
M. De Mazière
Keyword(s):  
Optical Depth ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Dust Aerosol ◽  
Vertical Profiles ◽  
Desert Dust ◽  
Dust Aerosols ◽  
Infrared Measurements

Abstract. Desert dust aerosols are the most prominent tropospheric aerosols, playing an important role in the earth's climate. However, their radiative forcing is currently not known with sufficient precision to even determine its sign. The sources of uncertainty are multiple, one of them being a poor characterisation of the dust aerosol's vertical profile on a global scale. In this work, we tackle this scientific issue by designing a method for retrieving dust aerosol vertical profiles from Thermal Infrared measurements by Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) instruments onboard the Metop satellite series. IASI offers almost global coverage twice a day, and long (past and future) time series of radiances, therefore being extremely well suited for climate studies. Our retrieval follows Rodger's formalism and is based on a two-step approach, treating separately the issues of low altitude sensitivity and difficult a priori definition. We compare our results for a selected test case above the Atlantic Ocean and North Africa in June 2009, with optical depth data from MODIS, aerosol absorbing index from GOME-2 and OMI, and vertical profiles of extinction coefficients from CALIOP. We also use literature information on desert dust sources to interpret our results above land. Our retrievals provide perfectly reasonable results in terms of optical depth. The retrieved vertical profiles (with on average 1.5 degrees of freedom) show most of the time sensitivity down to the lowest layer, and agree well with CALIOP extinction profiles for medium to high dust optical depth. We conclude that this new method is extremely promising for improving the scientific knowledge about the 3-D distribution of desert dust aerosols in the atmosphere.

scholarly journals 9-year spatial and temporal evolution of desert dust aerosols over South-East Asia as revealed by CALIOP

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanouil Proestakis ◽  
Vassilis Amiridis ◽  
Eleni Marinou ◽  
Aristeidis K. Georgoulias ◽  
Stavros Solomos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Aerosol Optical Depth ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Dust Aerosol ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Desert Dust ◽  
Dust Aerosols ◽  
Se Asia

Abstract. We present a 3-D climatology of the desert dust distribution over South-East Asia derived using CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation) data. To distinguish desert dust from total aerosol load we apply a methodology developed in the framework of EARLINET (European Aerosol Research Lidar Network), the particle linear depolarization ratio and updated lidar ratio values suitable for Asian dust, on multiyear CALIPSO observations (01/2007–12/2015). The resulting dust product provides information on the horizontal and vertical distribution of dust aerosols over SE (South-East) Asia along with the seasonal transition of dust transport pathways. Persistent high D_AOD (Dust Aerosol Optical Depth) values, of the order of 0.6, are present over the arid and semi-arid desert regions. Dust aerosol transport (range, height and intensity) is subject to high seasonality, with highest values observed during spring for northern China (Taklimakan/Gobi deserts) and during summer over the Indian subcontinent (Thar Desert). Additionally we decompose the CALIPSO AOD (Aerosol Optical Depth) into dust and non-dust aerosol components to reveal the non-dust AOD over the highly industrialized and densely populated regions of SE Asia, where the non-dust aerosols yield AOD values of the order of 0.5. Furthermore, the CALIPSO-based short-term AOD and D_AOD time series and trends between 01/2007 and 12/2015 are calculated over SE Asia and over selected sub-regions. Positive trends are observed over northwest and east China and the Indian subcontinent, whereas over southeast China are mostly negative. The calculated AOD trends agree well with the trends derived from Aqua/MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), although significant differences are observed over specific regions.

scholarly journals Nine-year spatial and temporal evolution of desert dust aerosols over South and East Asia as revealed by CALIOP

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 1337-1362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanouil Proestakis ◽  
Vassilis Amiridis ◽  
Eleni Marinou ◽  
Aristeidis K. Georgoulias ◽  
Stavros Solomos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Aerosol Optical Depth ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Dust Aerosol ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Transport Pathways ◽  
Desert Dust ◽  
Dust Aerosols

Abstract. We present a 3-D climatology of the desert dust distribution over South and East Asia derived using CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation) data. To distinguish desert dust from total aerosol load we apply a methodology developed in the framework of EARLINET (European Aerosol Research Lidar Network). The method involves the use of the particle linear depolarization ratio and updated lidar ratio values suitable for Asian dust, applied to multiyear CALIPSO observations (January 2007–December 2015). The resulting dust product provides information on the horizontal and vertical distribution of dust aerosols over South and East Asia along with the seasonal transition of dust transport pathways. Persistent high D_AOD (dust aerosol optical depth) values at 532 nm, of the order of 0.6, are present over the arid and semi-arid desert regions. Dust aerosol transport (range, height and intensity) is subject to high seasonality, with the highest values observed during spring for northern China (Taklimakan and Gobi deserts) and during summer over the Indian subcontinent (Thar Desert). Additionally, we decompose the CALIPSO AOD (aerosol optical depth) into dust and non-dust aerosol components to reveal the non-dust AOD over the highly industrialized and densely populated regions of South and East Asia, where the non-dust aerosols yield AOD values of the order of 0.5. Furthermore, the CALIPSO-based short-term AOD and D_AOD time series and trends between January 2007 and December 2015 are calculated over South and East Asia and over selected subregions. Positive trends are observed over northwest and east China and the Indian subcontinent, whereas over southeast China trends are mostly negative. The calculated AOD trends agree well with the trends derived from Aqua MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), although significant differences are observed over specific regions.

scholarly journals Modelling of nitrate and ammonium-containing aerosols in presence of sea salt

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 4809-4821 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Myhre ◽  
A. Grini ◽  
S. Metzger
Keyword(s):  
Aerosol Optical Depth ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Meteorological Condition ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Sea Salt ◽  
Aerosol Composition ◽  
Fine Mode ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract. A thermodynamical model for treatment of gas/aerosol partitioning of semi volatile inorganic aerosols has been implemented in a global chemistry and aerosol transport model (Oslo CTM2). The sulphur cycle and sea salt particles have been implemented earlier in the Oslo CTM2 and the focus of this study is on nitrate partitioning to the aerosol phase and if particulate nitrate is expected to form in fine or coarse mode aerosols. Modelling of the formation of fine mode nitrate particles is complicated since it depends on other aerosol components and aerosol precursors as well as meteorological condition. The surface concentrations from the model are compared to observed surface concentrations at around 20 sites around Europe for nitrate and ammonium. The agreement for nitrate is good but the modelled values are somewhat underestimated compared to observations at high concentrations, whereas for ammonium the agreement is very good. However, we underscore that such a comparison is not of large importance for the aerosol optical depth of particulate nitrate since the vertical profile of aerosol components and their precursors are so important. Fine mode nitrate formation depends on vertical profiles of both ammonia/ammonium and sulphate. The model results show that fine mode particulate nitrate play a non-negligible role in the total aerosol composition in certain industrialized regions and therefore have a significant local radiative forcing. On a global scale the aerosol optical depth of fine mode nitrate is relatively small due to limited availability of ammonia and loss to larger sea salt particles. Inclusion of sea salt in the calculations reduces the aerosol optical depth and burden of fine mode nitrate by 25% on a global scale but with large regional variations.

scholarly journals Evaluating nighttime CALIOP 0.532 μm aerosol optical depth and extinction coefficient retrievals

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 2747-2794 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Campbell ◽  
J. L. Tackett ◽  
J. S. Reid ◽  
J. Zhang ◽  
C. A. Curtis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerosol Optical Depth ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Extinction Coefficient ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Orthogonal Polarization ◽  
Aerosol Layer ◽  
Vertical Profiles ◽  
Diurnal Variability ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Ground Based Lidar

Abstract. NASA Cloud Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) Version 3.01 5-km nighttime 0.532 μm aerosol optical depth (AOD) datasets from 2007 are screened, averaged and evaluated at 1° × 1° resolution versus corresponding/co-incident 0.550 μm AOD derived using the US Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System (NAAPS), featuring two-dimensional variational assimilation of quality-assured NASA Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) AOD. Daytime datasets are investigated similarly for context. Regional-mean CALIOP vertical profiles of night/day 0.532 μm extinction coefficient are compared with 0.523/0.532 μm ground-based lidar measurements to investigate representativeness and diurnal variability. In this analysis, mean nighttime CALIOP AOD are mostly lower than daytime (0.121 vs. 0.126 for all aggregated data points, and 0.099 vs. 0.102 when averaged globally per normalized 1° × 1° bin), though the relationship is reversed over land and coastal regions when the data are averaged per normalized bin (0.134/0.108 vs. 0140/0.112, respectively). Offsets assessed within single bins alone approach ±20%. CALIOP AOD, both day and night, are higher than NAAPS over land (0.137 vs. 0.124) and equal over water (0.082 vs. 0.083) when averaged globally per normalized bin. However, for all data points inclusive, NAAPS exceeds CALIOP over land, coast and ocean, both day and night. Again, differences assessed within single bins approach 50% in extreme cases. Correlation between CALIOP and NAAPS AOD is comparable during both day and night. Higher correlation is found nearest the equator, both as a function of sample size and relative signal magnitudes inherent at these latitudes. Root mean square deviation between CALIOP and NAAPS varies between 0.1 and 0.3 globally during both day/night. Averaging of CALIOP along-track AOD data points within a single NAAPS grid bin improves correlation and RMSD, though day/night and land/ocean biases persist and are believed systematic. Vertical profiles of extinction coefficient derived in the Caribbean compare well with ground-based lidar observations, though potentially anomalous selection of a-priori lidar ratios for CALIOP retrievals is likely inducing some discrepancies. Mean effective aerosol layer top heights are stable between day and night, indicating consistent layer-identification diurnally, which is noteworthy considering the potential limiting effects of ambient solar noise during day.

Wavelength dependence of the optical depth of biomass burning, urban, and desert dust aerosols

1999 ◽  
Vol 104 (D24) ◽  
pp. 31333-31349 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. F. Eck ◽  
B. N. Holben ◽  
J. S. Reid ◽  
O. Dubovik ◽  
A. Smirnov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Depth ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Wavelength Dependence ◽  
Desert Dust ◽  
Dust Aerosols

scholarly journals Carbon monoxide distributions from the IASI/METOP mission: evaluation with other space-borne remote sensors

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (21) ◽  
pp. 8317-8330 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. George ◽  
C. Clerbaux ◽  
D. Hurtmans ◽  
S. Turquety ◽  
P.-F. Coheur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Equatorial Region ◽  
Vertical Profiles ◽  
Atmospheric Infrared Sounder ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Remote Sensors ◽  
Atmospheric Sounding ◽  
Total Column

Abstract. The Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) onboard the MetOp satellite measures carbon monoxide (CO) on a global scale, twice a day. CO total columns and vertical profiles are retrieved in near real time from the nadir radiance spectra measured by the instrument in the thermal infrared (TIR) spectral range. This paper describes the measurement vertical sensitivity and provides a first assessment of the capabilities of IASI to measure CO distributions. On the global scale, 0.8 to 2.4 independent pieces of information are available for the retrieval. At mid latitudes, the information ranges between 1.5 and 2, which enables the lower and upper troposphere to be distinguished, especially when thermal contrast is significant. Global distributions of column CO are evaluated with correlative observations available from other nadir looking TIR missions currently in operation: the Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) onboard TERRA, the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) onboard AQUA and the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) onboard AURA. The IASI CO columns are compared with MOPITT, AIRS and TES CO columns, adjusted with the a priori, for three different months: August 2008, November 2008 and February 2009. On average, total column discrepancies of about 7% are found between IASI and the three other sounders in the Northern Hemisphere and in the equatorial region. However when strong CO concentrations are present, such as during fire events, these discrepancies can climb as high as 17%. Instrument specifications of IASI versus other missions are also discussed.

Dust-aerosol optical depth in CMIP6 models and implication for PV-power generation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Scheele ◽  
Stephanie Fiedler
Keyword(s):  
Aerosol Optical Depth ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Dust Aerosol ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Desert Dust ◽  
Dust Aerosols ◽  
Climate Model Simulations

<p>Renewable energy produced by photovoltaic (PV) power plants strongly depends on the meteorological conditions. Desert-dust aerosols impair the radiative transfer in the atmosphere, but their effect on PV power is poorly understood from a climatological perspective. Past climate model simulations are known to have a large spread in dust-aerosol loading. With the new CMIP6 model simulations now being available, we revisit the climate-model spread in representing desert-dust aerosols for 1985 to 2014, assess the dust-aerosol changes until 2100, and estimate the associated differences in the PV power potential. To this end, we evaluate the dust aerosol optical depth (DOD) in the CMIP6 historical simulations using modern reanalysis and satellite data. Our results highlight the persistent model spread for DOD in CMIP6, but a multi-model mean DOD close to the reanalysis and satellite data. We identify only slight changes in both the global and regional mean DOD in a green scenario (ssp126) at the end of the 21st century. For a future with continued strong warming (ssp245, ssp585), the simulations suggest an increase (decrease) in regional DOD associated with North-African, Transatlantic transport, and Australia (Taklamakan Desert) dust emissions. The differences in simulated DOD imply changes in the PV power potential for regions affected by dust aerosols. We compute the change in the PV power potential from surface irradiance, temperature, and wind speed in the CMIP6 scenarios against present-day. Our results point to a PV power potential for North Africa that is similarly affected by a future increase in temperature and decrease in irradiance associated with more dust aerosols. In mid-latitude regions of the northern hemisphere, a future change in PV power potential is controlled by changes of clouds and temperature. Our PV power estimates underline the impacts of the model uncertainty in DOD, the degree of future warming, and the unclear response of clouds and circulation to the warming.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluating nighttime CALIOP 0.532 μm aerosol optical depth and extinction coefficient retrievals

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 2143-2160 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Campbell ◽  
J. L. Tackett ◽  
J. S. Reid ◽  
J. Zhang ◽  
C. A. Curtis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerosol Optical Depth ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Extinction Coefficient ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Orthogonal Polarization ◽  
Aerosol Layer ◽  
Vertical Profiles ◽  
Diurnal Variability ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Ground Based Lidar

Abstract. NASA Cloud Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) Version 3.01 5-km nighttime 0.532 μm aerosol optical depth (AOD) datasets from 2007 are screened, averaged and evaluated at 1° × 1° resolution versus corresponding/co-incident 0.550 μm AOD derived using the US Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System (NAAPS), featuring two-dimensional variational assimilation of quality-assured NASA Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) AOD. In the absence of sunlight, since passive radiometric AOD retrievals rely overwhelmingly on scattered radiances, the model represents one of the few practical global estimates available from which to attempt such a validation. Daytime comparisons, though, provide useful context. Regional-mean CALIOP vertical profiles of night/day 0.532 μm extinction coefficient are compared with 0.523/0.532 μm ground-based lidar measurements to investigate representativeness and diurnal variability. In this analysis, mean nighttime CALIOP AOD are mostly lower than daytime (0.121 vs. 0.126 for all aggregated data points, and 0.099 vs. 0.102 when averaged globally per normalised 1° × 1° bin), though the relationship is reversed over land and coastal regions when the data are averaged per normalised bin (0.134/0.108 vs. 0140/0.112, respectively). Offsets assessed within single bins alone approach ±20%. CALIOP AOD, both day and night, are higher than NAAPS over land (0.137 vs. 0.124) and equal over water (0.082 vs. 0.083) when averaged globally per normalised bin. However, for all data points inclusive, NAAPS exceeds CALIOP over land, coast and ocean, both day and night. Again, differences assessed within single bins approach 50% in extreme cases. Correlation between CALIOP and NAAPS AOD is comparable during both day and night. Higher correlation is found nearest the equator, both as a function of sample size and relative signal magnitudes inherent at these latitudes. Root mean square deviation between CALIOP and NAAPS varies between 0.1 and 0.3 globally during both day/night. Averaging of CALIOP along-track AOD data points within a single NAAPS grid bin improves correlation and RMSD, though day/night and land/ocean biases persist and are believed systematic. Vertical profiles of extinction coefficient derived in the Caribbean compare well with ground-based lidar observations, though potentially anomalous selection of a priori lidar ratios for CALIOP retrievals is likely inducing some discrepancies. Mean effective aerosol layer top heights are stable between day and night, indicating consistent layer-identification diurnally, which is noteworthy considering the potential limiting effects of ambient solar noise during day.

scholarly journals Direct SW aerosol radiative forcing over Portugal

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (19) ◽  
pp. 5771-5786 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Santos ◽  
M. J. Costa ◽  
A. M. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Radiative Transfer ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Solar Spectrum ◽  
Average Surface ◽  
Aerosol Radiative Forcing ◽  
Desert Dust ◽  
Dust Aerosols ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Aerosol Radiative

Abstract. In this work, the evaluation of the aerosol radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere as well as at the surface over the south of Portugal is made, particularly in the regions of Évora (38°34' N, 7°54' W) and of Cabo da Roca (38°46' N, 9°38' W), during years 2004 and 2005. The radiative transfer calculations, using the radiative transfer code Second Simulation of the Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum (6S), combine ground-based measurements, from Aerosol Robotic NETwork (AERONET), and satellite measurements, from MODerate Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), to estimate the direct SW aerosol radiative forcing. The method developed to retrieve the surface spectral reflectance is also presented, based on ground-based measurements (AERONET) of the aerosol optical properties combined with the satellite-measured radiances (MODIS). The instantaneous direct SW aerosol radiative forcing values obtained at the top of the atmosphere are, in the majority of the cases, negative, indicating a tendency for cooling the Earth at the top of the atmosphere. For Desert Dust aerosols, over the Évora land region, the average forcing efficiency is estimated to be −25 Wm−2/AOT0.55 whereas for the Cabo da Roca area, the average forcing efficiency is −46 Wm−2/AOT0.55. In the presence of Forest Fire aerosols, both from short and long distances, the average value of forcing efficiency at the top of the atmosphere over Cabo da Roca is found to be −28 Wm−2/AOT0.55 and, over Évora, −27 Wm−2/AOT0.55. For specific situations, discussed in this work, the average surface direct SW aerosol radiative forcing efficiency due to the Desert Dust aerosols, in Évora region, is −66 Wm−2/AOT0.55, whereas in Cabo da Roca region, the corresponding average value is −38 Wm−2/AOT0.55. Considering the Forest Fire aerosols, over Évora region, the average surface direct SW aerosol radiative forcing efficiency can vary between −36 and −113 Wm−2/AOT0.55, the more negative value corresponding to forest fire aerosols coming only from shorter distances.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document