Reviews and syntheses: the first records of deep-sea fauna – a correction and discussion

Abstract. The soundings in deep waters of Baffin Bay, together with the recovery of a basket star by John Ross in 1818, was a milestone in the history of deep-sea research. Although the alleged water depths of up to 1950 m were by far not reached, these were nevertheless the first soundings in deep bathyal (to perhaps uppermost abyssal) depths. Furthermore, the recovery of a benthic animal proved that animal life existed at great depths. Yet this was not the first published record of deep-sea fauna as it is often portrayed. This merit goes to accidental catches of the stalked crinoid Cenocrinus asterius that were recovered with fishing lines from upper bathyal environments near Antillean islands. In addition, the description of several deep-sea fishes considerably predated the John Ross episode.

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The authorship and type localities of bird taxa (Aves) collected during the John Ross 1818 Expedition to the Baffin Bay, northwestern Atlantic Ocean

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.3515.1.3 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3515 (1) ◽

pp. 51

Author(s):

JIŘÍ MLÍKOVSKÝ

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Ocean ◽

Baffin Bay ◽

Lagopus Mutus ◽

History Of ◽

John Ross

The 1818 expedition to the Baffin Bay, headed by Captain John Ross, resulted in the description of at least six bird speciesand four bird genera believed to be new to science. My review of publications relevant to the history of the expedition andto its ornithological outputs resulted in the correction of authorship of several of these names, as follows: The genus So-materia (Anatidae) dates from Leach (in Anonymous 1818), not from Leach (in Ross 1819c). The author of the generaClangula (Anatidae) and Xema (Laridae) is Ross (1819c), not Leach (in Ross 1819c). The species Larus sabini (Laridae)dates from J. Sabine (in Anonymous 1819a), not from J. Sabine (1819). The subspecies of Lagopus mutus (Tetraonidae)from western Greenland should be called Lagopus mutus dispar Ross, 1820c, not Lagopus mutus saturatus Salomonsen, 1950, if recognized. Other corrections consider names which are currently not used as valid.

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Tanaidacea (Crustacea) of the Northeast Atlantic: non-filiform species of Anarthruridae Lang from the Atlantic Margin

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.471.1.1 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 471 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

GRAHAM BIRD

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Deep Sea ◽

Cold Water ◽

New Genera ◽

The Family ◽

History Of ◽

Atlantic Margin ◽

Group D ◽

Deep Sea Fauna

Anarthrurid tanaidaceans are common in the bathyal zone west of the British Isles and their identification has been difficult. The complex history of the taxonomy and classification of the Family Anarthruridae Lang is summarised and H.J. Hansen s Leptognathia group d from the Ingolf expeditions is transferred to the Anarthruridae. Three known species are re-described (Anarthrurasimplex, Leptognathia latiremis, and L. glacialis). In addition, five new genera are erected and five new species described. A key to their identification is given. Zoogeographic patterns indicate a cold-water fauna north of the Faeroes and Iceland and a separate Atlantic Deep Sea fauna along the Hebrides-Porcupine-Biscay slope.

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Synopsis of the knowledge on the Brazilian aplacophorans (Mollusca: Caudofoveata & Solenogastres)

Biota Neotropica ◽

10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2018-0545 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Flávio Dias Passos ◽

Marcel Sabino Miranda ◽

Paulo Vinicius Ferraz Corrêa

Keyword(s):

Deep Sea ◽

Brazilian Coast ◽

Small Animals ◽

Museum Collections ◽

Deep Waters ◽

Low Diversity ◽

Diversity Sampling ◽

The Relationship ◽

Deep Sea Fauna

Abstract: Aplacophorans are well known as exclusively marine benthic molluscs with a vermiform body covered by aragonitic sclerites (also called spicules), whose species are widely distributed from the sublittoral down to the abyss. Currently, only nine species are known from Brazil (one Solenogastres and eight Caudofoveata), but these very few records are no longer a reflection of an existing low diversity. Sampling in deep waters has been conducted recently in oil-rich areas of the Brazilian coast, and the museum collections have now many aplacophoran lots. There is a need to learn about and/or install some microscopical facilities in Brazilian institutions, to form expertise for the investigations on these generally small animals. With studies on taxonomy, phylogeny, biogeography and ecology, important questions will be surely answered about the diversity, distribution, and the relationship among the deep-sea fauna from Brazil and from other places.

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The neglected contributions of William Beebe to the natural history of the deep-sea

ICES Journal of Marine Science ◽

10.1093/icesjms/fsaa053 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 77 (5) ◽

pp. 1617-1628

Author(s):

John R Dolan

Keyword(s):

Natural History ◽

20Th Century ◽

Deep Water ◽

Deep Sea ◽

Water Sampling ◽

The Public ◽

Deep Waters ◽

Field Laboratory ◽

History Of

Abstract William Beebe (1877–1962) was a very popular 20th century naturalist and an early proponent of studying all organisms in a habitat. Beebe’s deep-sea work began with his Arcturus Oceanographic Expedition in 1925 with sampling closely modelled on the Michael Sars deep-sea expedition. Dissatisfied with ship-based sampling of stations for a few days at best, he established a field laboratory in Bermuda to do intensive deep-water sampling. From 1929 to 1934, plankton net tows were carried out at the same site, over several months each year, totalling over 1500 net tows in deep waters. Here, the sampling efforts and results are reviewed from both the Arcturus Expedition and the Bermuda station. Study of the deep-sea samples yielded 43 scientific articles, published from 1926 to 1952, on a large variety of taxa. Beebe is still a popular figure connected in the public view with deep-sea exploration from his famous Bathysphere dives at the Bermuda site. However, his name rarely, if ever, appears in academic reviews of deep-sea biology or deep-sea expeditions. This study is an attempt to draw attention to Beebe’s considerable scientific deep-sea work and provide some speculation as to why his contributions might be neglected.

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First glimpse into Lower Jurassic deep-sea biodiversity: in situ diversification and resilience against extinction

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2013.2624 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 281 (1786) ◽

pp. 20132624 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Ben Thuy ◽

Steffen Kiel ◽

Alfréd Dulai ◽

Andy S. Gale ◽

Andreas Kroh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Late Cretaceous ◽

Deep Sea ◽

Late Jurassic ◽

Lower Jurassic ◽

Early Jurassic ◽

Geological History ◽

Shelf Seas ◽

History Of ◽

Deep Sea Fauna

Owing to the assumed lack of deep-sea macrofossils older than the Late Cretaceous, very little is known about the geological history of deep-sea communities, and most inference-based hypotheses argue for repeated recolonizations of the deep sea from shelf habitats following major palaeoceanographic perturbations. We present a fossil deep-sea assemblage of echinoderms, gastropods, brachiopods and ostracods, from the Early Jurassic of the Glasenbach Gorge, Austria, which includes the oldest known representatives of a number of extant deep-sea groups, and thus implies that in situ diversification, in contrast to immigration from shelf habitats, played a much greater role in shaping modern deep-sea biodiversity than previously thought. A comparison with coeval shelf assemblages reveals that, at least in some of the analysed groups, significantly more extant families/superfamilies have endured in the deep sea since the Early Jurassic than in the shelf seas, which suggests that deep-sea biota are more resilient against extinction than shallow-water ones. In addition, a number of extant deep-sea families/superfamilies found in the Glasenbach assemblage lack post-Jurassic shelf occurrences, implying that if there was a complete extinction of the deep-sea fauna followed by replacement from the shelf, it must have happened before the Late Jurassic.

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Deep-sea fauna

AccessScience ◽

10.1036/1097-8542.183200 ◽

2015 ◽

Keyword(s):

Deep Sea ◽

Deep Sea Fauna

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Holocene polynya dynamics and their interaction with oceanic heat transport in northernmost Baffin Bay

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-88517-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rebecca Jackson ◽

Anna Bang Kvorning ◽

Audrey Limoges ◽

Eleanor Georgiadis ◽

Steffen M. Olsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sediment Cores ◽

Active Role ◽

Atlantic Water ◽

The Arctic ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Baffin Bay ◽

The North ◽

North Water ◽

History Of ◽

Ocean Conditions

AbstractBaffin Bay hosts the largest and most productive of the Arctic polynyas: the North Water (NOW). Despite its significance and active role in water mass formation, the history of the NOW beyond the observational era remains poorly known. We reconcile the previously unassessed relationship between long-term NOW dynamics and ocean conditions by applying a multiproxy approach to two marine sediment cores from the region that, together, span the Holocene. Declining influence of Atlantic Water in the NOW is coeval with regional records that indicate the inception of a strong and recurrent polynya from ~ 4400 yrs BP, in line with Neoglacial cooling. During warmer Holocene intervals such as the Roman Warm Period, a weaker NOW is evident, and its reduced capacity to influence bottom ocean conditions facilitated northward penetration of Atlantic Water. Future warming in the Arctic may have negative consequences for this vital biological oasis, with the potential knock-on effect of warm water penetration further north and intensified melt of the marine-terminating glaciers that flank the coast of northwest Greenland.

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