scholarly journals Spatial and temporal variations of wave energy in the nearshore waters of the central west coast of India

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 1197-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Amrutha ◽  
V. Sanil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
Indian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Wave Power ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
West Coast Of India ◽  
Water Depths

Abstract. Assessment of wave power potential at different water depths and time is required for identifying a wave power plant location. This study examines the variation in wave power off the central west coast of India at water depths of 30, 9 and 5 m based on waverider buoy measured wave data. The study shows a significant reduction ( ∼  10 to 27 %) in wave power at 9 m water depth compared to 30 m and the wave power available at 5 m water depth is 20 to 23 % less than that at 9 m. At 9 m depth, the seasonal mean value of the wave power varied from 1.6 kW m−1 in the post-monsoon period (ONDJ) to 15.2 kW m−1 in the Indian summer monsoon (JJAS) period. During the Indian summer monsoon period, the variation of wave power in a day is up to 32 kW m−1. At 9 m water depth, the mean annual wave power is 6 kW m−1 and interannual variations up to 19.3 % are observed during 2009–2014. High wave energy ( >  20 kW m−1) at the study area is essentially from the directional sector 245–270° and also 75 % of the total annual wave energy is from this narrow directional sector, which is advantageous while aligning the wave energy converter.

Characteristics of shallow water waves off the central west coast of India before, during and after the onset of the Indian summer monsoon

2015 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 259-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Amrutha ◽  
V. Sanil Kumar ◽  
Sheela Sharma ◽  
Jai Singh ◽  
R. Gowthaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
Indian Summer Monsoon ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Water Waves ◽  
Shallow Water Waves ◽  
West Coast Of India

Modelling Wave Energy Resources in the Irish West Coast

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rute Bento ◽  
Paulo Martinho ◽  
Ricardo Campos ◽  
C. Guedes Soares
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Wave Climate ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Wave Power ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Wave Models ◽  
The Time Domain ◽  
Validation Tests ◽  
Buoy Data

In order to assess the potential wave energy extraction, a study is made to validate a model that can be used to characterize Ireland’s wave climate in a more extensive study. The target area is the Irish West Coast, known for having the highest average wave power in Europe. The wave conditions in the coastal area were characterized by coupling the wave models SWAN and WAVEWATCH III. Validation tests are carried out with buoy data so that the model’s performance can be evaluated. The wave parameters considered for the comparisons in the time domain are significant wave height and mean period, and the spatial distribution of wave energy is examined in a case study. Theoretical values of wave power are obtained for sites close to the coast and in particular for the two tests sites of Galway and Belmullet.

scholarly journals First measurement of atmospheric mercury species in Qomolangma Natural Nature Preserve, Tibetan Plateau, and evidence oftransboundary pollutant invasion

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 1373-1391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiming Lin ◽  
Yindong Tong ◽  
Xiufeng Yin ◽  
Qianggong Zhang ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
Indian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Mercury Species ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Nature Preserve

Abstract. Located in the world's “third pole” and a remote region connecting the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate, Qomolangma National Nature Preserve (QNNP) is an ideal region to study the long-range transport of atmospheric pollutants. In this study, gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) and particle-bound mercury (PBM) were continuously measured during the Indian monsoon transition period in QNNP. A slight increase in the GEM concentration was observed from the period preceding the Indian summer monsoon (1.31±0.42 ng m−3) to the Indian summer monsoon period (1.44±0.36 ng m−3), while significant decreases were observed in the GOM and PBM concentrations, with concentrations decreasing from 35.2±18.6 to 19.3±10.9 pg m−3 (p < 0.001) for GOM and from 30.5±12.5 to 24.9±19.8 pg m−3 (p < 0.001) for PBM. A unique daily pattern was observed in QNNP with respect to the GEM concentration, with a peak value before sunrise and a low value at noon. Relative to the (low) GEM concentrations, GOM concentrations (with a mean value of 21.4±13.4 pg m−3, n=1239) in this region were relatively high compared with the measured values in some other regions of China. A cluster analysis indicated that the air masses transported to QNNP changed significantly at different stages of the monsoon, and the major potential mercury (Hg) sources shifted from northern India and western Nepal to eastern Nepal and Bangladesh. As there is a large area covered in glaciers in QNNP, local glacier winds could increase the transboundary transport of pollutants and transport polluted air masses to the Tibetan Plateau. The atmospheric Hg concentration in QNNP in the Indian summer monsoon period was influenced by transboundary Hg flows. This highlights the need for a more specific identification of Hg sources impacting QNNP and underscores the importance of international cooperation regarding global Hg controls.

A study of temporal variations of 7Be and 210Pb concentrations and their correlations with rainfall and other parameters in the South West Coast of India

2018 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 194-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.P. Mohan ◽  
Renita Shiny D'Souza ◽  
S. Rashmi Nayak ◽  
Srinivas S. Kamath ◽  
Trilochana Shetty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
The South ◽  
West Coast Of India ◽  
South West ◽  
South West Coast

scholarly journals Influence of winds on temporally varying short and long period gravity waves in the near shore regions of Eastern Arabian Sea

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 3021-3047
Author(s):  
J. Glejin ◽  
V. Sanil Kumar ◽  
T. N. Balakrishnan Nair ◽  
J. Singh
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
Sea Breeze ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
West Coast Of India ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
South West ◽  
South West Monsoon ◽  
West Monsoon

Abstract. Wave data collected off Ratnagiri, west coast of India during 1 May 2010 to 30 April 2012 is used in the study. Seasonal and annual variation in wave data controlled by the local wind system such as sea breeze and land breeze, and remote wind generated long period waves observed along the west coast of India, is studied. Sea breeze plays an important role in determining the sea state during pre and post monsoon seasons and the maximum wave height is observed during peak hours of sea breeze at 15:00 UTC. Long period waves (peak period over 13 s) are observed mainly during the pre and the post monsoon season. Maximum peak period observed during the study is 22 s and is in the month of October. Long period waves observed during the south west monsoon period of 2011 are identified as swell propagated from the Southern Ocean with an estimated travelling time of 5–6 days. The swells reaching the Arabian Sea from the South Indian Ocean and Southern Ocean, due to storms during the pre and post monsoon periods will modify the near surface winds, due to the dominant wave induced wind regime. Energy spectrum of observed waves indicates onset and decline of strong south west monsoon winds. Convergence of energy-containing frequency bands corresponding to short period waves (Tp < 8 s) and long period waves (Tp > 13 s) to intermediate period waves (8 < Tp < 13 s) are observed at the end of the pre monsoon season; divergence is observed during the start of the post monsoon period from intermediate period waves to short period waves and long period waves. South west monsoon period is characterized by the energy corresponding to the frequency band of intermediate period waves along the west coast of India.

scholarly journals Inter-annual variations in wave spectral characteristics at a location off the central west coast of India

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Sanil Kumar ◽  
M. Anjali Nair
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Wave Spectrum ◽  
Spectral Energy ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
West Coast Of India ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Wind Sea ◽  
Two Peaks

Abstract. The inter-annual variations in wave spectrum are examined based on the wave data measured at 9 m water depth off the central west coast of India from 2009 to 2012 using a wave rider buoy. The temporal variation of the spectral energy density over a calendar year indicates similar variation in all the four years studied. The inter-annual variations in wave spectrum are observed in all months with larger variations during January to February, May and October to November due to the changes in wind-sea. The seasonal average wave spectrum during the monsoon (June–September) is single-peaked and the swell component is high in 2011 compared to other years. The annual averaged wave spectrum had higher peak energy during 2011 due to the higher spectral energy present during the monsoon period. During the non-monsoon period, two peaks are predominantly observed in the wave spectra; with the average peak at 0.07 Hz corresponding to the swells from the Indian Ocean and another at 0.17 Hz due to the local wind field.

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